ASSOCIATIVE ORGANIZATIONS, 1892 - 775 Conrad Born treasurer and E. L. Taylor secretary, both of whom have long held these positions. The present membership of the club is as follows : Cotton H. Allen, Conrad Born, Herman G. Dennison, David L. Bowersmith, John Calender, Edward Den-mead, William B. Hayden, William S. Huffman, William W. Medary, Robert E. Neil, Charles H. Pinney, Charles G. Saffin, William Taylor, Edward L. Taylor, Samuel Thompson, Henry D. Turney and Charles Zigler. APPENDIX TO CHAPTER XLIX. ASSOCIATIVE ORGANIZATIONS - 1892 Masonic. —(All bodies of this order meet in Masonic Hall, on East Town Street, unless otherwise specified.) F. & A. M.: Columbus Lodge, Number 30; stated communications second and fourth Tuesdays of each month ; Dennis N. Kelley, W. M.; A. H. Jones, secretary. Goodale Lodge, Number 372; stated communications first and fourth Mondays in each month ; John B. Romans, B. M. ; L. G. Thrall, secretary. Humboldt Lodge, Number 476 ; stated communications first and second Wednesdays in each month ; James D. Osborn, W. M. ; J. Nicholas Koerner, secretary, Magnolia Lodge, Number 20; stated communications first and third Tuesdays in each month ; C. B. Cameron, W. M. ; John F. Lincoln, secretary. R. A. M. Ohio Chapter, Number 12; stated convocation first Monday in each month, in Carpenter Block, East Town Street. Temple Chapter, Number 155; meets first and third Saturday of each month. R. & S. M. Columbus Council, Number 8 ; stated communications the second Friday in each month, in Carpenter Block. East Town Street. Knights Templar. Mount Vernon Commandery, Number 1 ; stated conclave last Thursday in each month. A. A. & S. R. Enoch Grand Lodge of Perfection, fourteenth degree ; meets every Friday evening, unless called off. Franklin Council, Princes of Jerusalem, sixteenth degree ; meets every Friday evening, unless called off. H. R. D. M. Columbus Chapter, Rose Croix, H. R. 1). M., eighteenth degree ; meets every Friday evening, unless called off. Thirty-second Degree Club ; meets at the call of the President. Ancient Scottish Rite ; meets at Masonic Cathedral on Third Street. Columbus Grand Lodge of Perfection. Fourteenth Degree ; meets Thursday evenings. Columbus Grand Council, Princes of Jerusalem, Sixteenth Degree ; meets every Thursday evening. Columbus Chapter, Rose Croix de H. . R. . D. . M. eighteenth Degree; meets every Thursday evening. Columbus Grand Council, Knights Kadosh, thirtieth Degree ; meets every Thursday evening. Sovereign Grand Consistory of Ohio, Thirty-second Degree ; meets every Thursday evening. Royal Masonic Rite; meets in Johnson's Building on South High Street. Karnac Rose Croix Chapter, Number 514 (4 to 18 degrees); meets first and third Friday evenings of each month. 776 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. Mokattan Senate, Number 51 (18 to 45 degrees), meets fourth Friday evening each month' Council Patriarch, Number 21 (45 to 90 degrees); meets fourth Friday evening in each month. Order of Eastern Star. Crown Chapter, Number 8 ; meets first and third Wednesday evenings at Masonic Cathedral, South Third Street. Loraine Chapter, Number 1 ; meets first and third Wednesday evenings at Red Men's Hall, Odd Fellows' Temple. Insurance. Masonic Mutual Benefit Association. North High Street ; E. Morrell, Preside t; R. R. Rickly, Treasurer ; William M. Cunningham, Secretary. Colored Masons, meet at 1161 South High Street ; St. Mark's Lodge, Number 7, meets. fir t Tuesday evening each month ; St. Mark's Lodge Number 8, meets first Tuesday each m nth. in First National Bank Block ; R. A. M., Johnson Chapter, Number 3 ; meets first Monday evening each month ; K. T., Taylor Commandery, Number 6, meets first Thursday evening of each month. Odd Fellows,-All bodies of this order meet in the Odd Fellows' Temple unless otherwise stated. Sovereign Grand Lodge ; Charles M. Busbee, Grand Sire, Raleigh, North Carolina C. T. Campbell, Deputy Grand Sire, London, Ontario ; Theodore A. Ross, Grand Secretary, Columbus ; Isaac A. Shepherd, Grand Treasurer, Philadelphia ; George Coburn, Assistant Grand Secretary, Columbus ; Rev. J. W. Venable, Grand Chaplain, Hopkinsville. Kentucky ; A. C. Cable, Grand Marshal, Covington, Ohio; Alexander Guthrie, Grand Guardian, Hockessin, Delaware ; E. A. Kelly, Grand Messenger. Otting Washington. Columbus Lodge, Number 9, meets every Monday evening; Excelsior Lodge. Number 145, meets every Wednesday evening ; Capital Lodge, Number 334, meets every Friday evening; Greiner. Lodge, Number 450, meets every Monday evening; Harmonia Lodge, 358 (German), meets every Saturday evening ; Junia Lodge, Number 474, meets every Wednes- day evening ; National Lodge, 509 (German), meets every Friday evening ; Stauring Lodge, Number 512, meets every Tuesday evening ;. Dennison Lodge, Number 741, meets every Wednesday evening at its hall on North High Street ; Robert Curtis Lodge, Number 762, meets every Tuesday evening at its hall on Mount Vernon Avenue. Daughters of Naomi, Ruth Assembly, Number 9, meets every other Wednesday evening, corner of Broad and Mitchell streets. Daughters of Rebekah, Naomi Lodge, Number 6, meets every other Saturday evening ; Germania Lodge, Number 159, meets every other Saturday evening ; Indianola Lodge, Number 199, meets every other Thursday evening in the Odd Fellows' Hall on North High Street ; Ella Dill Lodge, meets second and fourth Friday evenings at Odd Fellows' Hall on Mount Vernon Avenue ; Superior Lodge meets on alternate Fridays in the Odd Fellows' Temple. Encampments: Concordia, Number 96 (German), meets on second and fourth Wednesday evenings each mouth in Red Men's Hall ; Capital, Number 6, meets every Tuesday evening ; Buckeye, Number 145, meets every Thursday evening in Red Men's Hall ; Ridgely, Number 189, meets every Tuesday evening in Odd Fellows' Hall on North High Street. Relief Committee : General Relief, composed of one committeeman from each lodge in the city ; meets on first and third Saturday evenings of each month; W. A. Dill secretary. Odd Fellows' Beneficial Association: Trustees meet on first Monday evening of each month at the office of the association ; Thomas A. Morgan, secretary. Patriarchs Militant : Grand Canton Ohio, Number 1, P. M., meets every Monday night in Wirthwein Block, H. M. Innis clerk ; Canton Columbus, Number 65, meets second and fourth Saturday evenings on North High Street, Frank Howell clerk G U. O. O. F. (Colored): Meets at the Sessions Hall ; Grand United Order of Odd Fellows, Ohio District Lodge, Number 24, Charles E. Ransom district secretary ; Beacon Light Lodge. Number 2,874, meets every Monday evening, permanent secretary William Rickman ; Capital Lodge, Number 1,903, meets every Tuesday evening, Isaac D. Ross permanent secretary ; Columbus Patriarch, Number 26, meets third Thursday in each month, R. F. Williams secretary ; Household of Ruth, Number 218, meets first Thursday in each month, Mary W. Spencer recorder ; Household of Ruth, Number 567, meets second and fourth Friday in each month ; Past Grand Masters Council, Number 68, meets second Thursday evening each month, William Rickman Grand Secretary. Knights of Pythias. -Meet at K. of P. Hall, corner of High and Chapel, unless otherwise stated. Joseph Dowdall Lodge, Number 144, meets every Friday evening ; Columbus Lodge, Number 3, meets every Thursday evening'; Eastwood Lodge. Number 325, meets corner Eighteenth and Mt. Vernon Avenue every Friday evening; Champion Lodge, Number 581, meets every Thursday evening, Druid Hall; Germania Lodge (German), Number 4, meets every Tuesday evening; Norwood Lodge, Number 288, meets every Monday evening at 1031 North High Street ; Oriental Lodge, Number 95, meets every Monday evening; Railway Lodge, Number 315, meets every Wednesday evening. ASSOCIATIVE ORGANIZATIONS, 1892 - 777 Pythian Sisterhood : Calanthian Temple, Number 1, meets every Wednesday evening ; Norma Temple, meets first and third Satnrday each month in I. 0. 0. F. Hall, North High Street; Pet Adams Temple, meets every Monday in I. 0. 0. F. Hall, corner Mount Vernon Avenue and Eighteenth, Endowment Rank, Section 190, meets fourth Saturday in each month. Uniform Rank, Columbus Division, Number 1, meets every Thursday in Frech's corner Rich and Pearl ; Joseph Dowdall Division, Number 19, meets first Thursday of each month in Knights of Pythias Hall ; Eastwood Division, Number fount meets first and third Thursday of each month in Armory, corner Eighteenth Street and Vernon Avenue. Relief Committee: The General Relief Committee is composed of one committeeman from each Lodge. Pride of the West Lodge (Colored), Number 5, meets every Thursday evening at 1821 South Fourth. Imperial Order of Red Men. -Algonquin Tribe, Number 3, meets every Saturday evening in Red Men's Hall, Odd Fellows' Temple ; Beaver Tribe, Number 110, meets every Monday evening at southwest corner Broad and Mitchell ; Buffalo Tribe, Number 109, meets every Wednesday evening at 1,0381 North High ; Deerfoot Tribe, Number 113. meets every Thursday evening at 8951 Mount Vernon Avenue ; Scioto Tribe (German), Number 22, meets every Tuesday evening in Fischer's Hall ; Sioux Tribe, Number 128, meets every Monday evening at 2,583 ½ North High. Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks.--Columbus Lodge, Number 37, meets every Wednesday evening in Commercial Block, South High Street ; Loyal Order of Moose, meets every Friday evening at 1111 South High. Druids. -Meet at Wirthwein's Hall, South High Street; Columbus Grove (German), Number 10, meets every Monday evening; Franklin Chapter (German), Number 2, meets first Monday of each month ; Concordia Council, Number 4, meets first Sunday in each month ; Lincoln Grove, Number 42, meets every Tuesday evening at 1111 South High. Good Templars.-Columbus Lodge, Number 561, meets every Monday evening, cornet Fifth Avenue and Lazelle ; Golden Light Lodge, Number 559, meets in the Congregational Church, West Goodale Street, every Thursday evening ; Franklin Lodge, Number 556, meets southeast corner High and Long streets every Friday evening ; Magnolia Lodge, Number 560, meets in Jr. 0. U. A. M. Hall, 10Hildreth Block, Twentieth Street, every Monday evening ; Metropolitan Lodge, Number 555, meets in Druid Hall, South High, first and third Wednesday ; Sunbeam Temple, Number 46 (Juvenile), meets every Saturday afternoon at 118 North High; Good Templars' Benefit Association meets first Saturday of each month at southeast corner High and Long. Patriotic Order Sons of America.-Washington Camp, Number 1, meets every Tuesday evening in Sessions' Block ; Washington Camp, Number 22 'meets every Wednesday evening at 118 North High ; Washington Camp, Number 58, meets every Monday night at 5051 North High ; Washington Camp, Number 61, meets every Tuesday evening at 2,6451 North High ; Columbus Commandery, Number 29. Jr. 0. U. A. AL-Electric Council, Number 13, meets every Wednesday evening at 291 East Spring ; Columbus Council, Number 26. meets every Friday evening at P. O. S. of A. Hall, 5051 North High ; Custer Council, Number 29, meets every Monday evening at 368 North Twentieth ; Goodale Council. Number 52, meets every Friday evening at 1,4121 North High. Knights of Honor -Crystal Lodge, Number 1,238, meets second and fourth Mondays of each month at 118 North High ; Germania Lodge, Number 3,438, meets first and third Thursdays in each month at northeast corner Fourth and Mound: Knights and Ladies of Honor. Eintracht Lodge, Number 1,438, meets every Monday evening at northeast corner of Fourth and Spring ; Columbus Lodge, Number 1,479, meets first and third Wednesday evenings at Wirthwein building, Druid Hall ; Capital Lodge, Number 1.511, meets second and fourth Monday evenings at 1991 South High ; Fidelity Lodge, Number 1,452, meets first and second Tuesday evenings at northeast corner Fourth and Mound ; Friendly Lodge, Number 1,535, meets second and fourth Tuesday evenings at corner Mount Vernon and Monroe avenues ; Harmonia Lodge, Number 1,588, meets second and fourth Thursday evenings at Fischer's Hall, East Main. Knights of Maccabees.--K. 0. T. M. Columbus Tent, Number 4, meets first and third Monday evenings at 118 North High ; Franklin Tent. Number 51, meets first and third Thursday evenings at southwest corner West Broad and Mitchell ; American Tent, Number 60, meets Wednesday evenings at Red Men's Hall, Metropolitan Opera Block ; Buckeye Tent, Number 53, meets corner Mount Vernon Avenue and Eighteenth. Knights of the Golden Rule.-Meets in Hessenauer's Hall, South Fourth, first and third Friday in each month. Fraternal Mystic Circle.-The Supreme Ruling of the Fraternal Mystic Circle has its office at room 2081 South High ; D. E. Steve , Supreme Mystic Ruler; Charles E. Rowley, 778 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. Supreme Recorder ; F. S. Wagenhals, M. D., S. M. D.; John G. Reinhard, Supreme Treasurer. Business Men's Ruling, Number 150, meets first and third Fridays in each month at 1111 South High ; Centennial Ruling, Number 105, meets second and fourth Thursday evenings at southeast corner West Broad and Mitchell. Subordinate Rulings : Alpha Ruling, Number 1, meets in Red Meh's Hall, Odd Fellows' Temple, first and third Fridays of each month ; Centennial Ruling, Number 105, meets In hail, corner West Broad and Mitchell streets, first and third Thursday of each month ; Business Men's Ruling, Number 150, meets in Druid Hall, first and third Friday of each month ; German Oak Ruling, Number 161, meets in Fischer's Hall, first and third Wednesday of each month ; Provident Ruling, Number 171, meets in hall corner Eighteenth and Mount Vernon Avenue, the second Thursday evening of each month Railroad Ruling, Number 178, meets in Orient Hall, Sessions Block, second and fourth Wednesday of each month ; Ohio Ruling, Number 185, meets the second and fourth Thursday of each month ; Lincoln Ruling, Number 226, meets in Fifth Avenue Bank Building. second and fourth Thursday of each month ; Columbus Buggy Company Ruling, Number 240, meets in Liberty Hall, East Spring Street, second and fourth Monday of each month ; John Hancock Ruling, Number 318, meets in Druid Hall, South High Street. Order of the Golden Chain.-Ohio Lodge, Number 28, meets at Frech's Hall, on the first and third Tuesdays of each month. National Union -Columbus Council, Number 3, meets second Tuesday evening of each month at Osborn Building ; Franklin Council, Number 4, meets second Monday evening of each month at Wells Post Hall ; Railroad Council, Number 14, meets second and fourth Friday evenings at 1114- South High ; Tenax Council, Number 407, meets second and fourth Saturday evenings at the southeast corner Euclid Avenue and High ; Olentangy Council. Number 425, meets second Thursday evening of each month at room 8 Deshler Block. A. 0. O. W.-Capital City Lodge, Number 56, meets every Monday evening at Fisher's Hall, 131 East Main ; Columbus Lodge, Number 80, meets every Wednesday night at 342 South High. Independent International Order of Owls. -Columbus Nest, Number 12, meets last Thursday in :each month, Grand Central Hotel ; R. B. Collier, Sapient Screecher; J. W. Koerner, Sapient Scratcher. A. 0. K. of M. C.-Buckeye Castle. Number 3, meets every Wednesday evening in hall over Park Theatre ; Ohio Castle, Number 1, meets every Thursday evening at 5051 North High ; West Side Castle, Number 4, meets every Tuesday evening at southeast corner West Broad and Mitchell. Independent Order of Knighthood. -Ohio Camp, Number 1, meets in Red Men's Hall, Odd Fellows Temple, every Tuesday evening. Order of the Iron Hall.-Local Branch, Number 485, meets every Monday night at 152i North High. Royal Arcanum.- Capital Council, Number 87, meets second and fourth Thursday even• ings in each month at 1111 South High. American Pro. League.-Capital Lodge, Number 66, meets second and fourth Thursday evenings at 10481 North High ; Ohio Lodge, meets at 152 North High. American Legion of Honor.-Capital City Council, Number 346, meets first and third Monday evenings in each month at room 22, 101 North High. Shield of Honor.- Live Oak Lodge, Number 1, meets every Friday evening at southwest corner West Broad and Mitchell. Chosen Friends.-Meets every Thursday evening at 118 North High. Sons of St. George. -Royal Oak Lodge, meets every first and third Thursday, Orient Hall ; Daughters of St. George, meets first and third Wednesday of each month at Orient Hall. Prudential Order of America.- Columbus Lodge, Number 6, meets every Thursday evening at 234 South Third. Knights of the Golden Rule.- Meets first Friday in each month at 1821 South Fourth. United Order of Foresters of Ohio.-Court Forest meets alternate Friday evenings in Odd Fellows' Temple. Catholic Order of Foresters. -Meets first Monday and third Tuesday in each month. Jewish.-I. 0. B. B.-Zion Lodge, Number 62, meets second and fourth Sunday evenings each month at Druid Hall ; A. J. K. S. B. R., &vital Lodge, Number 132, meets alternate Sunday evenings each month at Odd Fellows' Temple. Knights of St. George.-Division A meets every Monday night at Baltz's Hall; Division B meets every Wednesday night northeast corner High and Mound ; Division C, Commandery of Sacred Heart, meets every second Sunday and every Monday evening at 171 East Town ASSOCIATIVE ORGANIZATIONS, 1892 - 779 D. O. H.—Teutonia Lodge, Number 394, meets every Monday evening at 342 South High. American Protestant Association.—Ohio Beneficial Brotherhood, Number 1, meets at 111+ South High ; Theodore Parker Lodge, Number 17, meets every second and fourth Thursday evening corner Fourth and Mound ; Sisters of Esther Lodge, meets second and fourth Wednesday evenings corner Fourth and Mound. Good Samaritans (Colored).—Douglas Lodge, Number 23, meets every Monday evening in the Sessions Block ; Rising Sun Lodge (female), Number 5, meets every other Saturday afternoon corner Long and Lazelle ; Bailey Lodge (female), Number 22, meets every second and fourth Thursday evening corner Long and High ; St. Clair Lodge, Number 9. meets every Wednesday evening corner Third and Long ; New Hope Lodge meets second and fourth Tuesday evenings of each month in Good Templar Hall. Independent Order of Immaculates (Colored).—Meets first Wednesday of each month in Good Templars' Hall. Sons of Protection.—Meet third Monday evening each month at Second Baptist Church. A. O. H.—Division Number 1 meets second Monday in each month ; Division Number 2 meets fourth Monday in each month ; Division Number 3 meets second Tuesday in each month; Division Number 4 meets third Monday in each month. Woodmen of the World.—Meet first and third Monday evenings each month at 29+ East Spring ; Camp Number 10 meets every Friday evening in Wirthwein Hall. Order of Solon.—Columbus Lodge, Number 122, meets second and fourth Tuesday evenings each month at 95 ½ South High. Order of the Golden Shore.—Capitol City Lodge meets second and fourth Wednesday evenings corner Fourth and Mound. Progressive Beneficial Association.—Prudentia Lodges meet at 335 ½ South High Street every Thursday evening. Order of Olympia.—Incorporated February 4, 1891 ; office of the Supreme Circle room 70 Clinton Building. Order of United Friends.—South End Council, Number 191, meets first and third Tuesdays each month at Lambrecht's Hall. Musical Societies.—Arion Club meets at 116 ½ Sonth High Street every Monday evening ; Apollo Quartette, Statehouse; Baden Singing Society meets in Stelzer's Hall every Tuesday evening ; Columbus Männerchor meets first Friday each month at 335 ½ South High ; Gounod Quartette meets every Monday evening at 452 East Gay Street ; Harmonia Club meets at 308 South High Street ; Helvetia Männerchor meets Wednesday evening at Trueb's Hall ; Ladies' Musical Club meets alternate Thursdays in the Osborn Building ; Lyra meets in Stelzer's Hall every Monday evening ; Liederkranz meets every Wednesday evening and Sunday afternoon at 195 East Main ; Mendelssohn Vocal Club meets first and third Fridays of each month at Number 111 North Ninth ; Mozart Club meets every Tuesday evening at 195 East Main ; Manger Quartette, 452 East Gay Street ; Martin Luther Choral Society meets every Friday evening ; North Side Vocal Club meets every Wednesday evening at 452 East Gay Street; Orpheus Club meets every Tuesday evening at 1161 South High ; Schubert Club meets every Tuesday evening at 452 East Gay ; University Glee Club meets every Friday afternoon at the Ohio State University ; Weber Octette meets every Wednesday evening at 452 East Gay ; Young Men's Catholic Club, 238+ East Main Street ; Young Men's Christian Association Glee Club meets every Sunday afternoon at Number 40 East Broad. Railway Organizations.— American Order of Railway Telegraphers meets second and fourth Mondays of each month corner High and Long streets ; Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, Little Miami Division, Number 34, meets first and third Sunday evenings in each month at 80+ North High Street ; Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, Franklin Lodge. meets first and third Monday evenings of each month at 80+ North High Street ; Brotherhood of Railway Brakemen meets first and third Sundays in each month ; Columbus & Hocking Valley Benefit Association meets first Saturday in each month at Wirthwein's Hall ; Order of Railway Conductors meets second and fourth Sundays of each month at the Odd Fellows' Temple ; 'Yard Master's Mutual Benefit Association, Division Number 55, meets at 118 North High. Commercial Travelers.— Columbus Commercial Travelers' Association meets first Saturday evening in each month at 119+ South High Street ; Order of United Commercial Travelers of America. College Fraternities.— Beta Theta Phi, Theta Delta Chapter. meets on Saturday evening ; Chi Phi, Iota Chapter, meets every Saturday evening ; Phi Delta Theta, Ohio Zeta Chapter, meets every Saturday evening at Number 94 Clinton Building ; Phi Gamma Delta. Epsilon Graduate Chapter, meets every Saturday evening in the Pioneer Block ; Omikron Deuteron Chapter meets every Saturday evening in the Pioneer Block ; Phi Kappa Psi, Ohio Delta Chapter, meets every Saturday evening in the Monypeny Block ; Sigma Chi, Alpha Gamma Chapter, meets every Saturday evening in the Thomas building. 780 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. Miscellaneous.— Board of Trade, Board of Trade Building, East Broad Street ; American Home Club, Room 23 Butler Block ; Camp Darby Fishing and Hunting Club, meets alternate Wednesdays at Number 571 South Third Street ; Columbus Club, southeast corner Fourth and Broad ; Columbus Art Association, Young Men's Christian Association Building ; Columbus Turnverein, meets first and third Tuesdays each month at the Turner Hall ; Columbus Clearing House Association, office in the Board of Trade Building ; Columbus Cycling Club, Number 46 West Gay Street ; Columbus Horticultural Society, meets on the last Saturday in each month in the Board of Trade Building; Columbus Lecture Course ; Columbus Troubadours, Banjo and Guitar Club, Room Number 80 Wesley Block ; Columbus Typothetae, meet on the third Thursday evening of each month at the State Journal Office ; Dramatic Club, meets every Tuesday evening at 355 ½ South High Street ; Railway Branch of the Young Men's Christian Association, Number 312 ½ North High Street; Sherman Gun Club, meets first Thursday evening of each month at Number 201 East Broad Street ; Ohio Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, meets annually on October 19 at the State Law Library ; Olentangy Club, meets on the first Friday of each month at the Wirthwein Hall ; Phoenix Club, meets in Germania Hall ; Prohibition Club, southeast corner of High and Long ; Pythian Club, second and fourth Fridays of each month, southeast corner of High and Long ; Thurman Club, Pioneer Building, first Tuesday of each month ; Union Exprisoners of War Association, first Tuesday evening of each month, McCoy Post Hall ; University Club, Number 201 East Broad Street ; Young Ladies Christian Temperance Union, southeast corner of High and Long ; Young Men's Christian Association, South Third Street, opposite the Capitol ; Young Men's Social Club (Jewish), Good Templars' Hall ; Exsoldiers' and Sailors' Association of Franklin County, first Thursday of each month, McCoy Post Hall ; Franklin County Pioneer Association, business meeting on the first Saturday in April, annual picnic at Franklin Park on the first Saturday in June; Retail Merchants' Protective Association, Rooms 1 and 4 at. Number 1051 South High Street ; Jackson Club meets every Tuesday evening in the Naughton Building ; Lincoln League, Number 26 South Third Street ; Northwood Club, Number 2,494 North High Street ; Office Men's Club meets second and fourth Saturday evenings in each month at Number 118 North High Street ; West Side Campbell Club meets every Thursday evening at the southwest corner of Broad and Mitchell streets. Benevolent Societies.—Altar Society, St. Patrick's Church, meets the fourth Sunday of each month at St. Patrick's School ; Baden Beneficial Society, meets first and third Friday of each month at northeast corner Fourth and Mound ; Benevolent Branch, Knights of St. Patrick, meets second Sunday of every month at Celtic Hall ; Bavarian Benevolent Society, meets first Thursday in each month at corner Frankfort and Third ; Benevolent Branch Father Mathew Total Abstinence Society, meets at Holy Family Church, third Friday evening in each month ; Boys' Temperance Cadet Corps, meets at St. Joseph's Cathedral every Sunday ; Catholic Ladies' Relief Society, meets at St. Joseph's Cathedral every Friday except the summer months ; Catholic Life Insurance Society, meets once a year, second Sunday in January, at Holy Cross School Hall ; Children of Mary Society, meets at St. Joseph's Cathedral every Sunday ; Christian Refuge Home and Maternity Hospital, 200 East Town ; Columbus Female Benevolent Society, meets first Wednesday in each month, chapel First Presbyterian Church ; Deutscher Krieger Verein, meets at corner Frankfort and Third ; Eintracht's Bund, Number 1, meets second and fourth Thursday in each month, at Wirthwein Hall, South High ; Evangelical Lutheran Trinity Church (German), meets first Tuesday evening in each month, corner Third and Fulton streets ; Elsass Lothringer Unterstutzungs Verein, corner Mound and Fourth ; First German Society, northeast corner Fourth and Mound ; Friendly Sons of Ireland, Celtic Hall ; Girls' Industrial Home, Number 64 South Fourth Street ; Father Mathew Cadets, Holy Family Church ; Father Mathew Cornet Band, Holy Family Church ; Father Mathew Total Abstinence Society, Benevolent Branch, Holy Family Church ; Hannah Neil Mission and Home for the Friendless, East Main Street ; Hare Orphans' Home, Woodland Avenue ; Hessian Beneficial Society, 142 East Town Street ; Holy Name Society, St. Patrick's Schoolhouse ; Ladies' Altar Society, St. Joseph's Cathedral ; Masonic Mutual Benefit Association, Number 231 ½ North High Street ; News Boys' Home, Number 153 North Fourth Street ; Odd Fellows' Beneficial Association. Number 198 South High Street ; Prussian Beneficial Society, Number 22 East Main Street ; Robert Emmet Association, corner Fourth and Chestnut streets; Swabian Beneficial Society, Frech's Hall ; St. Joseph's Total Abstinence Society ; St. Joseph's Mutual, corner Fourth and Chestnut streets ; St. Aloysius, Holy Cross School Hall ; St. Francis Xavier (German), St. Mary's School Hall ; St. John's Beneficial Society ; St. Martin's (German), Holy Cross School Hall ; St. Paul's Young Men's (German), Number 571 South Third Street ; Second German, Nnmber 451 South Third Street ; St. John's. Holy Cross School Hall ; St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum, Number 821 East Main Street ; St. Thomas Sodality, St. Patrick's School ; Sodality Children of Nary, Holy Family Church ; Sodality of Christian Mothers, Holy Family Church ; Sodality of Married Ladies, St. Patrick's School ; Sodality of Young Ladies, Holy Family Church ; Sons of St. ASSOCIATIVE ORGANIZATIONS, 1892 - 781 Joseph, Sessions Block; St. Vincent's Orphan Asylum, corner Rose Avenue and East Main Street ; Young Ladies' Sodality. St. Patrick's School. Nationalists. - Club Number 1 meets every Sunday evening in Knights of Labor Hall. on South Fourth Street. Trades Unions.—Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers Number 49, Number 1821 South Fourth Street ; Bakers' Union, Number 41, meets at same place; Bakers' Union Number 115, ditto ; Barbers' Union Number 42, Mystic Chain Hall ; Brewers' Union, Number 571 South Third Street ; Brick Makers' Protective Association, Number 1671 South High Street ; BHA Makers' Union Number 3,567, Number 221 East Main Street ; Building Trades' Council, Number 1741 North High Street; Carpenters' and Joiners' Union Number 61, Red Men's Hall ; Carpenters' and Joiners' Union Number 326, Number 1741 North High Streets ; Carpenters' and Joiners' Union Number 350, Red Men's Hall ; Carriage Workers' Union Number 5,239, Hellermann's Hall ; Cigar Makers' Union Number 75, Number 221 East Main Street ; Coach Lampmakers' Union. Number 118 North High Street ; Columbus Trades and Labor Assembly, Number 1821 South Fourth Street ; Employing Plasterers, meet every Thursday evening at Number 342 South High Street; Employing Stonemasons' meet every Monday evening at Number 342 South High Street ; Federal Labor Council, Number 1821 South Fourth Street ; Federal Labor Union Number 5,345, Number 1821 South Fourth Street ; Tinners' Union, Hellermann's Hall ; Furnituremakers' Union Number 42, Number 142 East Town Street ; Harness Makers' Union, Number 118 North High Street ; Hod Carriers' Union, Division Number 1, corner Fourth and Chestnut streets ; Iron Moulders' Beneficial Associations Number 98, Wirthwein Hall ; Iron Moulders' Union Number 39, Wirthwein Hall ; International Association of Machinists, Number 118 North High Street ; Journeyman Tailors' Union. Number 221 East Main Street ; Lathers' Union Number 5,182, Number 182 ½ South Fourth Street ; Lumber Handlers' and Teamsters' Union Number 5,271, Number 118 North High ; Machinists' Union, Buckeye Lodge, Number 55, Number 118 North High Street ; Mill Workers' Union Number 687, Number 118 North High Street ; Musicians' Protective Association, Number 273 South High Street ; Order of Railway Telegraphers, Number 118 North High Street ; Plasterers' Union Number 49, corner Mound and High streets; Painters' Union Number 166, corner Mound and Fourth streets; International Brotherhood of Brassworkers, Number 118 North High Street ; Tailors' Union Number 27, Number 221 East Main Street ; iron Moulders' Union of North America, Number 118 North High Street ; Iron and Steel Workers, Capital Lodge, Number 50, Number 118 North High Street ; Journeyman Plumbers' Union, Number 171 East Town Street ; Hod Carriers' Union Number 5,319, Central Markethouse ; Phoenix Local Assembly Number 2,960. Knights of Labor, Clinton Block ; Columbus Typographical Union Number 5, meets on the first Sunday in each month ; Columbus Lodge, Number 22, Switchmen's Mutual Aid Association, Number 118 North High Street ; Order of Railway Conductors, Hollingsworth Division, Number 100, Odd Fellows' Building ; Franklin Lodge, Number 9, Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, Number 801 North High Street ; Little Miami Division, Number 34, Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, Number 801 North High Street ; Columbus Lodge, Number 175, Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen, Number 1111 South High Street ; Painters' and Decorators' Union, Wirthwein Hall ; Plumbers' Union, Number 171 East Town Street ; Retail Clerks' Association, Number 171 East Town Street; Stonecutters' Union, Number 221 East Main Street ; Stationary Engineers' Union, Wirthwein Hall ; Stonemasons' International Union Number 2, Central Markethouse ; Teamsters' Union, Number 5,337, Wirthwein Hall ; Typographical Union, Number 5, Number 631 South High Street. Knights of Labor.—Columbus Assembly Number 5.416, meets at Number 3351 South High Street; .District Assembly Number 172, meets at 1821 South Fourth Street; Eureka Assembly (Watchmakers), Number 9,027; L. A., Number 2,520, meets at 1821 South Fourth Street ; National District Assembly Number 135, Clinton Block ; Phoenix Assembly Number 2,960, meets at Number 1821 South Fourth Street ; Scioto Assembly Number 6,202, Sessions Block. CHAPTER L. MUSIC AND THE DRAMA. An association of vocalists calling itself the Handel Society seems to have been the first musical organization in Columbus. We read of its participation in the celebration of Independence Day in the years 1821 and 1822, on which occasions, we are told, it acquitted itself with "a superior degree of elegance." How long the Handel Society continued we are not informed ; it was still in existence in 1830. Of military music in and about the borough, during the war of 1812, and the subsequent musterdays, we may fairly presume there was plenty, although its instrumental resources, doubtless, were usually limited to the fife and drum. Of theatrical entertainments the borough was entirely destitute, but we hear of its visitation by certain vagrant exhibitions for village entertainment at quite an early period. Under date of April 21, 1827, the arrival in Columbus of " Tippo Sultan, the Great Hunting Elephant," was thus advertised : The performances of Tippo Sultan, together with the dexterity and intrepidity of his keeper, produces a spectacle not only curious and diverting, but in some instances both interesting to the spectator and dangerous to the keeper. [The advertisement here describes some of the elephant's tricks and continues :] The Mammoth Lion, Tiger, Cat, Lynx, Shetland Pony, Dandy Jack, &c., &c. The above named animals will be seen at Mr. Russell's Tavern, Columbus, on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday, the 27th, 28th and 29th inst. The exhibition will be accompanied with good Music. Admittance 25 cents — children under 12 years of age half price. This is one of the first attempts at public entertainment made at the capital of Ohio. At night the "hunting elephant " was locked up in the tavern backyard where, during one of the nights of his sojourn, he broke loose, and for awhile amused himself by pumping water at the well. Finally he broke the pump-handle, and looking around for some new pastime spied two barrels of flour standing on the back porch. Breaking into these, he, for a while, ate flour and drank water alternately until he converted the residue of the flour into paste. Awakened by the noise, Mr. Russell descended and was received by the elephant with a fusillade of dough. Beating a retreat the discomfited host aroused the keeper of the frolicsome beast, who, after some effort, succeeded in getting him tied again. Under date of April 10, 1828, a " dramatic entertainment " was thus referred to : " To the performance of Mr. and Mrs. Harper on Monday and Tuesday evenings the tribute of praise is justly due. Mr. Powell was excellent in Tony Lumpkin in She Stoops to Conquer." This performance probably took place at the market-house, on State Street. On May 15, 1828, it was announced that Field & Purdy's " celebrated equestrian company " would arrive in the borough on the next day [782] MUSIC AND THE DRAMA - 783 or the day after. In October, 1828, C. Parker opened a school in sacred music at the Academy. A popular musicbook of that year was called the " Missouri Harmony." On May 6, 1830, the borough was startled by this announcement : On Monday and Tuesday, the 10th and 11th inst., will be exhibited on the common opposite Watson's Hotel, in Columbus, [where the Neil House now stands] the most extensive and diversified collection of foreign animals ever seen in the State. Among others are the Kangaroo from New Holland, Hyena from Ethiopia, Zebra from the Cape of Good Hope, African Lion. . . . [and] an ape with her young, which she yet nurses. At 11 o'clock A. M. and 4 P. M. each day the Keeper of the Asiatic Lion and Lioness will enter their respective cages! ! Immediately preceding which the Camels, Lamas, Ponies and Monkeys will be exercised in the ring. About the year 1832 theatrical performances began at Young's Coffeehouse under the management of Gilbert & Trowbridge. This place of entertainment was called the Eagle Theatre, and consisted of a room fitted up for the purpose with seats at one end of it rising one above another as high as the ceiling. The company played to" crowded houses." It comprised Mr. and Mrs. Gilbert, Mr. and Mrs. Trosbridge, William Barry, Mr. Marsh, Mr. J, Smith and Mr. William Delman. On June 24, 1830, it was announced that at this place would appear "the celebrated juvenile actress, Miss Lane," in "Is He Jealous" and a farce entitled "Winning a Husband." On July 12, 1830, this theatre was reopened, after an interval, with a " petit comedy called Blue Devils," after which, it was stated, Mr. A. Cohen would appear in " the popular bravura song, The glad trumpet sounds to victory ' " and " a comic chant called Push along, keep moving,' after which would follow " a fancy dance by Miss Stannard, several favorite songs by Mr. and Mrs. Kinloch," and " a new farce entitled 12 Precisely, or a Night at Dover, in which Miss Lane would perform in five different characters. A traveling menagerie, the proprietorship of which does not appear, gave exhibitions in Columbus on October 21 and 22, 1831. Among its attractions were a "unicorn or rhinoceros," two royal Bengal tigars, two leopards, a lynx from Japan, a pair of ocelots from California, a " romopo from the East Indies, similar to the hyena," two panthers from the Rocky Mountains, a cougar and a condor from South America, and " monkeys in great variety." The Siamese Twins visited the borough in 1833, and gave seances at the National Hotel. A current newspaper account of- them stated: "Although rather small in stature they appear to enjoy. excellent health, and their countenances and movements indicate much shrewdness and animation." The Franklin Harmonic Society was organized on February 2, 1833, with Rufus Beach as president ; object, " improvement of the vocal and instrumental music." Of this society A. C. Findlay, H. H. Gridley, Isaac Dalton and John T. Spear were trustees and Eli Stone secretary. S. Butler & Company's menagerie visited the borough in May, 1834. Its leading attraction was " the great hunting or war elephant, Hannibal." Raymond & Ogden's menagerie followed in August of the same year. " Columbus Jockey Club races," to be " free only for colts owned by citizens," and to be " governed by the rules of the Baltimore Central Course," were announced for October. The first circus to visit Columbus was probably an English one called Pippin's. It pitched its tents on the common just east of Heyl's Tavern on South High Street. The exact date of its arrival cannot now be fixed ; the year seems to have been 1833 or 1834. In 1835 " Brown's Mammoth Arena Circus" gave exhibitions on July 2 and 3. Among its proprietors was Samuel Stickney who was the Barnum of the showmen of that period. Charles Rockwell, another proprietor, is described as a very handsome man, who had the misfortune to attract the admiration of sentimental young ladies to such a degree as to become, on some occasions, an annoyance. One of these enthusiasts who had become particularly 784 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. obtrusive he rebuffed by telling her that if she had fallen in love with his wardrobe he would present it to her. Among the performers in this circus was Charles Shay, a celebrated juggler ; a daring " bareback rider named Charles Rogers, and Ricardo, a popular clown. About this time the Blanchard family of circus performers erected a wooden. building on the northwest corner of the Capitol Square, and gave exhibitions during the winter. The first building in Columbus intended especially for a theatre, was erected by a jointstock company in 1835. It was built of wood, and stood on the present site of the foster Block on North High Street. An enthusiastic newspaper reporter, writing in November, 1835, said of it : The building for the theatre is already considerably advanced towards completion. It will be quite a massive and. splendid pile — measuring fifty feet in front, on High Street (north of Broad), one hundred feet in depth, and thirty feet in height, clear of the roof. . . . On an inspection of the interior, the space allotted to the stage appears to occupy onehalf of the building, with dressing rooms attached. The audience part will consist of a pit, two tiers of Boxes, with a Saloon in the rear. This establishment took the name of Columbus Theatre, and was opened in December, 1835, by Messrs. [Edwin] Dean and McKinney, managers of the Eagle Street Theatre, at Buffalo, New York. A silver cup valued at fifty dollars was offered as a prize for the best address to be spoken at the opening. This prize was won by Mr. Otway Curry. Another cup valued at twentyfive dollars, offered by Mr. John Young, of the Eagle Coffeehouse, as a prize for the second best address was taken by Mr. James Kilbourn. A communication to the author by John M. Kerr, who was one of the stockholders of this theatre, contains the following interesting reminiscences of its earlier performers: The first company of the old theatre consisted of Mr. and Mrs. Dean and their daughter Julia, Mr. Charles Webb as leading man or tragedian, Mr. Trowbridge, Mrs. Trowbridge as leading actress, Mr. and Mrs. Gilbert, Mr. and Mrs. Lennox, Mr. and Mrs. Parker, Mr. Joseph Proctor, Mr. Marsh, Miss Honey, Mr. and Mrs. Forrest and Mr. William Barry as comedians, and Mr. Charles Denman. Mrs. Trowbridge became a great favorite in this city ; so admired was she that a purse was made up and a celebrated New York artist was employed to paint her life size portrait in the character of "The Wife." Mr. Charles Webb, in the character of " The Stranger " was never excelled. I heard the great English tragedian, Macready, say that he was the best actor on the American boards. But alas, where are the members of that fine dramatic company now They have nearly all made their final exit from the stage of life. I know of but two survivors out of the entire list. I met William Barry in San Francisco in 1861, looking as young as ever. He was then playing at McGuire's Opera House, in that city. Mr. Joseph Proctor resides in Philadelphia. He was lately still playing there his favorite character of " Jibonanesy " in Nick of the Woods. Julia Dean Hayne, who became a brilliant star, I last saw in San Francisco. . . . In 1841, when the old theatre finally closed, Mr. John Leslie, its stage painter, took with him to Cincinnati much of its fine scenery. In 1843 the building was .purchased by M. J. Gilbert, who remodeled it, and for a time it was known as the City Hall. Afterwards it was cut in two and its front part was removed by Mr. Gilbert to a point near Gay Street, where it was fitted up for a dwelling. The last occupant of its stage part was William G. Wiatt, who used it as a billiard saloon. Among the most popular plays at the old Columbus Theatre were St. George and the Dragon, Mazeppa and Cataract of the Ganges. A trained horse of great value, used in the play of Mazeppa, took sick and died while en route to Cincinnati to take part in an engagement in that city. In lieu of the lost animal, one of Mr. Kerr's horses was trained for the play and performed its part admirably. A companion to this horse became equally' expert in the play of The Ganges. The Mazeppa animal was billed as " the wild horse of Tartary," A famous and popular danseuse of the Columbus Theatre, who made her advent in 1837, was Miss Honey. Her most piquant dances were frequently followed by a shower of silver " quarters " thrown upon the stage by her admirers, MUSIC AND THE DRAMA - 785 Miss Honey had also considerable talent as an actress, and in whatever part she took evoked applause. The theatrical performances of the thirties usually began with a comedy and ended with a farce. The season at the Columbus theatre was opened on December 7, 1837, with the following programme which may be taken as a sample : Kotzebue's Celebrated play of The Stranger. Cast : The Stranger, Mr. Kelsey ; Baron Steinfurt, Mr. Lennox ; Count Wintersen, Mr. Duffy; Francis, Mr, Burton; Tobias, Mr. Trowbridge ; Solomon, Mr. Dean ; Peter, Mr. Forrest ; Airs. Haller, Mrs. Trowbridge ; Countess, Mrs. Dean ; Charlotte, Mrs. Forrest. After the play, a song by Mr. Lennox. To conclude with the laughable farce of the Two Gregories. In June, 1837, a "grand vocal and instrumental concert" by "Miss DeBarr, from New York and New Orleans" was announced. This seems to have been one of the earliest of its kind. An example of the cheap sensational " shows " then current will be found in the following advertisement of August 12, 1837 : Mr. O'Connell, the Tattooed Man and Adventurer who was shipwrecked and resided on the islands of the Pacific for several years, will give an account of his wonderful adventures, and exhibit the War Dance and Curiosities of those countries. . . . Mr. O'Connell is termed in the Eastern prints the Modern Robinson Crusoe. On July 3 and 4, 1837, an exhibition of wax figures, accompanied by comic Ethiopian vocalism, took place " on Colonel Noble's lot, east of the Presbyterian Church." Among the plays performed in the Columbus Theatre in 1838 were Macbeth, Cherry and Fair Star, Innkeeper's Daughter, Gipsy's Revenge, Maiden's Vow, The Wife, .Pizarro, Fazio, Hunchback, Wrecker's Daughter, Evadne, Taming of the Shrew and Faust. On the performance of the latter in January, 1838, the following comment was made: This drama, which was performed for the first time in this city on Monday evening, is beyond all question the most splendid and perfect spectacle ever produced in any theatre in this country ; and it is a matter of much doubt whether it was ever produced at any one of the eastern cities with greater splendor, beauty and magnificence, The scenery, as produced at this theatre, is entirely new, and painted by Mr. John Leslie, who, as an artist, is unsurpassed by anyone of his profession in the United States. The city of Venice, the second scene in Faustus, as a piece of painting is in itself a work of surpassing excellence, and unequaled by anything ever exhibited, to say the least in this western country. No idea can be given in a mere statement of this kind of the enchanting effect produced on the mind by the beautiful and sudden change from the first scene, a rich and gorgeous view of the Drachenfels at sunset, to the view of the city of Venice above alluded to. . . . The character of Faustus is remarkably well conceived and sustained by Mr. Lennox. Mrs. [Martha M.] Trowbridge as Adine — the mind expands and the very soul thrills with emotion at the bare recollection. .. . We doubt whether this representation of Mrs. T. can be excelled by any actress living. Commenting upon the play of Macbeth at this theatre another critic wrote : Of the performance of Mrs. Trowbridge, as Lady Macbeth, we are exceedingly proud. We are proud of it became we claim her, at least by adoption, as one of the daughters of Ohio. Her success was, if possible, beyond what her fine intellectual powers and histrionic skill had led us to anticipate. In the invocation, " Come, come you spirits That tend on mortal thoughts,” her peculiar, her own intonation of voice, and her blended sternness and solemnity of manner were strikingly effective. 50 * 786 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. On May 22, 1838, the Franklin Harmonic Society gave a concert at the Protestant Episcopal Church, and during the same month and year the Columbus Band made its advent. This seems to have been one of the earliest local organizations using brass instruments. Fogg & Stickney's Circus, formerly Brown's, visited Columbus in August, Waring's in May.' In December, 1839, the Columbus Theatre was opened for the season under the management of Mr. Kent. Among the ladies and gentlemen comprising his stock company were Mesdames Kent, Martha M. Trowbridge, Altimus and Burton, Miss Ritter and Messrs. W. Kent. McCrum, _Delman, Altimus, Lathrop, Winans, J. Smith and R. H. Harris. The opening play of the season was The Stranger. At the close of the season the manager and the leading actors and actresses took benefits, as was in those days the custom. In 1839 and 1840 several concerts of the better class were given in the dining hall of the American House, which seems to have been at that time the most available place for such a purpose. Charles H. Eaton, a tragedian of considerable fame, filled an engagement in Shakespearean parts at the Columbus Theatre in 1839. His debut Was made as Duke of Gloster. He and Charles Webb achieved great success as Damon and Pythias. A. A. Adams, a tragedian of contemporary fame, appeared during the same season as Virginius and Hamlet. In the latter part he was declared to be second only to Booth. The leading lady in the Eaton and Adams plays was Mrs. Martha M. Trowbridge. Mr. Job B. Mills, a young actor of Franklin County citizenship, became conspicuous on the Columbus stage in 1840. Among the more important plays of that year were She Stoops to Conquer, Hunchback, The Wife, Maid of the Hi11, Pizarro, Hamlet and Youthful Brigand. In January, 1841, Messrs. Parker and Leslie, managers of the Columbus Theatre, put upon their stage a spectacular play called Aladdin. Its scenic splendors were rapturously described by the dramatic reporters of the period. Among the more toted actors on the Columbus stage in 1841 were Miss Mary Duff, Mr. J. W. Wallack, Mr. F. A. Forrester and Mr. J. B. Mills. Miss Honey continued to dance her way into public favor all through the season. Towards the end of 1841 the Columbus Theatre seems to have degenerated both financially and morally, and its evil influence upon the young people of the city, resulting particularly from its " bar " for the sale of intoxicants was loudly complained of. As the theatre declined, concerts and small shows multiplied. Waring & Raymond's menagerie and circus visited the city in August, 1842. Hopkins & Company's menagerie exhibited some novel performances with wild beasts in October, 1843. Signor Blitz, the wonderful magician, gave some performances of his " black art " at the City Hall in 1844. Christy's Minstrels came in December of that year. On January 2, 1845, the Columbus Sacred Music Society was organized at the old United States Courthouse. The managers appointed were Messrs. Whitworth, Shepherd, Hand, Chapin and Howard. At the meeting for organization Governor Bartley presided. The society gave its first concert at Trinity Church, June 19. On February 2, 1845, a concert was given at the Clay Club House by the German Glee Club. During the same month and year the city was visited by the noted dwarf, " General Tom Thumb." The Swiss Bellringers made their appearance in May. G. R. Spalding's Circus, one of the finest concerns of the kind then traveling, gave an exhibition on August 25. On June 6, 1845, a concert was given at the Neil House by the famous Scandinavian violinist, Ole Bull. He was assisted by Messrs. Duffield and Machold. Spencer's Ethiopian Minstrels gave a performance at the Clay Club Hall on January 3, 1846 ; in June of the same year the city was visited by June & Turner's Circus. Raymond & Waring's Grand Zoological Exhibition, of which Herr Dresbach, the famous liontamer, was a leading attraction, exhibited on May 1 ; S. 0. Stickney's Circus on July 31, and Welch, Mann & Delavan's Circus on August 11 and 12, same year. Delavan, it is said, MUSIC AND THE DRAMA - 787 had, before this time, brought to Columbus the first living giraffe ever seen in the city. It was exhibited in the back yard of Russell's Globe Inn. Rockwell & Stone's Circus gave an exhibition on the Rich Street " showground" in November. Spalding's, Welch & Delavan's, 2 Howe & Company's and Rockwell & Company's circuses all came in 1847. On August 16 of that year Raymond & Waring exhibited their menagerie, including Herr Dresbach's cages of trained lions. The crowd in attendance was larger than had ever before been witnessed in the city on any similar occasion. On September 14, 1847, an exhibition of fireworks — the first in Columbus that we read of— was given on the Capitol Square. Its manager was S. B. Barnaby. The Alleghanians, a famous concert troupe of that day, gave a vocal concert at the Second Presbyterian Church December 7. On December 30, 1817, theatrical performances were resumed in the city. The manager was Thomas F. Lennox, of the old Columbus Theatre ; the place, Neil's New Hall, just south of the Neil House. The opening play was " Cherry's comedy, The Soldier's Daughter." A fire in the theatre on February 10, 1848, seems to have put an end to the performances for the time being. On June 29, 1848, P. T. Barnum made his ,advent in Columbus at the head of his " Grand Traveling Exhibition," one of the principal attractions of which was advertised as a " Gorgeous Funeral Pageant, Funeral of Napoleon." The bills announced that every person connected with the exhibition was a "teetotaler." Barnum pitched his tents on the State Street "show ground" which included the site of the present National Government building. The grounding of a canalboat caused a postponement of the opening performance. In September, 1848, an association of amateurs was organized under the name of Columbus Barracks Band. The year 1848 seems to have been a good one for traveling circuses; all the most noted ones visited Columbus in the course of the season. Theatrical performances began at Concert Hall December 14; opening play, Evadne, with Mrs. John S. Potter in the title role. Mr. Charles Webb as Othello was announced for December 15. Twelve Chippewa Indians, en route from La Pointe, Michigan, to Washington, gave an exhibition at Mechanics' Hall, December 11. Raymond & Company's Menagerie, including a live rhinoceros and accompanied by Herr Dresbach, " emperor of all the lions," exhibited on April 19, 1849. Williamson's Diorama of the Bombardment of Vera Cruz was one of the amusement events of the same month and year. On November 15, 1849, appeared in the Ohio Statesman the following card which is in several ways significant : Theatre: Concert Hall, Statesman Building. Decker & Sargent, Managers. A Card—The managers feeling satisfied that the ladies are in favor of moral, innocent and intellectual Theatrical representations, and nothing but the dread of having their feelings wounded and their sensibilities shocked by low and vulgar witticisms, too often allowed at such places, has hitherto deterred many from visiting public exhibitions, would take this opportunity to ASSURE the Ladies especially, that nothing in the least degree demoralizing, or that can in any way offend the most sensitive mind, will be allowed in their theatre. An efficient police have been engaged to ENFORCE order, if necessary. On December 3, 1849, a " German concert," said to have been " one of the most elegant musical entertainments ever given in the city," took place at Mechanics' Hall. The concerts, panoramas and like entertainments of this period were very numerous. Signor Blitz reappeared with his magic on ;March 21, 1.850. In musical matters the turning of the meridian of the century was also the turning of a new leaf. On August 21, 1850, the "Swedish Nightingale," Jenny Lind, accompanied by her two professional companions, Messrs. Benedict and Belletti, sailed from Liverpool in the steamer Atlantic. She was under engagement with Mr. P. T. Barnum for an American tour, and was met and welcomed by him as she landed on September 1 at New York. She was also greeted by thousands 788 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. o f enthusiastic Americans who crowded the neighboring roofs, streets and shipping as she stepped upon the wharf. In driving to her hotel accompanied by Mr. Barnum, she passed under two beautiful arches twined with green boughs an d inscribed, Welcome, Jenny Lind ; Welcome to America.' Within ten minutes after her arrival at the Irving House, ten thousand people had collected around its Broadway entrance. During the ensuing evening she was serenaded at the hotel by the New York Musical Fund Society, of two hundred musicians, in the presence of twenty thousand people. So persistent were the calls for her that Mr. Barnum was obliged to present her to the multitude. The excitement and enthusiasm in New York were contagious, and spread all over the country. Jenny Lind garments of all kinds were worn, Jenny Lind poetry and incidents crowded the newspapers, and Jenny Lind songs were in everybody's mouth. Wherever the admired songstress moved she was surrounded by enthusiastic multitudes. On September 11 her first American concert took place at Castle Garden. The tickets had been sold at auction some days before ; the first one offered brought $250. The great auditorium was crowded in every part, and the reception given to Jenny Lind as she was led forward and presented by Mr. Benedict was unprecedented. Few of the great of earth have ever received anything like such a compliment. It was a magnificent tribute to personal and artistic worth. Expectation had been raised to its highest pitch, yet was disappointed only in being surpassed. At the close of the concert Mr. Barnum announced that its entire proceeds would be devoted to charitable objects. This met the audience wild, and, together with many subsequent incidents of like character, won the hearts of the American people. In Washington City the Jenny Lind concerts were attended by all the principal dignitaries of the government, from President Fillmore down. At the opening of one of the parts Jenny Lind sang Hail, Columbia, and so thrilled was Daniel Webster, who was present, with the notes of the grand anthem, that at the close of the first verse, he rose, we are told, and involuntarily joined with his deep sonorous voice in the chorus. Mrs. Webster, who sat immediately behind him, " kept tugging at his coattail to make him sit down or stop singing, but it was of no earthly use." At the close of each verse the Massachusetts statesman joined in, and " it was difficult to say whether Jenny Lind, Webster or the audience was the most delighted." Early in 1851 efforts were made to induce Jenny Lind to give one concert in Columbus. On April 14 these endeavors were rewarded by the following assurance from Cincinnati, to R. E. Neil : Jenny Lind will give a concert at Columbus July 4. Owing to prior engagements our offer of $10,000 would not induce Barnum to come until then.—A. Reed. On April 14 all the expectations raised by this dispatch were dashed to pieces by the following from Mr. Barnum : Please say there is no probability of Jenny Lind ever singing in Columbus or any of the lake cities, all reports to the contrary notwithstanding. Strong inducements are offered us to go to London on the first of June. Nevertheless, an engagement for the coveted concert was finally concluded and on November 1, 1851, the following announcement was made : Mademoiselle Jenny Lind will have the honor to give a Grand Concert in the City of Columbus on Tuesday evening, November 4, 1851, assisted by Signor Salvi, Signor E. Belletti, Mr. Joseph Burke. Conductor, Mr. Otto Goldschmidt. Particulars hereafter. MUSIC AND THE DRAMA - 789 The place chosen for the concert was the Odeon Hall. The tickets were limited in number, so that each purchaser might be sure of a seat, and were sold at four, three and two dollars according to location. The sale was made by an authorized agent. Before noon of November 3 all the places were taken. The programme opened with a clarionette fantasy by Belletti on themes from The Daughter of the Regiment. Next came an aria by Salvi from Auber's Massaniello after which Jenny Lind appeared and sang the air Come unto Him, from Handel's Messiah, which was accompanied by a violin obligato by Mr. Joseph Burke. The second part of the concert opened with violin variations by Mr. Burke on one of Schubert's melodies, after which Jenny Lind sang a cavatina from Meyerbeer's Robert le Diable. Salvi followed this with an aria from Donizetti's La Favorite, after which Jenny Lind sang her famous " Bird Song," by Taubert. Her concluding songs, after another clarionette fantasy by Belletti — from Bohemian Girl - were John Anderson My Jo, and Comin' Through the Rye. At the same place, on Wednesday evening, November 5, a second concert took place, which Mr. Joseph Burke opened with a violin fantasy on themes from Bellini, followed by Salvi with an aria from Donizetti, after which Jenny Lind sang the air, On Mighty Pinions, from Haydn's Creation. A piano fantasy on themes from Massaniello, by Mr. Goldschmidt, next followed, after which the aria Casta Diva, from Norma, sung by Jenny Lind, closed the first part of the concert. The second part opened with a clarionette fantasy by Belletti, on themes from Lucretia Borgia, followed by the Gypsy Song from Meyerbeer's Camp in Silesia, by Jenny Lind. The next two pieces were a cavatina by Salvi, from Lammermoor, and a piano fantasy by Mr. Goldschmidt, on American melodies, after which Jenny Lind sang Auld Robin Gray, followed by a violin caprice by Mr. Burke on one of Beethoven's melodies. The performance closed with Home, Sweet Home, and a Norwegian Echo Song sung by Jenny Lind. As to the musical qualities of these concerts, and the manner in which they were received, about all the information we have from print is the following from the Ohio State Journal We are sure we speak the general voice of those who had the pleasure of hearing her [Jenny Lind] when we say she fully equaled the expectations of her audience. The first concert was given Tuesday night. . . . It was the most brilliant, best dressed [the dress of the audience was, of course, a matter of the first importance], and best looking house we have ever seen in Columbus. . . . At the appointed hour Jenny Lind appeared on the stage, and was greeted with that hearty and general applause which bespoke their appreciation of her high character as an artist and a woman. Her appearance was very attractive. Those who know her will say she has a bad looking nose [another important fact] but nobody ever notices this when she is on the stage. [The able reporter, however, noticed it.] . . . Of her singing we have little to say. [Of course not ; after the clothes of the audience and the nose of the songstress had been " noticed " there was not much left to say.] It was magnificent, far surpassing that of any artist that ever before visited Columbus. . .. The Bird Song, John Anderson My Jo and Coming Through the Rye were the gems of the evening, and they were all of them gems of the first water. . . . The animation, the birdlike notes that were uttered, the rapid transition from the bottom to the top of the scale [in the Bird Song], and the exceeding purity of tone and correctness of every note were truly astonishing and carried away the audience in a perfect storm of applause that only ceased by her reappearance on the stage. We noticed that she enunciated the words of the English songs very distinctly. . . . The large collection in front of the public offices, and opposite the Odeon, appeared to enjoy the singing exceedingly, and had the good taste to cheer just at the right time. We are informed that about one thousand persons, a large number of whom were females, occupied the streets and sidewalks in the vicinity of the Hall. . . Last night [November 5] Jenny Lind gave her farewell concert here. The evening was unfavorable, but the house was welt filled. The performance throughout was most acceptable. Jenny never sang better. Her Auld Robin Gray drew tears from many eyes. The Herdsman's Song was the last and best. The dying melodies of her voice will linger in many ears as a thing of joy to be remembered for life. . .. When Burke was encored in one of his fine pieces of melody on Wednesday evening he played the Last Rose of Summer in the most beautiful style we 790 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. have ever heard a piece of music performed. The large house was silent so that every sound of its sweet and pure melody could be heard. From the proceeds of this second concert Jenny Lind donated the sum of fifteen hundred dollars to the Capital University. 3 At the Odeon, in 1851, Mrs. Seguin gave a concert on June 23 and Mademoiselle Teresa Parodi, assisted by Maurice. Strakosch, gave one on Juno 30, which was repeated July 1. On August 9, same year and place, a " grand lyric entertainment" was given by Madame Anna, Bishop. This performance consisted of au operatic 'scene from Donizetti. Dan Rice's circus, very notable at that time, visited the city in September. The fourth festival of the North American Sängerbund was held at Stewart's Grove June 4 and 5, 1852. On Saturday, June 5, the musical society marched in parade and gave an evening concert at Neil's New Hall. The programme of this concert as printed in the newspapers, was as follows : 1, Overture by Machold & Goodman's Band ; 2, Welcome, Columbus Man nerchor ; 3, Singers' Banner Song, entire Chor ; 4, Bell Sounds, Cincinnati Sängerbund ; 5, The Singer, Cincinnati Liedertafel ; 6, The Chapel, entire Chor. Part II : 1, Potpourri, by the various bands ; 2, Hearken, My People, entire Chor ; 3, The Three Loveliest Life Flowers, Dayton Sängerbund; 4, The Hunter, Columbus Männerchor ; 5, The Singer's Joys, Louisville Liederkranz ; 6, Waltz, entire Chor. At the Grove on June 7, gymnastic exercises took place and speeches were made by Messrs. Reinhard, Neil, Dennison, and Galloway. In the evening a banquet and ball, preceded by a parade, took place at the City Hall. On November 19, 1852, a "farewell concert" by Ole Bull, under direction of Maurice Strakosch, took place at Neil's Hall. The most interesting incident connected with this concert was the appearance in it— first appearance in Columbus — of Adelina Patti, then a child of eight years. The pieces assigned to her were Happy Birdling of the Forest, the rondo finale from La Sonnambula, Comin' Through the Rye and Jenny Lind's Echo Song. Tickets for this concert were sold at one dollar each. The performances elicited the following newspaper comments :4 Since the glorious concerts of Jenny Lind we have had nothing that will compare with the concert at the New Hall on Friday evening. The room was densely filled at an early hour. . . . Of Strakosch we have had occasion to speak heretofore. We regard him as the most brilliant and accomplished pianist that ever visited Columbus. . . . Little Adelina Patti is a gem. We had read what we thought extravagant praises of her genius and skill, but before the evening was spent we were forced to confess that they were no more than just. Of course a little girl eight years old can not have the power of Jenny Lind or Parodi, but the skill and grace of her execution were astonishing. She would run up and down the scale, touching notes on the road with a clearness and purity of tone that were truly astonishing. Coming Through the Rye was sung with great beauty. The peculiar wavy, graceful and arch tone which Jenny Lind gave this rare Scotch song was perfectly imitated by little Adelina. The Echo Song was beautifully executed. She is a prodigy, and bids fair to be a star of the first magnitude. Ole Bull equaled the expectation of the audience in every respect. Physically he is a fine specimen of a man. His tall yet well developed and graceful form and pleasing countenance gain him good will at the start. Of his music it is folly for us to write.. . . It is impossible to conceive a more perfect command over that instrument [violin] than he possesses. The wonderful power of playing three or four distinct parts at the same time he has beyond all other living men. The rapidity of execution, the liquid melody of tones, &c., were matters of admiration to the large and attentive audience. Of course from such a report as this very little idea can be obtained of Ole Bull's wonderful music. The report has historical value only as an indication of the impressions which that music made. A second concert by Ole Bull and the child Patti was given at Neil's Hall on December 21, 1852, and, we are told, was MUSIC AND THE DRAMA - 791 " well attended." The pieces assigned to Patti in this concert were the grand aria in Verdi's Ernani, Home Sweet Home, an English ballad, Trip ! Trip ! Trip and Jenny Lind's Echo Song. Ole Bull played variations on Bellini's Romeo and Juliet, a caprice, and the Carnival at Venice. The Ohio Statesman said of this concert : The audience went into ecstacies over every part of the entertainment. Strakosch was listened to with delight, and la petite Patti was rapturously encored at the conclusion of each of her beautiful songs. She is certainly the greatest little wonder in the musical world. . . . By request, Ole Bull played the sweetest of all his productions — the Mother's Prayer. In our opinion it was the gem of the evening and brought tears to the eye of manhood in every part of the house. In 1853 the city was visited by the Swiss Bellringers, Burke's Pantomime, the Ossian E Dodge concert troupe and Rivers's Circus. During the performances of the latter on July 4 a large number of seats fell, severely injuring several persons. A small theatre called Walcutt's Museum was opened in December under the management of A. McFarland. W. S. Forrest, F. Kent, J. B. Hackett and J. H. Jenkins played there with considerable success. A very popular song of this year was the touching and musically beautiful Irish melody known as Katy Darling, the simple and artless words of which, as illustrating the musical taste and spirit of the period, are here reproduced: " Oh they tell me thou art dead, Katy darling, That thy smile I may nevermore behold ! Did they tell thee I was false, Katy darling, Or my love for thee had e'er grown cold ? Oh, they know not the loving of the hearts of Erin's sons When a love like to thine, Katy darling, Is the goal to the race that he runs. Oh hear me, sweet Katy, For the wild flowers greet me, Katy darling, And the lovebirds are singing on each tree ; Wilt thou nevermore hear rue, Katy darling ? Behold, love, I'm waiting for thee. “I'm kneeling by the grave, Katy darling! This world is all a blank world to me ! Oh could'st thou hear my wailing, Katy darling, Or think, love, I'm sighing for thee ! Oh, methinks the stars are weeping, by their soft and lambent light ; And thy heart would be melting, Katy darling, Could'st thou see thy lone Dermot this night. Oh, listen sweet Katy ! For the wild flowers are weeping, Katy darling, And the lovebirds are nestling in each tree; Wilt thou nevermore hear me, Katy darling, Or know, love, I'm weeping for thee ! “'Tis useless, all my weeping, Katy darling ! But I'll pray that thy spirit be my guide, And that when my life is spent, Katy darling, They will lay me down to rest by thy side ; Oh, a huge, great grief I'm bearing, though I scarce can heave a sigh, And I'll ever be dreaming, Katy darling, Of thy love every day till I die. Farewell, then, sweet Katy ! For the wild flowers will blossom, Katy darling. And the lovebirds will warble in each tree, But in heaven I shall meet thee, Katy darling, For there, love, thour't waiting for me." 792 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. A companion song to this, very popular though less charming in music or sentiment, was that known as Lily Dale. In December 14, 1853, a third concert by Ole Bull and Patti, under leadership of Maurice Strakosch, took place at Walcutt's Hall. Patti sang a cavatina from Verdi's Ernani, Comin' Through the Rye and Jenny Lind's Echo Song. Walcutt's Museum, at this time known as the People's Theatre, opened with a new company on January 30, 1854. A concert by M. Jullien and Anna Zerr was given at Neil's. Hall April 27. On December 4 a " grand musical festival " was given at Neil's Hall by Ole Bull, assisted by Maurice and Max Strakosch and others, under leadership of Max Maretzek. The city was at this time in very sad need of an auditorium suitable for concerts and theatrical performances. The. Ambos Hall was used for such purposes in the winter of 1849-50. Various projects for the erection of a new theatre were discussed during the year 1849; finally, in May, 1855, a lot 624 x 1874 feet, owned by Robert Neil, and described as being adjacent to the residence of Robert McCoy on State Street opposite the Capitol, was bought for the purpose of erecting a theatre by Kinney, Burrell & Co. The price paid was $8,000. A theatre which took the name Dramatic Temple was built on this ground during the spring and summer of 1855 and was opened with its initial performance on the twelfth of the ensuing September. Its architect was N. E. Lovejoy, its superintendent of construction J. Boswell, its seating capacity 1,500. John M. Kinney was its general manager and W. S. Forrest its stage manager. The play at its opening was a comedy entitled Honeymoon, which was followed by a farce called State Secrets. The members of the stock company engaged for the season were Mesdames Deering, Powell, Hanchett and Hogan, Misses Deering, Armstrong, Duncan, Jerome and Fouks, Messrs. D. Hanchett, W. L. Forrest. F. L. Kent, D. Vandeering, H. Gosson, D. Healey, G. A. Pratt, M. Deering, C. Lovett, R. E. Miles, C. W. Powell, A. H. Seaman and B. Castleton, and " the much admired and fascinating danseuse, La Belle Oceana." The dropcurtain of the stage, painted by S. W. Gulich, was much admired. In the presence of a full house the opening performance began with the Star Spangled Banner, sung by the entire dramatic corps. Miss Deering, who appeared as the Goddess of Liberty in the singing, next read a poetical opening address written by a member of the Columbus bar.' In the first lines of this address the purposes of the new dramatic enterprise were thus sketched : " Friends of the stage! we greet you here tonight ! With hearty hopes, and with predictions bright! You will not fail to lend a gen'rous aid, Our purpose known, our objects fairly weighed. What is it then, that, cheered by your kind smile, We hope to do? To win the 'need of toil ; To turn awhile from Labor's wearing round To sparkling wit and Music's gladsome sound ; To take from Trade its brow of moody care, And set the grace of kinder feeling there ; To Fashion's votaries show a nobler life Than that they waste in Splendor's heartless strife ; To teach e'en Beauty how supreme a grace Is lent by Fancy to the loveliest face ; The proud to humble and the low to raise By bright example of the hero days ; Not one fresh virtue of the soul to blight, While vice turns fearful from the appalling sight Of his fell image, dark as hell and night," MUSIC AND THE DRAMA - 793 A tragedy entitled Airdvoirlich, written by Hon. R. B. Warden, was performed at the Dramatic Temple on December 12, 1855, for the benefit of Mr. Hanchett. The reception of this play is said to have been cordial and its success gratifying. Its leading character is smitten with a terrible fancy that he is " cursed with the gift of second sight." After its first representation the play was materially changed by its author and was performed on two additional occasions at the Dramatic Temple. On December 13, 1855, a grand concert was given at Neil's Hall by Mademoiselle Teresa Parodi. Miss Matilda Heron filled an engagement at the Dramatic Temple early in 1856. Mrs. Macready, an English actress, and Mademoiselle Camille Urso, a famous violinist, gave an entertainment on January 6, same year, at Neil's Hall. Mrs. Duffield, nee Wemyss, appeared at the Dramatic Temple as Parthenia in Ingomar on January 26; at the same place on February 4 Julia Dean Rayne — the Julia Dean of the old Columbus Theatre — appeared in The Hunchback: Ole Bull gave another concert in Columbus on February 15. Miss Maggie Mitchell filled an engagement at the Dramatic Temple in June and July. Miss Caroline Richings appeared in concert at Columbian Hall on August 25. Hanchett & Duffield became lessees of the Columbus Theatre [Dramatic Temple] in the course of the year. In March, 1856, the Columbus Beethoven Association was organized. Its purpose was stated to be to improve the popular musical taste and to exterminate " the Uncle-Ned and Oh Susanah sort of music." On December 14, 1856, the Ohio Statesman announced that the Columbus Theatre had " deceased." Gradually, said the Statesman," it sunk lower and lower until last week when it was thought that equestrian exercise [the play of Dick Turpin in which a trick horse was introduced] might resuscitate it. No, it was too far gone." The Statesman broadly intimates that the institution owed its misfortunes chiefly to gift concerts and plays in the nature of lotteries. In January, it was reopened by Broderick & Oakley as lessees, with Thomas Oakley as manager. A few weeks later the concern was advertised to be sold on March 25 by the sheriff. In 1857, S. Thalberg — M. Strakosch director — gave a concert at Neil's Hall; at the same place, on May 27, a like performance was given by Madame Anna de la Grange. On December 19, same year, the Thalia Verein performed Von Weber's opera, Preciosa, at Carpenter's Hall. The Mannerchor took part and Professor Nothagel led the orchestra, which was that of the Beethoven Association. On December 25, 1857. the Columbus Theatre passed under the proprietorship and management of Elisler & Vincent. C. W. Couldock, in Shakespearean parts, occupied its stage in January ; its principal star in February was Miss Matilda Heron. On May 22, same year, a musical entertainment was given at the Concert Hall by Sigismund Thalberg and Henry Vieuxtemps Maggie Mitchell, who was a great favorite, returned in June. During the summer of this year, and several subsequent ones, open air concerts were given on the Capitol Square by Goodman's Band, which had been organized some years previously. McKean Buchanan closed an engagement at the .theatre in May ; soon after this we hear that the establishment had again fallen into financial trouble. Karl Formes's troupe and orchestra appeared at Concert Hall on September 28. On November 2 the Thalia Verein gave a performance of Schiller's Robbers. In January and February, 1859, engagements were filled at the Columbus Theatre by Ada Isaacs Menken. Miss Matilda Heron played four nights on the same stage in March. The managers of the theatre were Ellsler & Vincent. The Beethoven Association gave its fourth annual concert in March. The Parodi Italian Opera Troupe appeared on October 28 at Armory Hall. The entertainment consisted of selections from different operas. In February, 1860, Lola Montez, " Countess of Lansfeldt," delivered a lecture on Fashion at the Odeon. In July, same year, the city was visited by Van Amburg's Circus and in Novem- 794 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. ber following John C. Heenan, the famous New York pugilist, gave an exhibition at Armory Hall. A concert by Adelina Patti at the same place December 6 was attended by " a fair audience." On January 15, 1861, the theatre on State Street was reopened under the management of T. L. Donnelly, lessee. The opening play was The Hunchback, in which the part of Julia was taken by Miss Cramp-ton. At Armory Hall concerts were given by the Cecilian Verein, a new organization, on April 8, and by Madame Anna Bishop and Edward Seguin in December, 1861. Apollo Hall was opened during that year in Kannemacher's.building on South High Street, and became the headquarters of the Thalia Verein. Naughton's Hall was opened to the public in February, 1862. The Alleghanians gave a concert there on February 6. Dan Rice's and Van Amburg's circuses were among the traveling exhibitions of 1862. Mrs. Chanfrau made her first appearance in Columbus on February 3. James E. Murdock gave readings at Naughton Hall February 14. The Webb sisters -- Emma and Ada -- were among the star players on the State Street stage in September. A concert was given by Carlotta Patti and L. M. Gottschalk at Naughton Hall December 6. In January, 1863, the State Street theatre was reopened, with an improved interior, under the name of The Atheneum, John A. Ellsler manager. Mr. and Miss Couldock were its stars in March. Gottschalk and Brignoli gave a concert at Naughten Hall December 4. Miss Caroline Richings took a benefit at the Atheneum December 11. Walcutt's Museum came to an end on November 4, after an existence of fifteen years. In 1863 the erection of an opera house, afterwards variously known as Comstock's and the Metropolitan, on South High Street, was begun by Benjamin E. Smith and Theodore Comstock. The building was completed in 1864, and was first opened to the public on September 9 of that year. Its architects were J. C. Auld & Son ; its seating capacity was twelve hundred. The auditorium measured 86 x 110 feet from wall to wall; the stage was thirtysix feet deep. The opening performance in this building was that of Verdi's Il Trovatore. On December 30 Miss Laura Keene appeared upon its stage as Lady Teazle. One of its leading dramatic figures early in 1865 was Olive Logan. On February 20 of that year the De Beriot Club gave a concert at the Opera House for the benefit of the Orphans' Home. Blind Tom, the negro pianist, gave a performance at the Atheneum August 14. He frequently returned to Columbus afterwards. Lawrence Barrett appeared upon the Opera House stage on September 8 in Merchant of -Venice. Miss Caroline Schneider, a Columbus pianist, gave her first concert on October 20 at Naughten Hall. Miss Clara Morris, who began her dramatic career in Columbus, made her initial appearance in the city as leading actress on September 2. Among the November stars on the Columbus stage were Mr. and Mrs. Charles Kean. On December 25 a Christmas oratorio was sung by the Mendelssohn Club. In Columbus, as in other military centers during the Civil War, the tone and character of the drama were much impaired by the prevailing tendency to cater to purely military tastes and adopt the mannerisms and current expressions of the camp. Some of these expressions were far from being refined ; they were not oven decent. They were tolerated while hostilities lasted, but after the war closed a better taste began to assert itself, and demanded their discontinuance. Among the theatrical stars which appeared on the Columbus stage in 1866 was Edwin Forrest, supported by Miss Lillie and John McCullough. In June, 1866, an operatic performance was given at the Opera House by an Italian company under the direction of Max Strakosch. On August 29, 30,. and 31, and September 1, 1865, the North American Sangerbund held its annual festival in Columbus. This was one of the most important musical occasions in the history of the city. The executive committee MUSIC AND THE DRAMA - 795 of arrangements comprised the following members: Peter Ambos president, J. G. Bull vice president, C. P. L. Butler recording secretary, Henry Olnhausen corresponding secretary, Louis Hostel. treasurer, J. P. Bruck, Isaac H. Marrow, C. A. Wagner, J. H. Stauring, J. G. Bickel, Otto Dresel, Jacob Reinhard, Joseph H. Riley, Theodore Comstock, E. Barcus, Isaac Eberly, J. Falkenbach. The headquarters of the committee were at Schreiner's building, opposite the Courthouse. Other prominent places of rendezvous were Wenger's and Zettler's halls. All of these buildings, and many others, were lavishly decorated with wreaths, flags, mottoes and streamers. The headquarters of the Columbus Mannerchor were in Hettenheimer's building. For presentation to the Sangerbund, a splendid Bundesfah ne (flag of the Singer's Union) was manufactured in New York on the order of the German ladies of Columbus, at a cost of $450. This flag was thus described : On the white side of it a magnificent embroidered eagle spreads his wings over a lyre; beneath the lyre is a book of sheet music on which we see the song, " Stand firm, my country," etc. The whole is surrounded by grapes and grape leaves ; the stars over the lyre represent the societies participating in the. festival. The inscription, in beautiful German letters (violet color) is as follows : " First German Siingerbund of North America, founded June 2, 1819." The other side is of blue silk, bearing the following inscription: " Donated by the German ladies of Columbus, Ohio, at the Thirteenth Union Festival, August 29, 1865." The whole is a beautiful work of embroidery. 6 The first day of the festival, August 29, was devoted to the reception of visiting societies, of which the following had announced their intention to be present: Sängerbund of Buffalo, Männerchor of Indianapolis, Sängerbund of Upper Sandusky, Frohsinn of Pittsburgh, Männerchor of Wheeling, Sängerbund of St. Louis, Harmonia of Dayton, Sängerbund of Cincinnati, Gesangverein of Cleveland, Concordia of Cheboygan, Michigan, Liedertafel of Buffalo, Mannerchor of Cincinnati, Liederkranz, Orpheus and Frohsinn of Louisville, Liederkranz of Sidney, Eintracht of Chillicothe, Männerchor of Columbus, Indiana, Gesangverein of Piqua, Harmonia of Cincinnati, Bruderbund of Tiffin, Männerchor of Rochester, Liedertafel of Akron, Germania of Dunkirk, New York, Harmonia of Wheeling, Frohsinn of Toledo and Liederkranz of New York City. On the evening of August 30 the grand opening concert was given at the Opera House, which was crowded in every part. On the stage were about four hundred singers representing the different societies. The daily newspapers described the performance by ecstatic references of too general a nature to be of historical value. During the evening of August 31 a grand prize concert took place in the presence of an audience as largo as the Opera House could possibly contain. The members of the awarding committee were Messrs. H. M. Gronland, Professor Nothnagel, Carl Schoppelrei, Emil Forster and Carl Spohr. The awards made were as follows: To the Cincinnati Männerchor the crown prize, consisting of a laurel wreath and a silver goblet ; to the New York Liederkranz a silver set; to the Pittsburgh Frohsinn and the Akron Liedertafel each a silver cup; to the Rochester Männerchor a silver embroidered banner and scarf' ; to the Tiffin Bruderbund a guitar ; to the Louisville Liederkranz a drinking horn ; to the Buffalo Sangerbund a picture; to the Indianapolis Männerchor photographs ; to the St. Louis Sangerbund a flute ; to the Upper Sandusky Siingerbund a silver tuningfork. On the morning of' September 1 the different societies marched to the Capitol Square bearing their banners dressed with crape as a token of respect to Governor Brough who had just died in Cleveland. In the presence of a great crowd which had assembled around the Capitol the Cincinnati Männerchor sang very impressively the dirge, " In the Grave is Peace." This was followed by, the Star 796 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. Spangled Banner, sung in English by Mr. Stein, of St. Louis. At the conclusion of this music the singing societies, a detachment of military, and various other bodies formed in procession and marched to the Fairgrounds, south of the city, where the exercises of the day were opened with an address in German by Doctor J. Eberhardt, of Wheeling, after whom an address in English was delivered by Hon. R. B. Warden, of Columbus. At the conclusion of the speaking the singers and invited guests sat down to a dinner spread in the grove. The remainder of the day was spent in songs, miscellaneous speeches and amusements. In the evening banquets and dancing took place at Wenger's and Zettler's halls. From this time forward the musical and dramatic events of the city become so numerous that only the more conspicuous and important can be mentioned. Those which pertain especially to the Mannerchor and Liederkranz have received due attention in the sketches of those societies. In November, 1866, it was announced that Professor Carl Schoppelrei had organized for the Opera House a new orchestra of fifteen performers. The De Beriot Club, organized in 1859, maintained its prominence throughout the sixties, and gave concerts or dramatic performances in various cities of Ohio. A concert troupe of which Parepa and Brignoli were stars gave a performance on December 29, 1866, at the Opera House. At the same place, on October 7 and 8, 1867, Madame Anna de la Grange and Signor Brignoli sang in operatic concert portions of Rossini's Barber of Seville and Donizetti's Don Pasquale. The director of these performances was Signor Rosa. The Mendelssohn Quintette Club of Boston appeared at the Opera House October 25. In December Madame Adelaide Ristori gave, at the same place, performances in the characters of Mary Stuart and Queen Elizabeth. On March 3, 1868, Ole Bull reappeared with his marvelous violin at Naughten Hall ; on December 9 he gave a concert at the Opera House. On April 30, 1868, another concert was given by Madame La Grange and Brignoli. On March 3, 1869, Joseph Jefferson appeared at the Opera House in Rip Van Winkle. On December 13, same year, the city was favored with a concert by the Theodore Thomas orchestra of forty musicians. On January 11, 1870, Haydn's Creation was sung at the Opera House. by the Philharmonic Society ; Professor Herman Eckhardt director. In this performance Mrs. Lizzie Eckhardt appeared as Gabriel, Mr. Joseph Falkenbach as Raphael, Miss Mina Senter as Eve, Mr. H. Hyde as Uriel and H. W. Frillman as Adam. The orchestra comprised thirty musicians. By the same society, at the same place, Rossini's Stabat Mater was performed on April 21, Professor Eckhardt directing. Ole Bull again appeared at the Opera House in April; on April 21 a transient fraud known as the " Cardiff giant " was exhibited. On May 2, 1870, Mozart's superb opera, the Marriage of .Figaro, was sung at the Opera House with Parepa-Rosa, the reigning queen of song, in the leading part. Parepa was supported by Miss Rose Hersee, Mrs. E. Seguin and Mr. S. C. Campbell ; Carl Rosa conductor. The oratorio of Queen Esther was sung at the Opera House August 25 and 26, 1870, by a company of local amateurs -for the benefit of the Hannah Neil Mission. The chorus comprised one hundred voices. The Philharmonic Society, led by Professor Eckhardt, gave a grand concert at the Opera House in December. In November the city was favored with a dramatic visit by John E. Owens. Clara Louise Kellogg and the pianist James H. Welhi gave a concert at the Opera House December 28. Anna Louise Cary, accompanied by Signor Brignoli and the great French violinist, Henry Vieuxtemps, followed on February 11, 1871. On February 22, that year, the city was favored with the superb vocalism of Christine Nilsson. Mademoiselle Nilsson was accompanied by Anna Louise Cary, Brignoli, Henry Vieuxtemps and others. The gross receipts of this concert amounted to $4,400. Rossini's opera, William Tell, was performed by the Thalia Verein at the Opera House February 27. William Bach, long connected MUSIC AND THE DRAMA - 797 with the German opera in eastern cities, removed to and settled in Columbus this year. Under the name of Neil's New Atheneum the State Street theatre, after a long period of desuetude, was reopened on November 13, 1871. The opening performance was given by Columbus amateurs in a comic opera, entitled the Doctor of Alcantara. As reconstructed by Mr. Neil, the Atheneum had a seating capacity of 1,500. Flotow's Martha was sung at the Opera House by the ParepaRosa Company December 14. Among Parepa's assistants wore Mr. S. C. Campbell, Mr. W. Castle, and Mr. and Mrs. Seguin. On February 8 and 9, 1872, the operas Lucia di Lammermoor and Fra Diavolo were performed at the Opera House with Christine Nilsson as principal star. Supporting parts were taken by Brignoli, Barre, Victor Capoul, Anna Louise Cary and Mademoiselle Leon Duval. Sells Brothers' Circus, a Columbus enterprise, was announced this year, as " the most stupendous confederation of exhibitions ever placed before the American public." The " confederation " comprised three or four, different shows combined as one. A Strakosch concert by Carlotta Patti, Anna Louise Cary, Signor Mario and other stars, was one of the entertainments vouchsafed in November. H. J. Sargeant became manager of the Atheneum in December, 1872, and opened the establishment in January, 1873, with the play of Caste. On February 25, 1873, a complimentary testimonial concert was given for the benefit of Miss Emma McCarter. In April of the same year Madame Pauline Lucca and Miss Clara Louise Kellogg appeared in the operas Il Trovatore and Faust. During the same month and year the Atheneum was sold by Mr. William A. Neil to Messrs. E. T. Mithoff and H. T. Chitten den. P. T. Barnum's " Great Traveling World's Fair" arrived July 18. In December Richard Porter, a colored man, was denied admission to a parquette chair on account of his race, and in consequence of this action considerable discussion of a political nature ensued. At the Opera House on March 30, 1874, Ilma di Murska appeared at the Opera House in Lucia di Lammermoor. Pauline Lucca reappeared in May, in the opera Mignon. Later in the season Madame Janauschek played in the title roles of Mary Stuart and Macbeth. In December, 1875, an Eisteddfod was held by-Welsh singing societies at the City Hall. Several prizes were awarded. The Beethoven Club and the Shakespearean Club were local organizations of prominence in 1876. Another Eisteddfod took place at the City Hall on Christmas Day, 1877 ; president, John M. Pugh ; conductor, Rees E. Lewis. A. Central Ohio district Sängerfest took place at Columbus on July 10 and 11, 1878. A grand concert was given and the Central Ohio Sängerbund was organized. The principal speakers of the festival were J. H. Heitman and Henry Olnhausen. The visiting and local societies enjoyed their usual parade, banquet and ball. The Columbus Harmonia Society was organized in September with about eighty members. In October Professor Herman Eckhardt's Columbus Quartette was organized and equipped with instruments. In May, 1879, it gave its third grand concert. Three performances of the comic opera Doctor of Alcantara, were given by the Amphion Club, at the Opera House, then known as Comstock's, in April, 1880, In December of the same year Miss Mary Anderson appeared at the Grand Opera House (former Atheneum) on State Street, as The Countess. Madame Sarah Bernhardt, with Henry E. Abbey's French company, played at Comstock's in February, 1881. During the latter part of that year the Orpheus Club was organized. Min nie Hauck appeared in concert at the Grand Opera House March 12, 1883. She was accompanied by Constantine Sternberg, a Russian pianist. On April 23, a reception and benefit were given at Comstock's to a young Columbus actor, Mr. George A. Backus. In May, same year, a musical festival was held under the auspices of the Orpheus Club. Among the outside participants in this festival were the Thomas orchestra and the pianist, Madame Julia Rive-King. The Ohio Music Teachers' Association held its annual meeting at the Highschool building 798 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. in December. Henry Irving and Ellen Terry, famous English players, appeared at Comstock's on February 5, 1884, in Louis XI. At the same place, on May 8, 1885, a performance was giyen under the auspices of the Orpheus Club by the celebrated pianist, Raphael Joseffy. An Eisteddfod was held in January. The. State Music Teachers' Association met at the Highschool chapel in December. On November 17, 1884, the Anion Club, a male choral society, was organized. Most of its charter members had belonged to a political glee club led by W. H. Lott. At Comstock's on February 1, 1886, the Orpheus Club gave a successful concert. The Central Ohio Eisteddfod met at the City Hall, February 10, 1886, and elected officers. In this year the Comstock Opera House was reconstructed by Mr. Isaac Eberly, who bad become its principal proprietor,' and who changed its name to The Metropolitan. The improvements made in the building by Mr. Eberly cost about $30,000. In December, 1886, the Columbus Orchestra was organized. Its most active founders were C. C. Neereamer, who was made its director, and concertmasters S. B. Bayer and F. Neddermeyer. On February 20, 1887, a musicians' union was organized; on the same date the Grand Opera House was destroyed by fire. In May a series of festival concerts was given under the auspices of the Anion Club. The Ohio Music Teachers' Association held a very successful and interesting convention at Columbus in June. The Columbus Orchestra gave its first concert on June 8. A concert by the Orpheus Club took place November 14. On January 20, 1888, the Columbus Opera Club was organized. On February 23, same year, a Welsh prize concert was given at the Second Presbyterian Church. In June the Ohio Music Teachers' Association held its ninth annual convention at Columbus. In the course of its proceedings several interesting concerts were given. During the winter of 1889-90 two performances were given at the Metropolitan by the great Italian tragedian, Salvini. On June 17, 18 and 19, 1884, the fourth Sangerfest of the Central Ohio Sangerbund was held at Springfield, Ohio. In the course of the proceedings on that occasion it was decided to hold the next festival of the Bund at Columbus in 1887. Accordingly, preparations for the event began to be made in the ensuing July, committees were appointed, and a canvass for subscriptions to a guaranty fund began. The following officers for the general organization of local management and direction were chosen ; President, Joseph Dauben ; vice presidents, George J. Brand, C. Hertenstein and George Janton ; treasurer, John Farmer ; financial secretary, Adolf Theobald ; corresponding secretary, Thomas F. M. Koch ; recording secretary, Louis Wichert; musical director, Herman Eckhardt. Committees on music, finance, halls, quarters, amusements, railways, decorations, reception, procession and baggage were appointed, and the following accomplished soloists were engaged for the concerts : Mesdames Fursch-Madi, Emma H. Perkins and T. H. Schneider, Miss Anna Tresselt, and Messrs. Max Heinrich, William Bach, Henry Lippert and Michael Brand. A grand festival chorus consisting of about one hundred voices — ladies and gentlemen of the city—was organized and trained by Professor Herman Eckhardt, and a grand chorus of school children was organized by Professor W. H. Lott. The Cincinnati orchestra, comprising sixty performers, was engaged for the grand concerts, three in number, one to be given on Friday evening, July 29, and two on Saturday, July 30. A large number of the German singing societies of Ohio, besides several from neighboring States, participated in the festival. These societies mostly arrived, and were received by the local organizations, on June 29. In honor of the occasion many buildings in the city were handsomely decorated. Space will not admit of a detailed description of the musical and other festivities of this great carnival of song. The concerts were given at the rink on West Goodale Street, under the leadership of Professor Eckhardt, and were of a magifi- Music AND THE DRAMA - 799 cent character. The outdoor speeches, banquets and amusements took place at the City Park. Unfortunately for the financial success of the festival a heated term of great severity prevailed during its entire continuance. This, with other untoward circumstances, caused a deficit in the receipts, as compared with the expenses, amounting to about $4,500. On January 25, 1892, the Metropolitan Opera House took fire and was completely destroyed. The Henrietta Theatre, a very handsome dramatic temple erected by Mr. H. T. Chittenden on West Spring Street, was opened to the public on September 1, 1892. During the same year the Grand Opera House, which had been rebuilt directly after its destruction by fire in 1887, received a new front and was completely and handsomely remodeled. With the conclusion of this chapter on Music and the Drama in Columbus the author has reached the end of the historical drama, if haply it may be so called, on which, for over three years past he has been engaged. On October 8, 1891, he began writing the text of these volumes; on October 8, 1892, he writes these concluding words. The curtain may now descend. NOTES. 1. A " showground" of this period lay just east of the present City Hall, on the south side of State Street ; another was at the corner of Third and Town streets ; a third on the " Asbury lot," on Rich Street, between Third and Fourth. 2. One of Welch & Delavan's leading attractions was Madame Marie Macarte, a beautiful and famous equestrienne. 3. Ohio State Journal, November 8, 1851. 4. Ohio State Journal. 5. Probably Hon. R. B. Warden. 6. Ohio Statesman. 7. A joint proprietor with Mr. Eberly was Mr. Ebenezer Barcus.