750 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. of Lancaster Encampment in 1837. At this meeting the Recorder was allowed ten dollars per annum for the faithful discharge of his duties; also ordered that the reasonable expenses of Sir Bela Latham and Sir Ezra Griswold be paid from the funds of the Encampment so long as they shall continue to discharge the laborious duties of Prelate and Junior Warden. On December 23, 1825, Thomas Corwin applied for the orders of Knighthood and with Charles R. Sherman was elected January 12, 1826. Charles R. Sherman was the father of Senator John Sherman and General W. T. Sherman. Thomas Corwin was subsequently Governor of Ohio and one of the most distinguished orators of the country. Both also became Grand Masters of Ohio. Corwin was first commander of Reed Commandery at Dayton. At this meeting an application for an encampment at Chillicothe was presented by several Sir Knights of Chillicothe ; also a similar petition from Sir Knights of Lebanon and the vicinity for the establishment of an encampment at Lebanon, Ohio. At the next meeting the petitions of the Knights of Chillicothe and Lebanon were taken up and on motion of Sir Bela Latham their petitions were favorably endorsed. This seems to have been the last of these matters so far as Chillicothe was concerned. Henry Brush was knighted. At the meeting in February, 1826, a report was made to the General Grand Encampment whence it appears fifty-two Knights had been made since the organization of Mount Vernon Encampment. There had been ten admissions by affiliation and the indebtedness of Mount Vernon Encampment to the General Grand Encampment was $94. At the meeting January 3, 1827, nine petitions were presented for the orders which shows a great interest had been awakened on the subject of Masonic knighthood. On February 22, 1827, the election of officers occurred. Affairs proceeded in the usual manner, with new candidates at each meeting, until September 12, 1827, when the storm of anti-Masonic excitement burst, and for three years no records of any meetings are found. At the last meeting, Highland Hurlburd and William T. Snow were elected, and Otto M. Herron and Joseph Grubb were knighted. Here follows a gap, or interregnum, of three years. The first shock of the battle was past, and a meeting was held May 22, 1830. " The old Guard was there," with John Snow at the head, and with him were James Kilbourn and Levi Pinney, who had worked all these years since they petitioned as Royal Arch Masons for this encampment. At this meeting William J. Reese, of Lancaster, and William Nilly petitioned for and received the orders of Knighthood, and the same night were elected officers ofthe encampment. We append the roster : Commander, M. E. Sir John Snow ; Generalissimo, E. Sir Ezra Griswold ; Captain-General, E. Sir Daniel Upson; Prelate, E. Sir Bela Latham ; Sen. Warden, Sir Levi Pinney ; Junior Warden, Sir Jonathan M. Smith ; Treasurer, Sir Potter Wright ; Recorder, Sir Joseph Seely ; Swordbearer, Sir John Noble ; Standard bearer, Sir W. J. Reese ; Warder, Sir George Sanderson ; Guard, Sir William Nilly. The rest is silence for eleven years. When next the encampment was opened on June 3, 1841, of the officers elected at the last meeting only Ezra Griswold, Bela Latham, Joseph Seeley, Potter Wright and Levi Pinney appear. William J. Reese was at that time serving as the Captain-General of, the General Grand Encampment of the United States. He had issued a summons to the members of Worthington Encampment to meet, elect officers, and proceed to business. Mr. Reese, at this period, is said to have been one of the most impressive workmen in the rites of the order. He was tall and very erect, with a decided military air, great dignity and very graceful diction. lie was a scholar, and in all points a perfect specimen of the gentleman of the old school. His work was done before the era of the templar uniform, but he was always as faultlessly dressed in the Masonic hall as ever at any evening reception. John Barney was Commander pro tern. Officers were elected as follows : Sir John Barney, Commander ; Sir Ezra Griswold, Generalissimo ; Sir ASSOCIATIVE ORGANIZATIONS-I - 751 Bela Latham, Captain-General; Sir James Donahoo, Prelate ; Sir J. W. Copeland, Senior Warden ; Sir Levi Pinney, Junior Warden ; Sir Potter Wright, Treasurer ; Sir Joseph Leiby, Recorder ; Sir Caleb Howard, Standarl bearer; Sir Sylvanus Baldwin, Swordbearer; Sir George Copeland, Warder ; Sir B. F. Willey, Guard. John W. Milligan was proposed for the orders and, as ever before, under brighter skies, the encampment " disbanded in good harmony." The next meeting was held in October, 1842, and the next in April, 1843. At this meeting the fees were reduced to the lowest constitutional limit, $20, and the officers were reelected. On February 22, 1844, we read the following note ; " On motion of Sir Knight Levi Pinney, Sir Knights Richard Stadden, G. M. Herancourt, William B. Hubbard and James Dalzill were unanimously admitted and recognized as members of this Encampment." William B. Hubbard, who was to exert so great an influence upon the fortunes of Templarism, was elected Generalissimo of Mount Vernon Encampment at this meeting and Bela Latham its Commander. Hubbard attained the highest position in the General Grand Encampment, and Bela Latham became the Second Grand Commander of the Grand Encampment of Ohio. He died occupying that station after his reelection in 1847. At this meeting it was unanimously resolved to accept the order of the Grand Encampment made at its late communication at Lancaster authorizing and empowering this encampment to hold its place of meeting a portion of the year at Columbus and a portion of the year at Worthington, Ohio ; " and furthur resolved unanimously that the next meeting of this encampment, and until further notice, be held in Mason's Hall' in the city of Columbus. It was moved that the officers of this Encampment take such part of the furniture of the said Encampment as may be wanted at Columbus. On motion, adjourned to meet at Columbus on Saturday evening next." Mount Vernon Encampment never returned to Worthington to hold another meeting. At Worthington sixty-two candidates were knighted and ten were affiliated, making a total of seventy-two. John Snow had been commander from 1818 until 1830. Frederick A. Curtis disappears after the first meeting, and we have already seen that Webb was dead when the charter was issued. Evidently the transference of the encampment from Worthington to Columbus (this we read between the lines) was riot accomplished without heart burnings, for, on. February 24, 1844, Bela Latham, the Commander, was authorized and empowered to adopt such measures as seemed to him expedient to procure for the use of this encampment the residue of the swords, flags, banners, and other insignia and property belonging of " wright " to this encampment. On motion it was resolved to have the Recorder procure a copy of the order authorizing the removing of this encampment from Worthington to Columbus for a portion of the time. At the first meeting in Columbus we find that ten companions petitioned for the Templar orders, not one of whom is now living. Mount Vernon Commandery came to Columbus from Worthington on horseback and by night to avoid an injunction, for at that time Worthington had many who relied on the legal injunction to settle Masonic matters. The year 1844 was a year of great activity in Mount Vernon Commandery. Twenty-seven meetings were held during the year after February 24. Up to this time we have found no blackball cast, and the only thing which shows the worldly-mindedness of the Knights and an increasing love of filthy lucre is found in their refusal to confer the orders on preachers any longer gratuitously, a thing constantly done in the early history of the encampment. It is worthy of notice that although Mount Vernon Encampment never again met in Worthington after its removal to Columbus under the permission of the Grand Encampment, the committee on by-laws reported August 16, 1844, the following relative to meetings: 752 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. " The stated regular meetings of this Encampment shall be held on the third Tuesday of August and February, semiannually, alternately in Columbus and Worthington." At a meeting held May 19, 1847, the following resolution was passed : Resolved that this Encampment recommend to the Grand Master of the Grand Encampment of Ohio the granting of letters of dispensation to the following Sir Knights to wit : John P. Worstell, Platt Benedict, Adam Poe, John P. Dunnan, Joseph Hildreth, John Meredith, William S. Harris, Thomas Clark, second, William H. Newton, George W. Horne, Kimball Porter, and H. Humphrey to organize a Council of Red Cross and an Encampment of Knights Templar and Knights of Malta to be held in the town of Toledo, Lucas County, Ohio, and that we are fully convinced that the granting of such letters will greatly conduce to the best interests of the order, and that the Sir Knights abovenamed possess undaunted courage and fortitude, soldiers well trained and zealous and panoplied with the armor of Christian virtues. Resolved that we concur in the name selected by said Sir Knights, viz, Toledo Encampment Number Seven. See how these brethren love one another, and this from Columbus to Toledo ! The Grand Lodge of Ohio bas, it seems from these records, had its fads before " Masonic widows' and orphans' homes" claimed its attention. On December 26, 1846, we meet the minute of a circular from a committee of the Grand Lodge of Ohio on the subject of establishing a Masonic School, which was read and referred to Sir Knights Thrall, Latham and Donahoo. The committee buried it as far as we can learn. An item of interest is the banquet upon this occasion, at which refreshments were served at a cost of 87i cents for a Red Cross meeting. W. B. Thrall, afterward Grand Commander of Ohio, appeared in Mount Vernon Encampment May 30, 1846, was made a member by affiliation August 28, 1847, and elected commander on the same day, succeeding Bela Latham, who was first elected February 22, 1844. In 1857 we find the following note : " A communication was received from the Grand Master of Knights Templar for the United States which was referred to a committee consisting of Sir Knights William Savage, Woodbury and John Stone with instructions to report at a special meeting in two weeks from this evening." The Recorder was directed to issue a summons to every member to be present. Twentysix are recorded as having responded. The matter considered was the withdrawal of Ohio from its allegiance to the general Grand Encampment of the United States. This action of the Grand Encampment of Ohio is of interest to Mount Vernon Commandery mainly because William B. Thrall, so long its commander, headed the rebellion in the Grand Encampment at Hartford. The General Grand Encampment held in 1856 changed its constitution so far as the names of the subordinate Grand bodies were concerned, by calling them commanderies instead of encampments, reserving the term encampment for itself alone. The names of the officers were also changed. The Grand Encampment, which some had supposed must end from its own inherent constitution, took on new life and became permanent. This caused a great commotion in Ohio, and something of a storm in Indiana, but in no way to be compared to that in Ohio. Where William B. Hubbard was best known there was the intensest feeling shown. Horace M. Stokes, Grand Master of Ohio, was on the committee with William B. Thrall, which reported the resolution adopted by the Grand Encampment of Ohio declaring non-allegiance. William B. Hubbard was a proud, earnest and very talented Mason. He had very high regard for the dignity of the position which he held and adorned for twelve years. It can be truthfully said that Templarism in the United States owes more of its present prosperity and respectability to William B. Hubbard ASSOCIATIVE ORGANIZATIONS-I - 753 than to any other man living or dead. The above cited episode groused great bitterness of feeling, and doubtless had no small influence in shaping the course of Ohio under the lead of Thrall and Stokes, both of whom were Past Grand Masters of the Grand Lodge of Ohio. For keen, cutting, bitter controversial writing, by men who could use the English language with all the " vim and vigor" in it, we commend as a model the protest of Lancaster Comandery Number Two, written by William J. Reese, found in the appendix to the proceedings of the Grand Encampment of Ohio, 1857. This was a special communication of the Grand Encampment of Ohio, at which William B. Hubbard appeared, and we think fully vindicated the position of the Grand Encampment of the United States. This meeting, which was held in Columbus, chronicles the first appearance of Enoch T. Carson in the Grand Commandery of Ohio. This trouble was not adjusted for many years, and during all this time members of Mount Vernon Commandery were conspicuous as leaders of the rebellion. When we read the reports, charges and countercharges, and the discussions of the " giants in those .days,'' the whole matter seems much like a "tempest in a teapot." The following Grand Masters of the Grand Lodge of Ohio, F. & A. M., were members of Mount Vernon Encampment : 1813, Henry Brush, knighted July, 1826; 1818, Chester Griswold, knighted March 20, 1818; 1819-23-29, John Snow, knighted; 1824, Charles R. Sherman, knighted January, 1826 ; 1826, Samuel Wheeler, knighted January, 1823; 1827, John M. Goodenow, knighted January, 1823; 1828, Thomas Corwin, knighted January, 1826; 1830, William Fielding, knighted February, 1824; 1831, John Satterthwaite, knighted January, 1823 ; 1833, Timothy Parker, knighted December, 1821 ; 1834-42, William J. Reese, knighted May, 1830; 1843-46, William B. Thrall ; 1850, William B. Hubbard ; 1866, Thomas Sparrow ; 18--, William M. Cunningham. The following Grand High Priests were also members of this encampment : Henry Sage, William J. Reese, William B. Thrall, William B. Hubbard. The Commanders of Mount Vernon Commandery, since its organization, were: 1818-41, John Snow ; 1841-43, John Barney ; 1843.47, Bela Latham ; 1847-52, William B. Thrall ; 1852-53, William M. Savage ; 1853-54, William B. Thrall ; 1854-55, D. T. Woodbury ; 1855 57. Dwight Stone ; 1857 59, William B. Thrall ; 1859-61, B. F. Martin ; 1861-65, Thomas Sparrow ; 1865-66, J. M. Stuart ; 1866-67, William A. Hershiser; 1867-68, W. S. Phares ; 1868-69, A. B. Robinson ; 1869-70, Thomas Sparrow; 1870-71, Samuel M. Hotchkiss ; 1871-73, J. M. Stuart; 1873-74, Edward Morrell ; 1874-75, B. F. Rees; 1875-76, James II. Cushing; 1876-78, A. B. Robinson ; 1878-79, H. O'Kane; 1879-80, 0. A. B. Senter; 1880-81, G. A. Frambes ; 1881-82, C. S. Ammel ; 1882-83, R. R. Rickly , 1883-84, R. T. King : 1884-85, W. O'Harra ; 1885-86, J. T. Harris; 1886-87, J. T. Arnett ; 1887-88, J. P. M.cCune ; 1888-89, W. H. Darrah ; 1889-90, D. N. Kinsman ; 1890 91, L. E. Valentine ; 1891-92, George L. Hamrick. Mount Vernon Commandery has been represented in the Grand Encampment of the United States as follows : W. B. Hubbard as General Grand Master, and John Snow as General Grand Generalissimo. Grand Commanders of Ohio, Bela Latham, 1845-46-47 ; W. B. Thrall, 1850 ; Deputy Grand Commanders, Thomas Sparrow, 1859-60-61-68-69-70; Thomas Orr, 1853; William A. Hershiser, 1867 ; Grand Generalissimo, 0. A. B. Senter, 1886, 1887; Joseph M. Stuart, 1872; Grand Captain-General, James H. Cushing, 1871, J. P. McCune, 1892; Grand Prelate, John Barney, 1843; James T. Donahoo, 1845 ; Zachariah Connell, 1857-58-59-62-63-64-65 ; Grand Senior Warden, Leander Ransom, 1844; Isaac Davis, 1845-46-47 ; Platt Benedict, 18.49; J. W. Milligan, 1851; Grand Junior Warden, Doctor L. Woodbury, 1852 ; Grand Treasurer. Timothy Griffith, 1846-47-48-49. 48* 754 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. Mount Vernon Commandery was the first Commandery organized west of the Mountains. At her altars have knelt postulants from all sections of Ohio, and as far south as Granada and Natchez, Mississippi. " Dispensated" in 1818, which was 49 years after the first Knight Templar was made in St. Andrew's Lodge, in Boston, Massachusetts, its history now covers three-fifths of that of the Templar order. Around it raged all the anti-Masonic excitement which followed William Morgan's abduction in 1826 ; for New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio, after Vermont, participated more in this excitement than any other States in the Union. Its altar fires, extinguished in 1827, were again rekindled in 1830 with a fitful blaze which expired after having illuminated William J. Reese with its dying gleams. Reese became afterward one of the most influential Templars in Ohio, and again revived the encampment. For a period of eleven years, or until 1841, Mount Vernon Commandery has no records of any meetings. If there were any they must have been held in that famous openair lodge, which Masonic tradition says was held in a low valley, while the anti-Masonic storm swept the country. Tradition is that tylers were hidden behind rocks and perched in treetops to observe the approach of " Cowans and caves droppers " during a long period, and that the meetings of New England Lodge could not be safely held in their regular lodge-room but they met in a certain cave location now lost. The records are silent on this point, nor do they give any indication, in 1827, or 1830, nor yet in 1841, why the craft was so long idle. Upon its removal to Columbus, Mount Vernon Commandery entered upon a career of prosperity. Year after year, in the lengthening list of Templars made, we can trace the griefs and joys of the community in the ebb and flow of Templar enthusiasm. In 1862 one Templar was created, and in 1863 two. The valiant souls whose members recruit the Templar army, were at the front ready to " do or die " in the cause of humanity, and amid smoke and flame to "seal their faith." So far as can be ascertained the Templar degree was first regularly conferred in 'a Masonic body in August, 1769. It was done in and by Saint Andrew's Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons in the city of Boston, Massachusetts. The modern heresy that the Blue Lodges can know nothing of the Masonic regularity of the " higher grades " of Masonry had not risen. The Red Cross degrees were not at that time a prerequisite to the order of the Temple, nor is it in England to-day. The present series of degrees in the Commandery was formed as early as 1783, for in an old diploma of that date issued by St. Andrew's Lodge, Number One, Ancient Masons, we find the following order: " Knight of the Red Cross, XXX Knight Templar, Knight Hosplar, Knight of Rhodes and Malta." The General Grand Encampment of the United States was organized in the City of New York by the following named bodies, which formed and ratified a constitution for the government of Templars in the year 1816: Boston Encampment, Boston, Massachusetts ; St. John's Encampment, Providence, Rhode Island ; Ancient Encampment, New York, New York ; Temple Encampment, Albany, New York ; Montgomery Encampment, Stillwater, New York; St. Paul's Encampment, Newburyport, New York ; Newport Encampment, Newport, Rhode Island ; Darius Encampment, Portland, Maine. Not a single State organization participated. The following were officers of this body : Dewitt Clinton, New York, General Grand Master ; Thomas Smith Neff, Boston, Deputy General Grand Master; Henry Fowle, Boston, General Grand Generalissimo ; Ezra Ames, Albany, General Grand Captain General Rev. Paul Dean, Boston, General Grand Prelate ; Martin Hoffman, New York, General Grand Senior Warden ; John Carlisle, Providence, General Grand Junior Warden ; Peter Grinnel, Providence, General Grand Treasurer ; John J. Loring, New York, General Grand Recorder; Thomas Lounds, New York, General Grand Warder; John ASSOCIATIVE ORGANIZATIONS-I - 755 Snow, Providence, General Grand Standardbearer ; Jonathan S. Chriffilm, New York, General Grand Sword-Bearer. On September 17, 1841, the General Grand Encampment of the United States issued its warrant to Robert Punshon for the establishment of the Grand Encampment of Ohio. In the organization of this body, which took place in 1843, five subordinate commanderies participated, to wit: Mount Vernon, Num. ber One, located at Worthington, Ohio, dispensation for this body was issued March 14, 1818, the charter was issued, September 16, 1819, and the organization under the charter was made January 27, 1820; Lancaster Commandery, Number Two, located at Lancaster, Ohio, whose charter was voted December 9, 1835, and issued in December, 1837, was organized April 4, 1838; Cincinnati Commandery Number Three, located at Cincinnati, Ohio, dispensation granted in 1840, chartered September 17, 1841; Massillon, Number Four, located at Massillon, Ohio, dispensation issued by William J. Reese, July 5, 1843, chartered October 5, 1844; Clinton, .Number Five, located at Mount Vernon, Ohio; dispensation granted by William J. Reese, July 22, 1843, date of charter not at hand-. All these bodies were known as encampments until the year 1862, when we find the term commandery taking the place of encampment. This change was proposed in 1858. In 1826, a dispensation had been issued for the establishment of a com mandery at Lebanon, Ohio, but this body had become extinct at the organization of the Grand Encampment of Ohio. We find that Mount Vernon Commandery had consented to its establishment in 1825, as well as the founding of an encampment at Chillicothe which was not done until many years after. Symbolic or Blue Lodge Masonry in Columbus. -There have been six Blue or Symbolic Lodges of Free and Accepted Masons organized in Columbus. Ohio Lodge, Number 30, was organized in 1815, and became extinct in 1836. Columbus Lodge, Number 30, which arose upon the ruins of Ohio Lodge, was organized in 1841. In 1847 Magnolia, Number 20, was chartered and it took its number, 20, from a lodge which had become extinct at Belpre, Ohio. It was the custom for new lodges to assume the numbers of extinct lodges, so that precedence in number is no evidence of seniority among the lodges in Ohio previous to the year 1850. There is no better evidence of the evil times on which Masonry entered, from 1826 to 1840, than the number of lodges which had ceased work. Goodale Lodge, Number 372, was organized in 1866. Humboldt, a German lodge, was organized in 1871. Within the year 1890 this lodge began to work in the English language. The four lodges now working are prosperous and harmonious. York Lodge, Number-, was organized in 1891. Ohio Lodge, Number 30, was instituted in Franklinton, Ohio on the eleventh day of June, 1815. Its charter members were : Abner Lord, first Master ; John Kerr, first Senior Warden ; Alexander Morrison, first Junior Warden ; Lincoln Goodale, Treasurer ; Joel Buttles, Secretary ; Benjamin Gardiner, Senior Deacon ; Horace Walcott, Junior Deacon ; Caleb Huston, and James Kooken, Stewards; Samuel Shannon, Tyler. To these men were committed the interests of Freemasonry in Columbus seventyfive years ago. They were worthy of the trust. The other members of the lodge were : Benjamin Pike, A. B. Washburn, Onesimus Whittaker, all of whom were present at the constitution of Ohio Lodge. The first man who was " raised " in this new lodge was Gustavus Swan. This took place October 16, 1815. The records show that his interest in the affairs of the lodge was active until his death. Eleven other Master Masons were made in Franklinton, the last of whom was Abram 1. McDowell, the father of the late Major-General Irwin McDowell, who was born within the limits of the present city of Columbus. Abram I. McDowell became Master of Ohio Lodge and conferred the symbolic degrees upon John L. Gill in 1828. William Armstrong had 756 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. received the degrees in 1822. These are the oldest two Masons living in Columbus, if not in Ohio, having been sixty-two and sixty-eight years in the order, respectively. All the other members of Ohio Lodge, which became extinct fifty four 3 years ago, have joined the army of silent ones. From Mr. Gill we received the following reminiscences of Abram I. McDowell : He was by birth a Kentuckian and a stanch Republican. During General McDowell's boyhood a French Prince turned up in Columbus and was employed to teach the French language to the boy, who afterwards accompanied his tutor to France. While there he was dazzled with the splendors of the court and became interested in looking up his own family tree and the coat of arms of the McDowells. He wrote his father concerning them but received no reply. He sent a second letter of inquiry. His father then replied and for the coat of arms gave the drawing of a man suspended by the neck from a gallows. This is said to have completely satisfied the young man's curiosity and he lost interest in the study of heraldry. In December, 1816, Ohio Lodge was transferred to Columbus, and occupied for a time the north room of the old brick building standing on the Capitol Square, then used as the State library. Atone time the lodge appears, from the records, to have held its meetings in the rooms occupied by Bela Latham, in the Franklin House. For many years, indeed, until long after the removal of Mount Vernon Commandery from Worthington to Columbus, " Masons' Hall was located in the upper story of the Franklin Bank building, said to have occupied ground just south of the Neil House. Then they migrated to the southeast corner of State and High streets, and thence to the Johnson building, where they had quarters for many years. Columbus Lodge, for a term of years, met in the Monypeny block, between Long and Spring streets. Finally all the Masonic bodies of Columbus have found a common home on East Town Street. The color line was strongly drawn in the Masonic bodies of Ohio very early. In 1822 we find Ohio Lodge voted, " it is inexpedient at this time, or any other time, until we receive an expression from the Grand Lodge of Ohio, to admit persons of' color to a seat in the lodge." During all this time the business of the lodge was transacted in the Entered Apprentice Degree, and it was not finally transferred to the Master Degree until late in the fifth decade of this century. Such was the custom in 1847, when Magnolia Lodge was constituted, The lodge room was not then necessarily devoted exclusively to Masonic uses, for we find Ohio Lodge offering its lodge room for use as a school room and for the accommodation of a church fair. One hundred and four Master Masons were made in Ohio Lodge. There was prosperity from 1815 to 1826; then came the withering touch of anti-Masonic excitement, and in January, 1829, the work ceased. The organization was maintained by the election of officers from year to year. In 1832 four Masons were made. Four years longer annual elections were held, but in 1836 the lights went out and Ohio Lodge became extinct. During its organization eleven Worshipful Masters presided over its deliberations. During these years the fees for the degrees were low and the struggles of the brethren to meet their obligations were at times painful. Here endeth the first lesson. In 1841 William J. Reese, Grand Master of Ohio, issued a dispensation to form and open a new lodge in Columbus under the name of Columbus Lodge, No. —. William B. Hubbard was made first Master ; J. M. Milligan, first Senior Warden, and Robert Riordan, first Junior Warden. The Masons of the city of Columbus were assembled. The Grand Master, with the assistance of the Deputy Grand Master, William B. Thrall and J. W. Milligan, opened a lodge of Entered Apprentices, and the election of the following officers took place : John Greenwood was elected Treasurer ; J. C. Broderick, Secretary; J. Young, Senior Dea- ASSOCIATIVE ORGANIZATIONS---I - 757 con; John Zeigler, Junior Deacon; B. B. Brown, Tyler. This completed the organization and thus Columbus Lodge 'began its career. The first candidate for admission was Noah H. Swayne, afterwards a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. To Lancaster Lodge, we believe, belongs the distinction of having maintained its organization during the time of Masonic depression. At least we find Lancaster Lodge on band with a set of temperance resolutions for the edification of this new lodge soon after its birth. Lancaster wanted everyone petitioning for the degrees of Symbolic Masonry to take a pledge to forever abstain from the use of all intoxicating beverages. This was submitted to Columbus Lodge for its adoption. A committee reported it was an "innovation in the body of Masonry," a "new landmark," and the lodge did riot adopt it. This was in the whirl and excitement of the Washingtonian, temperance movement of fifty years ago. Men, then, as now, thought that reform was built on emotion and that human nature could be changed by a set of resolutions. That such a resolution as emanated from Lancaster Lodge would "remove an ancient landmark," we can readily believe, when we find on the records of a lodge still existing in Franklin County a resolution that the Tyler be ordered to procure one barrel of rum and two tin cups-for the use of the Lodge." In 1847, John W. Milligan, Nathaniel Merion, Harvey Fletcher, D. T. Wood: bury, James E. Donahoo, Benjamin F. Martin, Bela Latham, Harvey Bancroft and William Harrison, petitioned to the Grand Lodge for the establishment of a new Lodge under the title of Magnolia, Number 20. Columbus Lodge favored this enterprise and passed the following resolution : " Resolved, That we vouch for the moral and Masonic standing of said brethren as worthy Ancient and Accepted Free Masons, and recommend that the prayer of their petition be granted." In order that the new lodge might enter upon its labors at once, Columbus Lodge tendered them the use of their hall and properties. Lodge meetings were adjourned from day to day and often were not closed for months, showing that what are now deemed traditions of the order have, like other institutions, undergone evolution in modern time. Visiting Masters or Past Masters were almost always invited to preside in the meetings of the lodge they visited. The object was two-fold ; it was a complimentary distinction and it enabled the craft to improve by the adoption of new forms which pleased them. It must be kept in mind that the present code was not brought forth except as the result of years-of comparison and observation. In 1849, Asiatic cholera prevailed in Columbus. We find the following touching note : "Owing to the prevalence of cholera throughout the country and this city, no meetings were held from the twelfth day of June to the eleventh of September, 1849. Many a family circle was made desolate by the ravages of the epidemic. Several distinguished citizens of the city were its victims. Among the number was our lamented brother, Benjamin F. Gard, M. D., who nobly fell while engaged in the discharge of his professional duties. It may be regarded almost Providential that among the very numerous instances of mortality around us, Brother Gard, whose loss- we deplore, was the only member of the Fraternity who fell a prey to-the mysterious and dread destroyer, though none shrunk from their duty and some were eminently exposed." Two years later the brother. who traced this eulogy upon his brother died of the same disease. Members of Columbus Lodge visited Magnolia and voted on all applications for membership in the latter lodge, and Magnolia exercised similar privileges in Columbus Lodge. This custom continued for many years. But Masons are not free from human passions. A cloud no larger than a man's hand arose over this fair scene and grew until a storm came which rent their lodges asunder, embitter- ing the hearts of the brethren. We would omit this, but .a history which deals 758 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. with but one side of a question is not true to the purpose for which it should be written. In the process of time, Magnolia Lodge, which had used the properties and hall of Columbus Lodge, had become its landlord The Master of Magnolia Lodge caused the arrest and imprisonment of the Secretary of Columbus Lodge for entering the hall of Magnolia Lodge for improper purposes between. the stated meetings of Columbus Lodge. Columbus Lodge declared non-intercourse, and the Master of Magnolia Lodge preferred charges against Columbus Lodge for this act. The matter came to the notice of the Grand Lodge of Ohio. A plan of reconciliation, or plebiscite, was proposed and adopted, but before Magnolia Lodge carried out all of its provisions its charter was arrested for contumacy. This severe discipline brought obedience and compliance with the order of the Grand Lodge. Peace was restored and for years has not been disturbed. This was long ago, as measured by the life of man, and most of the actors in this drama have passed away. Over their faults and foibles be the mantle of Masonic charity spread as we hope for :1 like mood for ourselves. Columbus Lodge for many years abode apart from the other Masonic bodies. Three or four years ago it returned to the common fold and entered upon a career of prosperity unknown before in its history. The life of Ohio and Columbus lodges covers three fourths of a century. The members thereof have been the builders of Columbus. Every enterprise in the city has felt their touch and known their care They have labored for that which made man better and have in the midst of their imperfections lightened the burdens of humanity. We claim this for them for they were good men, therefore good Masons. They erred, for they were human, but they have rendered the lot of many a sorrowing one easier to be borne and they have carried blessings to many darkened homes ; they have borne one another's burdens. Forty Masters have presided in Ohio land Columbus Lodges. Magnolia Lodge, Number 20.-- On the first day of June, 1847, a meeting of Masons was held looking to the establishment of a new Lodge in Columbus. The following preamble was offered by Brother James T. Donahoo and adopted by those present : Whereas, Bela Latham, Benjamin F. Martin, Henry N. Field, John T. Donahoo, Nathaniel Merion, Harvey Fletcher, Harvey Bancroft and William Harrison, all Ancient Free and Accepted Master Masons, the more effectually to encourage sobriety, suppress profanity, and diffuse the sublime principles of universal benevolence, and thereby carry out the genuine precepts of Free Masonry, have associated themselves together under the name, style and title of Magnolia Lodge, Number 20, under the authority and jurisdiction of the M. W. Grand Lodge of the State of Ohio ; they, therefore, for their future government, do make, ordain and adopt the following: [Here follow the bylaws of the proposed Lodge.] B. F. Martin was appointed to arrange the necessary preliminaries for the organization. He subsequently reported that Columbus Lodge, Number 30, had by a unanimous vote granted their permission for the formation of a new Lodge in its jurisdiction. On June 10, 1847, William B. Thrall, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Ohio, issued a dispensation for the formation of Magnolia Lodge, Number 20. In this instrument Bela Latham was appointed first Master ; B. F. Martin, first Senior Warden ; Henry A. Field, first Junior Warden. On the same day the lodge met under authority of the dispensation and completed the organization by electing J. W. Milligan, Treasurer; Harvey Bancroft, Secretary ; Nathaniel Merion, Senior Deacon; William Harrison, Junior Deacon, and J. W. Donahoo, Tyler. William M. Savage was the first petitioner for the degrees in this lodge. He afterward ASSOCIATIVE ORGANIZATIONS—I - 759 was Worshipful Master six consecutive years, the longest term of office held by any Master of this lodge. Thomas Sparrow was next in service and held the office for four years. The charter was issued July 20, 1847. At a meeting of Magnolia Lodge, during this year, several Chippewa Indians arrived in Columbus on their way to Washington, D. C. They claimed to be Masons, and applied to Magnolia Lodge for recognition in this character. William B. Hubbard and Samuel Reed, both well known as "expert Masons," were a committee on behalf of Magnolia Lodge to examine into their qualifications. Their report shows what Masonic enthusiasts they were, and how readily they found the " lost jewels " when they sought them. This examination was conducted through an interpreter. The interest aroused in the committee was so great that they recommended that the examination should be conducted before the members of the lodge in committee of the whole. The lodge was called from " labor to refreshment." The Indians were admitted, and after further examination they were recognized as possessing certain mysteries which resembled Masonry. After a mutual interchange of sentiments the Indians withdrew. John Baptist Martell was the interpreter, and he was formally healed by Magnolia Lodge some time liter. In his petition he sets forth his occupation as " Justice of the Peace and proprietor of a temperance house." Such a hostelry on an Indian reservation the., as now, would be a novelty. Magnolia Lodge granted him a diploma when he left the city. In 1850, cholera interrupted the meetings of this lodge. The history of Magnolia Lodge was closely interwoven with that of Columbus Lodge during the first ten years of its existence, and much of this common lodge history has been told already. Magnolia Lodge has had a prosperous career, and has today the largest membership of any Symbolic lodge in Ohio. Thirtyone Rasters have presided in its Oriental chair. One of the martyred Presidents of the United States received' the Symbolic Degrees of Masonry in Magnolia and Columbus Lodges. The record stands : " James A. Garfield received the E. A. Degree November 22, 1861, and the F. C. degree December 3, 1861, in Magnolia Lodge. The Master's degree was conferred upon him by Columbus Lodge, November 22, 1864." Goodale Lodge, Number 372, was organized under a dispensation issued July 20, 1866. The following officers were named in this dispensation : James Williams, W. M.; William S. Phares, S. W., Harry Tarbill, J. W.; D. G. Smith was appointed Treasurer ; A. B. Robinson, Secretary ; W. A. Hershisher, S. D.; J. B. Romans, J. D.; W. R Thrall, Tyler. The lodge was chartered October 17, 1866, and constituted by Grand Master Thomas Sparrow October 26, 1866. The chrter members promulgated the following preamble to the by-laws : Whereas, James Williams, Dolphin G. Smith, William S. Phares, Ashley B, Robinson, William A. Ilershiser, John B. Romans, Edwin C. Beach, Charles A. Wiggins, Charles C. Walcutt, Albert G. Byers, Samuel Thompson, William Ewing, Otis B. Perkins, Isaac C. Aston, William R. Thrall, Moses P. Smith, Martin P. Ford, Harry Tarbill, Jacob B. Beauman, William McDonald, Denman R. Kinsell, Stephen V. R. Carpenter and Jacob H. McColm, Free and accepted Master Masons, the more effectually to diffuse the exalted principles of Brotherly Love, Relief and Truth ; to encourage the more constant practice of the cardinal virtues —Temperance, Fortitude, Prudence and Justice— and to inculcate the genuine moral precepts of Freemasonry, have associated themselves together under the name and title of Goodale Lodge, under the jurisdiction and authority of the Grand Lodge of Ohio, and they do, therefore, adopt for their future guidance and government the following by-laws [etc.]. The first elected officers were : W. S. Phares, W. M., A. B. Robinson, S. W.; C. C. Walcutt, J. W. ; D. G. Smith, Treasurer ; Theo. P. Gordon, Secretary ; W. R. Thrall, S. D.; John B. Romans, J. D.; Edward West, Tyler. The first candidate to receive the degrees in Goodale Lodge was Theodore P. Gordon, since the Grand Treasurer of the Grand Lodge, and active in business and Masonic affairs in Columbus. The lodge was named Goodale in honor of Lincoln Goodale, long prominent in the Grand Lodge of Ohio, having been Treasurer for twenty years, 760 - HISTORY OF THE' CITY OF COLUMBUS. a charter member of Ohio Lodge, and a benefactor in many ways of the city of Columbus. He was made a Mason in New England Lodge, at Worthington, in 1808, and was living in Columbus when this Lodge was constituted in 1866. He died in 1868, at the age of 86 years. Lodges, like persons, must become hoary headed before they can have much of a history. Their life must exceed that of those who formed them, and many of the charter members of Goodale still live and are active in affairs. The lodge is prosperous and is now steadily increasing. It has been ruled by twentyfive Masters and has a membership of about 200, Humboldt Lodge, Number 476, was organized under the authority of a dispensation which was issued by Grand Master A. H. Batting August, 1873. Under this instrument 0. A. B. Senter was W. M. ; J. H. Heitman, S. W.; Louis Kahn, S. W.; Conrad Born, Jr., J. D.; Charles T. Pfaff, Treasurer ; E. Kiesewetter, Secretary ; C. H. Lindenberg, S. D.; H. Schwartz, Tyler. A charter was issued to' the following brethren as charter members, October 22, 1873: 0. A. B. Senter, J. H. Heitman, Louis Kahn, Charles Heide, Henry Siebert, Charles H. Lindenberg. C. T. Pfaff, Conrad Born, Jr., H. Harmon, Jacob Goodman, John C. Fraas, T. J. Kramer, Henry Schwarz, Emil Keisewetter, P. E. Blesch, Charles T. Kampman, N. Gundersheimer, Joseph Gundersheimer, L. P. Hoster, J. S. Sorgen, Louis Hoster, Louis Heinmiller, Ernst J. W. Schueller. At the first election under the charter the officers above mentioned were reelected. The first initiates were Henry Lindenberg and J. A. Kremer. There is now a membership of 54, and the following Masters have occupied the oriental chair : 1. 0. A. B. Senter; 2, J. H. Heitman ; 3, J. Kremer : 4, G. Blesch ; 5, E. P. Blesch ; 6, Charles H. Lindenburg ; 7, W.F. Kemmler ; 8, J. Braun ; 9. Julius A. Kremer ; 10, Julius A. Kremer. Capitular Masonry.—A dispensation was granted to Ohio Chapter, Number Twelve, November 27, 1824, and from a report made to the Grand Chapter held January 12, 1825, we learn that the following companions were the officers: Bela Latham, High Priest; Daniel Turney, King; Joel Buttles, Scribe ; A. J. McDowell, Principal Sojourner ; James Robinson, R. A. Captain ; John Warner, Master of Third Veil ; Caleb Houston, Master of Second Veil ; A. Benfield, Master of First Veil ; L. Goodale, Treasurer ; Joseph Leiby, Secretary; B. F. Wiley, Tyler. Besides the officers, there were four members: A. Shaughnessey, William T. Snow, Henry Brown, Robert Russell, the last two having been the first two exalted in Ohio Chapter. At the meeting of the Grand Chapter in 1826, Ohio Chapter was continued under dispensation, with an admonition from the grand body to strictly observe the constitution and regulations relative to the admission of members. Horeb, of Worthington, had complained of the companions of Ohio for invading its jurisdiction. Ohio Chapter in 1826 reported, twelve exaltations. In January, 1827, a charter was granted to Ohio Chapter November 12, and the membership had risen to thirtysix. In 1828 the membership had fallen to twenty, half having left on account of the anti-Masonic storm, and the membership remained the same for 1829. In 1837, of the whole number of chapters (twenty) in Ohio, but five were represented at the Grand Chapter, and Ohio Chapter was one which did not answer at the roll-call; nor is Ohio Chapter again mentioned as having an existence until, in October, 1841, permission was granted by the Grand Chapter for Ohio Chapter, November 12, to resume their Masonic labors under their charter. The old charter having. been lost or mislaid, the Grand Secretary was authorized to issue a new one. The following are the names on this instrument as charter members: Bela Latham, John A. Bryan, John Greenwood, P. H. Olmsted, Joseph Leiby, William B. Hubbard, William B. Van Hook, J. W. Milligan, Robert Russell, Lincoln Goodale. Bela Latham was the first High Priest under the new ASSOCIATIVE ORGANIZATIONS-I - 761 Charter, as he had been under the old. P. H. Olmsted was King, John A. Bryan, Scribe; Charles R. Sherman was Grand High Priest when the first, and O. M. Spencer when the second charter was issued. Temple Chapter, Number 155, R. A. M., was organized under dispensation of J. L. H. Long, Grand High Priest of the Grand Chapter of Ohio, May 5, 1886, with C. S. Ammel first High Priest, D. N. Kinsman first King, and Edwin Morrell first Scribe. A charter was issued October 8, 1886, to the following charter members: C. S. Ammel, Edwin Morrell, John P. McCune, W. H. Darrah, Henry C. Will, William C. Orr, William M. Muchmore, Joseph W. Weil, and D. N. Kinsman. This body has now about one hundred and .fifty members. The following companions have graced the oriental chair : C. S. Ammel, Edwin Morrell, William H. Dorrah, John P. McCune, Wheeler C. Wikoff, Josiah Medbery, M. D. Columbus Council, Number Eight, Royal and Select Masters, was instituted by letter of dispensation, issued by William B. Thrall, Puissant Grand Master of the State of Ohio, on (Saint John's Day) the twonty-seventh day of December, 1841, 2841, A... Dep. . to companions Bela Latham, Leonard Humphrey, John W. Milligan G. M. Herancourt, James Cross, Isaac Davis, R. Buckbec, John R. Barney, William Y. Emmett, John Bartram and James T. Donahoo, authorizing them to assemble on the same day in the city of Columbus, and organize a council, to be called Columbus Council, Number —, of Royal and Select Masters. The letter of dispensation, under which they acted, appointed companions Bela Latham, T. I. 0. Master ; Leonard Humphrey, Dep. I. 0. Master ; John W. Milligan, P. C. of Work. The charter was dated at Lancaster, October 21, 1842, dating back to December 27, 1841, and signed by the following Grand Officers : William J. Reese, Puissant Grand Master ; O. D. Hine, Dep. III. Grand Master ; C. F. Hanselmann, Dep. Ill. Grand Master; A. J. Sanford, Gr. P. C. of Work. Attest James D. Caldwell, Or. Recorder. The membership is about 300. The Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite for the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of the United States of America.—Henry Howe says in his history "That William J. Reese, of Lancaster, was the first Scottish Rite Mason in Ohio." Where he got his degrees we do not now know, but probably in Philadelphia, for there his family lived. This rite was introduced into Ohio in 1851. That year Killian H. Van Rensselaer, 33 , Deputy for the Supreme Council for Pennsylvania and Ohio, under authority from Edward A. Raymond, M. P. G. Commander, organized Adoniram Lodge of Perfection and Ohio Council of Princes of Jerusalem, at Columbus. This body of Masons met in rooms over McDonald's & Steube's grocery on South High Street. Among the members of these bodies we may mention William B. Hubbard, 33̊, Thomas Lowe and Henry Fields, who are now dead. B. F. Martin is the only living member so far as we can learn. In 1852 the lodge was destroyed by fire and the work ceased. On December 17, 1852, George Hoadly, Jr., subsequently Governor of Ohio ; Absalom Death, John Conn, John H. Gerrard, George R. Cramer, Charles Brown and Enoch T. Carson, all of Cincinnati, Ohio, received the grades from fourth to sixteenth, inclusive, in Columbus, at the hands of Killian H. Van Rensselaer. From this time there was no work done in the Scottish Rite Degrees in Columbus, until Enoch Grand Lodge of Perfection was organized, under dispensation granted by Henry L. Palmer, 33̊, M. P. G.. Commander of the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of the U. S. A., William B. Hubbard, 33̊, of Columbus, assisted in the organization of Ohio Consistory, December 27, 1853. Enoch Grand Lodge of Perfection was organized May 25, 1877. William Cunningham, 33̊, was the first T. P. G. M. under the dispensation. At the first meeting, May 25, 1877, a class of twenty-two applied for the grades conferred in Enoch Lodge. M. J. Mack, 33̊, the T. P. G. Master of Gibulum Lodge of Perfection, presided, and E. T. Carson, 33̊, then as now Deputy for the Supreme Council of 762 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. Ohio, acted as the Master of Ceremonies. Other brethren were present from Cincinnati and assisted. Among them was William B. Melish, 33̊, later Grand Commander of Ohio. The charter of Enoch Grand Lodge was issued March 19, 1877. The following were the charter members: William M. Cunningham, W. A. Hershiser, David Jones, William E. Moore, B. F. Rees, C. S. Ammel, H. O'Kane, George F. Wheeler, J. M. Stuart, Sidney Moore, Frank Pitman, L. S. Dungan, B. F. Martin, T. B. Ashbury, H. W. Wright, J. B. Potter. The presiding officers in Enoch Lodge have been: William M. Cunningham, 33̊; B. F. Reese, 33̊ ; H. O'Kane, 32̊; D. N. Kinsman, 33̊. On May twentieth, 1878, charters were issued by the Supreme Council of the Northern Jurisdiction A. and A. S. Rite for the United States of America, to Franklin Council Princes of Jerusalem, and Columbus Chapter Rose Croix. The following is a list of charter members for both bodies : W. A. Hershiser, Henry O'Kane, J. M. Stuart, R. R. Rickly, A. G. Patton, A. B. Coit, 0. A. B. Senter, Edward West, T. B. Ashbury, M. D.; S. E. Brown, Sidney Moore, Delaware, Ohio ; William E. Moore, Delaware, Ohio ; Horace W. Wright, Worthington, Ohio ; G. A. Frambes, C. H Lindenberg, Charles Huston, George F. Wheeler, Frank C. Pittman, B. F. Rees. G. A. Frambes, R. R Rickly and J. C. Fenimore have presided in Franklin Council W. A. Hershiser, C. H. Ostrander, O. A. B. Senter, Theodore P. Gordon and John E. Sater have presided in the chapter. The membership numbers about 360. ANCIENT ACCEPTED RITE, FOR THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, THEIR TERRITORIES AND DEPENDENCIES. BY J. J. STODDART, ESQUIRE, Foreign History.--In the year 1761, there existed in France an order styling itself " the Grand and Sovereign of St. John, established at the Grand East of Paris." On August 27, 1761, this " Sovereign Lodge" granted a, patent to a Brother Stephen Morin, with the rank and title of a " Grand Master. Inspector," authorizing him to " establish Perfect Masonary in every part of the world." Clothed with these powers Morin sailed for America. At Jamaica, West Indies, he conferred the grades in his possession upon many brethren, giving a number of them patents and the title of Deputy Grand Inspectors-General, with power to confer the degrees and establish bodies. Morin deputized Henry A. Franken, who, in turn, authorized brethren at Albany, New York, in December, 1767, to organize a lodge and confer the degrees " from Secret Master to the twenty-ninth degree." In 1768, Morin verified an official signed by De Joinville, Count de Choiseul, Prince de Bohan and others as members of the thirty-third degree. United States History.—In 1801, John Mitchell, Frederick Dalcho, Isaac Auld and Emmanuel de la Motta attempted the organization of a supreme governing body at Charleston, South Carolina. The movement failed, arid the organization ASSOCIATIVE ORGANIZATIONS-I - 763 was practically dormant for fifty-eight years thereafter. On October 28, 1807, a successful effort to organize a supreme body was made in New York City by Illustrious Joseph Cerneau, assisted by Governor De Witt Clinton, Hon. John W. Mulligan, the Deputy Grand Master or the Grand Lodge and Unites States Minister to Greece ; Hon. Martin Hoffman, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge ; C. D. Colden, Mayor of the city, and many other dignitaries and illustrious brethren. Subsequently, General, the Marquis de Lafayette, became Grand Commander of the order. Its title was," The Ancient Accepted Rite, for the United States of America, their Territories and Dependencies," taking Jurisdiction over all the States and Territories of the Union, as it was the only active body then in existence. Under this authority subordinate bodies were organized in Ohio. Ohio History.— On August 27 and 28, 1884, a delegation from the East of the Order, among whom was the venerable Doctor R. B. Folger, thirty-third degree, the Masonic historian, and the oldest thirty-third Mason living, arrived in Columbus upon invitation and proceeded to organize under dispensation four new bodies of the rite with the assistance of fifty of the local brethren. Before the close of the year the new bodies so prospered that the Supreme .Council granted charters to all of them. The four bodies—Lodge, Council, Chapter and Kadosh — controlled and conferred upon candidates all the grades from the 4̊ to the 30̊, inclusive. The following year similar bodies were organized in different parts of the State. Each place where two or more bodies were organized was designated as a valley ; the whole State was known as the Orient of Ohio. On September 4, 1885, the Sovereign Grand Consistory of Ohio, S. . P . R . . S. . 32̊, was organized and instituted in Columbus by delegations from the different valleys in the State. The ceremonies were held jointly in the City Hall and in the rooms of the rite in the Johnson Building on .South High Street. The Grand Consistory controls and confers the 31 ̊ and 32 ̊, and is the governing body of the rite in the State, being clothed with executive and legislative powers. It is a representative body, all 32 degree members holding membership therein. On June 24, 1886, the Grand Consistory and local bodies dedicated with imposing ceremonies, for their joint use, the "Masonic Cathedral," located at 186 South Third Street. It had been purchased and erected for their benefit by a joint stock company. The building, especially in its interior arrangement. for conferring the grades and its decoration, is one of the finest of the kind in the world. The occasion was a notable one in the history of the city, the building being crowded to its utmost capacity by the members of the rite, their ladies and invited guests. The press at the time paid a glowing tribute to the order and its work. The officers of the Grand Consistory for the present year are : J. J. Stoddart, 33̊, Ill. .Commander in Chief; A. B. Coit, 33̊, Ill. .Dep. . Commander in Chief; S. H. Nicholas, 33̊, Ill. .First Lieut. .Commander ; F. M. Chandler, 33̊, Ill. .Second Lieut. .Commander ; E. B. Finley, 33̊, Ill. .Minister of State and G. Orator ; W. Taft, 33̊, Ill. .Grand Chancellor; J. A. Sarber, 33̊, Ill... Grand Treasurer ; Jas. C. Kroesen, 33̊, III. .Grand Secretary and K. .of S. .& A. . ; C. H. Lander, 33̊, Ill. .Grand Prior; W. C. Gear, 33̊, Ill. . Grand Master of Ceremonies; E. J. Brown, 33̊, Ill. .Grand Engineer and Architect; C. C. Wiles, 33̊, Ill. .Grand Marshal ; J. D. Mitchell, 32̊, Ill. .Grand Standard-Bearer ; A. B. Broes, 32̊, III. .Grand Captain of Guards; Rev. Willis Palmer, 32̊, Ill. Grand Sentinel ; A. L. Vogt, 32̊, III. .Gr. Hospitaller. The bodies subordinate to the Grand Consistory of Ohio, Headquarters at Masonic Cathedral of Ohio, South Third Street, Columbus are as follows : Valley of Columbus—Columbus Grand Lodge of Perfection, 14̊; Columbus Council Princes of Jerusalem, 16̊; Columbus Chapter Rose Croix, 15̊; Columbus Council Knights Kadosh, 30̊. 764 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. Valley of Bucyrus —Bucyrus Grand Lodge of Perfection, 13̊; Bucyrus Council Princes of Jerusalem, 16̊ ; Bucyrus Chapter Rose Croix, 18̊; Bucyrus Council Knights Kadosh, 30̊. Valley of Cincinnati —Cincinnati Grand Lodge of Perfection, 14̊; Cincinnati Council Princes of Jerusalem, 16̊; Cincinnati Chapter Rose Croix, 15̊; Cincinnati Council Knights Kadosh, 30̊. Valley of Zanesville —Zanesville Grand Lodge of Perfection, 14̊; Zanesville Council Princes of Jerusalem, 16̊; Zanesville Chapter Rose Croix, 15̊; Zanesville Council Knights Kadosh, 30̊. Valley of Cleveland—Cleveland Grand Lodge of Perfection, 14̊ ; Cleveland Council Princes of Jerusalem, 16̊; Cleveland Chapter Rose Croix, 15̊; Cleveland Council Knights of Kadosh, 30̊. Valley of McConnellsville—McConnellsville Grand Lodge of Perfection, 14̊; McConnellsville Council Princes of Jerusalem, 16̊. Valley of Newark —Newark Grand Lodge of Perfection, 14̊; Newark Council Princes of Jernsalem. 16̊. Valley of Felicity —Felicity Grand Lodge of Perfection, 14̊; Felicity Council Princes of Jerusalem, 16̊. Valley of Coshocton —Coshocton Grand Lodge of Perfection, 14̊; Coshocton Council Princes of Jerusalem, 16̊. Valley of Upper Sandusky —Upper Sandusky Grand Lodge of Perfection, 14̊; Upper Sandusky Council Princes of Jerusalem, 16̊. Valley of Delaware —Delaware Grand Lodge of Perfection, 14̊; Delaware Council Princes of Jerusalem, 16̊. Since its establishment in Ohio, the Order has been steadily growing in numbers and influence. Among its members are to be found congressmen, judges and officials of the civil courts, ministers of the Gospel and respected and influential members of all the professions and trades. It trains man to respect and practice the duties he owes to his God, his country, his neighbor, his family and himself. Its teachings and practices are moral and elevating to mankind, pointing the human mind to a more noble and sublime state of human happiness and existence. CHAPTER XLIX ASSOCIATIVE ORGANIZATIONS —II. ODD FELLOWSHIP. BY CHARLES L. YOUNG, P. G. M. AND G. R. The Independent Order of Odd Fellows is a secret, charitable organization. Its secrecy consists in the possession of an unwritten and unspoken language, intelligible only to members, which serves simply for mutual recognition. In the early years of the last century one of the English organizations held for awhile to the tradition that the name of Odd Fellow was given to this order by Titus Caesar in the year 79 of the Christian era ; but, regardless of Old World traditions it may truthfully be stated that the Independent Order of Odd Fellows is a comparatively modern institution, though it has gained a prominent ascendency in numerical strength and farreaching influence. Without seeking to establish for it a veiled origin the misty shades of the past, it may suffice to say in this connection that among the earliest reliable reminiscences of the order dating back to the year 1700, or earlier, were unions of various trades or crafts, subsequently known as Odd Fellow Craftsmen, and still later as the Ancient and Honorable Loyal Odd Fellows, from whom, early in the present century, there came several orders or kindred associations, all prompted by considerations of social and fraternal interest. Chief among these was the Manchester Unity, organized in England in 1812, and having a membership today of nearly 700,000. From this last named institution came American Odd Fellowship. Odd Fellowship in America.—Attempts were made as early as 1804 to establish a lodge in New York ; but the first successful lodge, the first with strength enough to keep alive, was founded April 26, 1819, at the Seven Stars Inn, Baltimore, Maryland. Thomas Wildey, John Duncan, John Welch, John Cheatham and Richard Rushworth united in Washington Lodge, Number One. The beginning and the success of the movement came from Wildey's zeal and energy. A Grand Lodge was formed February 22, 1821; the " Grand Lodge of the United States " was formed January 15, 1825, with Thomas Wildey as Grand Sire. To Augustus Mathiot the order is indebted for its emancipation from the convivial character ; to Father Wildey for its early extension and its union in one harmonious body, to accomplish which he traveled thousands of miles and gave time and labor ; and to [765] 766 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. James Lot Ridgely (born in 1807, died 1881), who entered the order in 1829 and became Grand Secretary in 1841, for much of its organization and growth, for its rise in character and influence. Space fails us to tell of Kennedy, Griffin, Colfax, Chapin, Nicholson, Ross, White, Underwood, and others who have helped to make the order what it boasts itself today. Since 1843 the order in America has had no connection with that in Great Britain, and no previous year in its history has witnessed such large increase in membership, receipts and relief disbursements as the last. The Independent Order of Odd Fellows extends over the United States and Canada, and to the fol lowing foreign countries : Australia, New Zealand, Sandwich Islands, Germany, France, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy, Japan, Cuba, Mexico, Chili and Peru. There are over 9,000 subordinate lodges, having upwards of 650,000 members within its home jurisdiction, and an associate membership of 60,000 Daughters of Rebekah, thus making its numerical representation about 710,000 in this country — the 56,000 brothers constituting the remaining membership of the 2,016 Rebekah Degree lodges (their whole membership being now over 100,000), and the 108,000 belonging to the 2,133 encampments, with about 25,000 Patriarchs Militant, being, of course, included in the membership of subordinate lodges. The disbursements for relief purposes during the year 1890 were over $3,000,000, and the amount disbursed by the order since its institution in America reaches the immense sum of over $50,000,000. Odd Fellowship in Ohio.— The first meeting to consider petitions for a lodge was held in June, 1830, in a chamber over the barroom of the Porter House on the corner of Third and Walnut streets in Cincinnati. The petition was signed by Nathaniel Estling, C. Haskin, J. Brice, J. W. Holt, Thomas L. Bedford and J. Gill. At a special session of the Grand Lodge of the United States held October 31, 1830, the petition for a charter for Ohio Lodge Number One was granted and representative James Paul, of Pittsburgh, was commissioned to institute the lodge, which he did on December 23, 1830, in a room located in the second story of Johnson's Row on Fifth Street, between Walnut and Vine. The first Noble Grand in Ohio was Jacob W. Holt ; the Secretary was Samuel Cobb. The first social gathering was held December 24, 1830, at the Hole-in-the-Wall restaurant, on the southwest corner of Walnut and Fifth streets, in honor of James Paul, who instituted the lodge. The first sick benefits paid in Ohio were awarded to Charles F. Hastings, January 31, 1831, amount, $3. The first parade in Ohio took place in June, 1831, on which occasion an oration was delivered by Brother Joseph Barclay. The Grand Lodge of Ohio was organized under dispensation of January 2, 1832. Brother Richard G. Cheavens was the first Grand Master, and Samuel Cobb the first Grand Secretary. The first Odd Fellows' funeral was that of Brother Ezekial Carpenter, of Ohio Lodge Number One, which took place on April 30, 1832, and the Masonic burial service was used. Grand Sire Thomas Wildey visited for the first time an Odd Fellows' Lodge in Ohio on December 3, 1832, and was welcomed in an able manner by Samuel Yorke Atlee, N. G. of Ohio Lodge Number One. The first Encampment in Ohio was instituted some time in December, 1832, at Cincinnati, by Grand Sire Thomas Wildey, and was named Wildey Encampment Number One. The first Chief Patriarch was Jacob W. Holt and the first Scribe was A. A. Pruden. The Grand Encampment of Ohio was organized September 24, 1839, by Patriarch James Read. The first Grand Patriarch was R. R. Andrews and the first Grand Scribe was Jacob Keller. The first Canton, Patriarchs Militant, was mustered in January. 1887. General Henry M. Innis was the first Commandant. The first Rebekah Degree Lodge was instituted at Cincinnati, October 29, 1869, and named " Ivy." John W. Carter was Noble Grand, Julia A. Bird Secretary. The first State. Assembly of the Daughters of Rebekah was organized at Columbus April 13, 1887. Mrs. Lida Leaman, ASSOCIATIVE ORGANIZATIONS-II - 767 of Dayton, was the first President. The first Troop of Hussars was mustered on August 15, 1889, at Columbus, J. C. L. Pugh commanding. The present strength of the order in Ohio (1890) is as follows: Lodge members, 60,000; Encampment members, 20,000; Rebekah Degree Sisters, 8,000 ; Rebekah Degree Brothers, 7,000; Patriarchs Militant, 5,000. The Order in Columbus.—In 1835 Brother Jacob W. bolt, of Cincinnati, visited Columbus and met three or four members of the order at Grover's Hotel, on Broad Street, afterwards known as the Buckeye House, for the purpose of consulting as to the propriety of starting a lodge of Odd Fellows. A person who was a notorious gambler, hearing of the meeting, put in an appearance, claiming to be an Odd Fellow, and said he had the documents to prove it, and wished to go in with them. Brother Holt and the rest, after talking the matter over, came to the conclusion to let the matter drop rather than start with any such material. In 1839 a number of the members petitioned' the Grand Lodge for a charter for Columbus Lodge Number Nine. That body held a special meeting at four o'clock P. M. June 27, 1839, for the purpose of considering the petition, and at said meeting the prayer of the petitioners was granted. On July 4, 1839, Grand Master Churchill arrived at Columbus and at four o'clock P. M. assembled the petitioners, five of whom presented their final cards, viz.: N. B. Kelley, James B. Thomas, William Flintham, David Bryden and Charles A. Howie, whereupon Grand Mas- ter David Churchill, assisted by Milton N. McLean, Deputy Grand Master, instituted Columbus Lodge Number Nine, and the following officers were installed : N. B. Kelley, N. G.; J. B. Thomas, V. G.; William Flintham, Secretary ; David Bryden, Treasurer ; Charles A. Howie, Inside Guardian. The Lodge was instituted in the Tontine Building, which stood where Corrodi's Hotel now stands, and which was currently known as the " Tin Pan." On July 10, a committee was appointed to procure a more suitable room for the lodge to meet in, and on July 24 this committee reported that it had procured rooms in the third story of John Walcutt's brick building on the east side of High Street, three doors north of Town. Into these rooms the Lodge was soon afterwards removed, but they were soon found to be too small ; hence, in January, 1840, other rooms were pro- cured in the Buckeye Block, on Broad Street. Here the Lodge remained until the City Bank Building, of which N. B. Kelley was the architect, was erected on the southeast corner of High and State streets. Among those who were initiated during the first two terms were John Brough, afterwards Governor of Ohio ; David Overdier, author of the State Digest ; John T. Blain, Past District Deputy Grand Sire ; and John Greenleaf, a prominent merchant. Columbus Lodge Number Nine has been a prosperous one, and is recognized as one of the leading lodges in Ohio. Its present membership is 362. The lodge removed from the City Bank Building to Platt's Hall on East State Street, and from there to the Carpenter Block on East Town Street, where it remained some ten years, subsequent to which it was transferred to the present Temple on South High Street in May, 1870. The cornerstone of this Temple was laid July 4, 1867, and it may be added that in the erection of the building the money was paid as fast as called for, so that on the day of completion of the work not a dollar of indebtedness was on the building, neither has there been any indebtedness on it from that time to the prerent. The Temple is valued at $125,000. There are at present eleven subordinate lodges in Columbus, viz.: Columbus Lodge Number Nine, Central Lodge Number Twentythree, Excelsior Lodge Number 145, Capitol Lodge Number 331, Harmonia Lodge (German) Number 358, Junia Lodge Number 474, National Lodge (German) Number 509, Stauring Lodge Number 512, Greiner Lodge Number 540, Dennison Lodge Number 741, Robert Curtis Lodge Number 762; total membership, 3,000. There are also the 768 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. following Encampments : Columbus Encampment Number 6, Concordia Encampment Number 96, Buckeye Encampment Number 148, Ridgely Encampment Number 189; total membership of the Encampments nearly 1,500. The Degree Lodges of Daughters of Rebekah are : Naomi Number 6, Germania (German) Number 159, Indianola Number 199, Ella Dill Number 264, Superior Number 298 ; total membership, nearly eight hundred. The two Cantons of the Patriarchs Militant are Grand Canton Ohio Number One, and Canton Columbus Number 65; membership, nearly 200. To these should be added the Junia Hussars Troop Number One, Canton Number 68 ; Brigadier-General J. C. L. Pugh. The membership of the troop numbers about fifty. The Odd Fellows Beneficial Association of Columbus was organized in January, 1868. Past Grand Master Joseph Dowdall was its secretary until 1882, when he was succeeded by the present efficient officer, Edward Pryce. This association has paid out over $3,000,000. The second Tuesday of June has been designated as Memorial Day, and annually on that date the order assembles in its lodge rooms, or in churches or halls and holds exercises appropriate to the occasion. THE MÄNNERCHOR. The Columbus Männerchor, the oldest musical society in the city, was first organized on October 24, 1848. Its original members were J. P. Bruck, William Siebert, W. F. Marks, Andreas Schneider, Philip Conrod, C. Schneider, C. Baumuller, Frederick Noll, Heinrich Freyer, Martin Krumm, Jonas Kissel, Daniel Konig, William Haine, Junior, and George Schneider. The first officers were : President, William Siebert; secretary, Jonas Kissel ; treasurer, A. Schneider; director, Carl Schneider. For a time the society met in small private apartments and in an attic over the store of W. H. & D. M. Aiken. In 1867, it met in Hettenheimer's Hall ; in 1867-8 in Naughton Hall ; from 1868 to 1872 in Schraeder's Hall. In December, 1872, it removed to Germania Hall, erected for it by J. & L. Zettler on the corner of Friend and Fourth streets. Here it took a lease for ten years. Its present headquarters are in the Wirthwein building, on South High Street. Among its musical directors, named in the order of service; have been Carl Schneider, I. Machold, A. Gutman, Charles Munster, Otto Dresel, A. de Prosse, H. Nothnagel, K. Spohr, Carl Schoppelrei and Herman Eckhardt. In its earlier career the musical efforts of the Männerchor were unpretentious and limited to local occasions, but after nearly a score of years of practice and training it entered upon a larger field and achieved wide distinction. In the fourth festival of the North American Sängerbund, held at Columbus in June, 1852, it took a prominent part. It sang the welcome in a grand concert at Neil's New Hall on June 5, and on the same day was presented with a banner by the German ladies of the city. The presentation address was spoken by Miss Wirth and responded to by Mr. Krumm. On April 28, 1854, the society gave a grand concert at the City Hall. In June, 1856, it took part in a great musical festival held by the North American Sängerbund at Cincinnati ; in June, 1859, it attended the eleventh anniversary of the same organization at Cleveland. In a great Sangerfest held at Louisville in July, 1866, it won a massive silver goblet valued at $250, offered as a prize by the New York Liederkranz. On its return from this exploit it was received with molt, enthusiasm by its Columbus friends and admirers, many buildings being decorated in its honor. ASSOCIATIVE ORGANIZATIONS—II - 769 Its local performances from this time on were frequent and notable. A series of concerts which it gave at Naughton Hall during the winter of 1869 attracted much attention, and did much to awaken musical interest in the city. Among the most accomplished instrumentalists and vocalists who cooperated in its performances of this period were Miss Fanny M. Smith, Miss Laura Backus, Miss C. C. Bailey, Miss Emma J. Lathrop and Miss Caroline Schneider. As a compliment to Miss Smith's admirable vocalism the society, on March 6, 1868, presented to her a superb set of jewelry. On May 18, 1868, the Männerchor was reincorporated, its declared object at that time being " to encourage and cultivate a taste for music." In behalf of the ladies of the society a beautiful silk flag was presented to it on July 6, 1869, by Misses Schatz, Bühl and Siebert; response by Joseph Falkenbach. On October 25, 1869, the twenty-first anniversary of the society was celebrated by a concert and banquet. In May, 1871, the Männerchor ventured into the operatic field; and under the skilful leadership of Professor Carl Schoppelrei, gave two performances of Lortzing's opera entitled Zar and Zimmerman. In a national Sängerfest held at St. Louis in Sane, 1872, the society bore a conspicuous part. On February. 6, 1873, it successfully performed Von Weber's opera, Der Freischutz, at the Opera House. It gave a testimonial benefit on this occasion to its accomplished leader, Professor Herman Eckhardt. The thirtieth anniversary of the society was celebrated at the Germania Hall on October 24, 1878. Its thirty-seventh anniversary was celebrated in October, 1885. or its original members only Henry Freyer then living. On October 24, 1887, the thirty-ninth anniversary was commemorated by a banquet at which about 250 persons were present. In June, 1888, both the Männerchor and the Liederkranz attended the National Sängerfest St. Louis. On October 24, 1888, the Mannerchor celebrated its fortieth anniversary at Wirthwein Hall. A banquet was spread on that occasion by the ladies of the society and was accompanied by toasts, speeches and songs. At the Metropolitan Opera House, on May 19, 1889, the society gave a successful performance of Lortzing's opera, Der Waffenschmiedder the leadership of Professor Herman Ebeling. The Mannerchor was never in a more flourishing condition than it is at the time of the present writing. Few musical associations in any American city have lived so long or enjoyed an existence so uniformly useful. May its career in the future be still more prosperous and beneficent. THE LIEDERKRANZ; BY THOMAS F. M. KOCH. The object of this association is to cultivate vocal music and sociability. It was organized on August 6, 1866. Its first president was Christian Herten-stein ; its first director, Bernhard Kaiser. At its beginning it was but a small society with limited means, but it soon acquired sufficient proficiency in vocal music to enable it to give public concerts and other entertainments, by which it acquired means to purchase a piano, music and furniture. Its meetings were held on Wednesday evenings and Sunday afternoons at HessHessenauer's Hallich at that time was the most popular place for German assemblages and entertainments. Bernhard Kaiser continued to be its director for several years, and a number of concerts were given with great success under his leadership. He 49* 770 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. finally resigned for the purpose of removing to the West and was succeeded by F. Puhringer, after whom came, in the order of service, Karl Schoppelrei, Karl Spohr, B. Kaiser, Herman Eckhardt, Karl Schoppelrei, Theodore H. Schneider and the present director, Franz Nebenstreit. Under these leaders the Liederkranz continued to grow and prosper ; their vocal acquirements became of a refined and artistic character ; and their renditions of chorus and solo singing were of a high order. Their usual programme for each year included two concerts, one annual banquet and a masquerade ball. A comic operetta was rendered at each masquerade and these entertainments were considered the most enjoyable of the kind given in the city. In 1870 the Liederkranz joined the American Sängerbund. It has since participated in the festivals of that organization as follows : 1870, at Cincinnati ; 1872 at St. Louis; 1874 at Cleveland; 1877 at Louisville ; 1879 at Cincinnati 1881 at Chicago ; 1883 at Buffalo; 1886 at Milwaukee ; 1888 at St. Louis ; and in February, 1890, at New Orleans, where the most enjoyable festival that the Sängerbund has ever yet given was held. In 1878 the Liederkranz and Männerchor of Columbus organized the Central Ohio Sängerbund, composed of a large number of Ohio singing societies. The first Sängerfest of this Bund was held in Columbus July 9, 10, 11 and 12, 1878, and was a financial and musical success. The next one was held at Akron in 1880, the next one at Dayton in 1882, and the next at Springfield in 1884. An excursion of the Bund under the auspices of the Columbus society was made to Sandusky and Put-in-Bay in 1885. At the great Sängerfest in Columbus on July 29, 30 and 31, 1887, under the very able leadership of Professor Herman Eckhardt, the Liederkranz took a prominent part. The next Sangerfest of the Bund was held in 1890, at Canton, Ohio, and was attended by the Liederkranz. Besides the part which the society has taken in these great musical festivals it has visited Findlay, Coshocton, Upper Sandusky, Chillicothe, Akron and other Ohio cities for the purpose of attending dedications of musical halls or on occasions of like nature. The Liederkranz does not boast of extraordinary voices, but it has always had a wellbalanced chorus which has been highly appreciated wherever it has been heard in concerts either at home or elsewhere and has given it a wide reputation. Of its original charter members the following are still connected with the society : C. Hertenstein, B. Kaiser, C. Heddaus, M. Lusch, George J. Brand, M. Fassig, F. Fassig, C. Balz, and M. Muehlheim. The present treasurer, M. Lush, has held that office ever since the original organization. The headquarters of the society are at C. Balz's Hall on East Main Street, where regular rehearsals are held every Wednesday evening and Sunday afternoon. The hall is large and commodious, is provided with refreshment and other adjunct rooms, and contains a neat and comfortable stage. The members of the Liederkranz now number 118, of whom thirty-two are active voices, seventy-six are passive or contributing members and ten are honorary members. The present officers are: President, John Farmer ; vice president, George M. Brand; musical director, Professor Franz Nebenstreit ; treasurer, M. Lush ; recording secretary, Charles Wege; corresponding secretary, Thomas Koch ; financial secretary, Julius Schonfeld; librarians, Henry Doll and Conrad Grauman; color bearers, Stephen Waterstreet and C. Grauman ; trustees, George J. Brand, Henry Doll and J. M. Brand. All the officers are elected annually. ASSOCIATIVE ORGANIZATIONS- II - 771 HUMBOLDT VEREIN. On September 14, 1869, the one hundredth anniversary of the birth of the great German naturalist, Alexander von Humboldt, was celebrated throughout the civilized world. In Columbus the occasion was honored with appropriate festivities participated in by the citizens who were of German birth or descent, then numbering about 8,000. That the honors which were then paid to one of the most learned, versatile and useful men of modern times might not be merely transient, a society was organized which adopted the name of Humboldt, and was designed to be a perpetual tribute to his memory. In accordance with German custom, this society, the members of which are mostly German speaking citizens, unites and blends literary and musical culture with social enjoyment. It also aims to cultivate the use of the German language and encourage the study of German literature. Its annual series of biweekly meetings begins in November and ends in April. These meetings are attended by the members of the society, their families and friends. The exercises usually comprise an essay, a musical programme and a social reunion. During the reunion refreshments are taken by such as desire them, each one paying for what he orders. Annually, On September 14, the birthday of Humboldt and the foundation of the society are celebrated by a banquet. Among the distinguished persons, not members, who at different times have addressed or been the guests of the society were Friedrich Hecker, a prominent participant in the German revolution of 1848; Friedrich Bodenstedt, one of the most conspicuous of the contemporary German poets ; Friedrich Schönemann-Pottof San Francisco; Madame Hed wig Heinriche Wilhelmi, of Germany, Miss Helene Wagner, Max Strakosch and Mr. Conrad Nies, a talented young German-American poet. The Humboldt Verein now has a large membership and is in a highly flourishing condition. COLUMBUS TURNVEREIN.1 A society of Turners was first organized in Columbus on November 16, 1852. It was called the Socialer Turnverein. Among its founders was Louis Bisky, a finely educated man and a talented speaker, who, after the wreck of the German Revolution of 1848, emigrated to America from Berlin. During the Civil War he fought as an officer on the Union side and met his death heroically in one of the battles in the Virginia Wilderness. Another of the founders was Louis Schneider, who now resides in New York. The society held its meetings in the house of Mr. Zehnacker, on the corner of High and Brewers' streets. On July 4, 1855, while the Turners, with the Männerchor and the Grenadier military companies, were returning from a picnic in Stewart's Grove, now City Park, they were attacked at the corner of High and Town streets and defended themselves as best they could. One of the assailants was shot, and in consequence of this about twenty of the Turners were arrested and imprisoned in the county jail. Among these were Frederick Fornoff, Christian Hertenstein, George Brand, Gustav Luchtenberg and Jacob Harris. On July 6, these were all released and only Gottlieb Mayer was charged with firing the fatal Shot, but on July 24 he also 1. The author is indebted, in part, for the information on which this sketch is based to Mr. Carl Stein, Secretary of the Columbus Turnverein. 772 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. was discharged. This event so affected the society that for several years its active existence ceased. The present Turnverein was organized on March 1, 1867. One of the persons most active in its formation was Colonel Gustav Tafel, then a member of the General Assembly from Hamilton County. Thirty-two members were enrolled. The society was incorporated on March 11 with George Hossenauer, John Brickel and Robert Clemen as trustees and John Alten as clerk. Of the original founders of the society the following are still among its members, the first four being honorary : Carl Synold, H. Olnhausen, Gustave Tafel, Christian Heddaeus, Peter Schmitt, H. Schneider and Charles Buchsieb. On March 15, 1869, a convention of the Turner societies of the Cincinnati district was held at Hessenauer's Hall. There were twenty-two societies in the district. A meeting of the Turner societies in the Ohio Valley District was held at Columbus in August, 1872, continuing three days. In honor of the occasion Turner Hall and other buildings were handsomely decorated. The visiting delegations were received and escorted by the local society ; an address of welcome was delivered by Henry Olnhausen. One of the most notable incidents of the convention was a grand concert given at the Atheneum under the direction of Professor Herman Eckhardt. On Saturday evening the societies marched in torchlight parade and on Sunday held literary and gymnastic exercises at the City Park. A convention of the Turner societies of Ohio was held on December 1, 1878, at Turner Hall ; president, C. F. Reis, of Columbus ; secretary, R. Kuhnert, of Cincinnati. A district Turnfest at which six societies were represented, began at the Fair Grounds August 15, 1880. A parade of the societies took place on Monday, August 16. Until this time. the Columbus society had occupied rented apartments but, on October 16, 1881, its present hall, the property of the society, on South High Street was opened and dedicated. The opening was signalized by a grand concert. The annual convention of the Ohio District of the North American Turnbund was held at Turner Hall March 18, 1888. A reception concert was given at the hall March 17, under direction of Professor Herman Eckhardt. ORDER OF COMMERCIAL TRAVELERS OF AMERICA. 1 On January 16, 1888, the association bearing this name was duly incorporated for the following specified purposes: 1, To unite fraternally all commercial travelers of good moral character ; 2, to give all moral and material aid in its power to its members and those dependent on them ; also to assist the widows and orphans of deceased members ; 3, to establish a fund to indemnify its members in case of total disability or death resulting from accidental causes ; 4, to secure from transportation companies and hotels just and equitable favors for commercial travelers as a class ; 5, to elevate the moral and social standing of its members ; 6, to institute a secret organization among commercial travelers for the purpose of accomplishing good through the teachings and practice of certain truths contained in its ritual. 1. The author is indebted for the information contained in this sketch to Mr. John O. Fenimore. ASSOCIATIVE ORGANIZATIONS—II - 773 The names of the incorporators were John C. Fenimore, Levi C. Pease, Samuel H. Strayer, Willis E. Carpenter, John Dickey, Charles S. Ammel and Francis A. Sells. The founders of the United Commercial Travelers were John C. Fenimore and Levi C. Pease. Its subordinate bodies are known as councils and the first, or Number 1, was established in this city in the spring of 1888, since which time the order has been spreading through the principal cities of the East and West, until at present it numbers more members in good standing than any other-national Organization of its kind. By its constitution and articles of incorporation the office of the Supreme Council and its business are permanently located in the city of Columbus. The annual meeting of this fraternity ,is held the last week of June, each year in this city. John C. Fenimore is the Supreme Counselor and Charles B. Flagg Supreme Secretary, with offices in the King Building at the corner of Spring and High streets. During the fiscal year ended May 31, 1890, the order paid as indemnity to its members the sum of $2,373. Not a single claim was contested nor for one moment withheld after satisfactory proofs of its correctness had been filed with the proper officers. COLUMBUS CLUB. This is a purely social organization, incorporated December 15, 1886; capital stock, $50,000. It is elegantly housed at the corner of Broad and Fourth streets, in the former residence of B. E. Smith. This building is said to have cost, originally, over $100,000 ; the Club bought it for $44,000, and has since spent $30,000 in adding to and improving it. The members of the club now number over three hundred. The membership fee is one hundred dollars. THE WYANDOT CLUB; BY E. L. TAYLOR, ESQUIRE. This club was organized in September, 1881, and has since obtained a wide celebrity. It is a social organization with an archeological bearing. The club is composed of seventeen members which was the number at the original organization and has never increased or diminished. In 1891 the club became incorporated under the laws of the State of Ohio. Prior to that time it had no regular constitution or bylaws but was governed by well-established rules which from long use had solidified into laws which were observed as such by the members. In 1891 the club purchased the Wyandot Grove, a tract of land long known by that name, comprising about fortytwo acres situated about eight miles northwest of Columbus, on the west bank of the Scioto River. It was here that the club was first organized, and here it has held its annual meetings ever since. So that the whole history of the club has been identified with this spot. This 774 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. grove has long been considered one of the most beautiful in Central Ohio and has connected with it much of historical and traditional interest. There is here a magnificent spring with a flow of clear cold water sufficient, almost, to supply a city, and this, with the natural surroundings of hills, forests, ravines and river combine to make it a most beautiful and restful Spot. It was in times past a favorite camping ground, for the Indians and was most admirably suited for that purpose. Chief Crane of the Wyandots and others of his tribe pitched their camps here for years after the whites began to settle in the wilderness. As late as 1840 there were still several wigwams standing near the spring although the Indians had years before departed. Most fortunately this grove has been preserved and will hereafter be protected with scrupulous care. The club proposes to adorn and beautify it so as to make it an ideal place to which the members and their families and friends may resort for pleasure and recreation. One of the incidental features of the Wyandot Club is its annual meetings, which are always held in this grove in September and to which each member invites a certain number of his friends. The dinners on these occasions are very elaborate and profuse, each member vying with the other in producing for the occasion that which is most. rare and tempting. About one hundred guests are usually invited and the invitations are much prized. In September, 1889, the club purchased a tract of land in the east bank of the Scioto River, about three miles north of the village of Dublin, in Franklin County. The purchase included the spot where Leatherlips — whose Indian name was Sha-te-ya-ron-yah, a chief of the Wyandots, was executed under the pretended charge of witchcraft, the real cause, however, being his constant refusal to enter into the schemes of Tecumseh, Roundhead and other turbulent chiefs of different tribes who were endeavoring to foment a war with the whites. On the spot where Leatherlips was executed a beautiful and appropriate monument of the most enduring character has been erected by the members of the Wyandot Club, so that this old chief who was slain and buried in the wilderness more than eighty years ago on account of his friendship for the white settlers has at last had his ashes eared for and his memory preserved from oblivion by the descendants of some of the white men whom he knew and befriended when they first began to build their cabins along the banks of the Scioto, and the other streams in Franklin County. In June, 1892, when certain improvements were being made about the monument, the remains of Leatherlips were found at a short distance below the surface of the ground. There is no history or tradition of any other human being having been buried there and all the facts and circumstances are such as to leave no room for doubt but that the remains found were those of the old chief Sha-te-ya-ron-yah. These remains have been carefully reinterred on the spot and will probably never again be disturbed. The capital stock of the club is $8,500, divided into seventeen shares of $500 each. It is requisite that each member shall hold a share, and to this end the shares are not transferable or assignable, but on the death or resignation of a member surviving or remaining members take up the stock at its face value and reissue it to the newly elected member. Thus the club has at all times control over its stock and membership, which gives to it the elements of strength and perpetuity. At the organization of the club in 1881 William Taylor was elected president and Andrew McNinch vice president. These gentlemen have ever since been annually reelected to these respective offices, but on July 1, 1892, Andrew McNinch resigned his office and active membership and was succeeded by Samuel Thompson, chosen vice president in his stead. The other officers of the club are