(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) MAIN STREET, SALEM , IN 1846- LOOKING WEST. 316 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY CHAPTER XX. THE TOWNS AND TOWNSHIPS-III. Perry Township and the Good Old Quaker Town on the North—Salem Township and Leetonia—Unity Township and the Villages of East Palestine, Unity and New Waterford— Washington Township and the Mining Town of Salineville—Wayne Township —Yellow Creek Township and Wellsville. PERRY TOWNSHIP AND SALEM. SALEM CHRONOLOGY. First settled - 1801 First marriage ceremony - 1805 Town laid out - 1806 First tavern - 1806 Post office established - 1807 First Friends' Meeting House - 1807 First cotton mill - 1814 First newspaper - 1825 Incorporated as village - 1830 First foundry - 1834 Sharp's first steam engine - 1842 Anti-Slavery Bugle established - 1845 Town Hall built - 1847 First railroad - 1851 Salem Fair first held - 1853 Water-works built - 1860 First National Bank - 1862 Salem's nail-mill built - 1884 First street cars - 1889 Salem Railroad built - 1892-93 First white ware pottery built - 1898 First natural gas mains - 1904 First suburban trolley - 1904 Carnegie Free Library opened - 1905 The history of Salem is practically the history of Perry township. Perry is the central northern township of the county. It is composed of 16 sections, four each having been taken from Butler. Salem, Green and Goshen townships (when the last two named were transferred to Mahoning County upon its organization) ; and of these 16 sections Perry township was constituted.. The surface of the land in the township is gently rolling, and the soil is generally quite fertile. The first settler in the township and in the locality where the town of Salem was built, of whom there is any record, was Elisha Schooley, who came from Virginia and located in i801. He built a log cabin on section 32, probably on the southwest quarter, which later became a part of the town of Salem. Jacob Painter, also from Virginia, came in 1802 and settled on section 32. Samuel Smith and Samuel Davis located on section 31 in 1803. Jonas Cattell and Elisha Hunt settled on what was to be the site of Salem, also in 1803. John Webb, with his family of seven sons and four daughters, settled on section 30 in 1803. Levi Jennings came in 1808 and settled on section 26. His eldest son, Simeon, born November 7, 1791, was a somewhat remarkable character, and was closely identified during his lifetime with Salem. At his death, which occurred October 50, 1865, it is said he left an estate valued at more than a million and a half dollars. Abram Warrington, Job Cook and John Straughan* settled on section 1 in * Other members of the family spelled the name Straughn or Strawn. AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 317 1804. Zadok Street with his family came from Salem, New Jersey, in the winter of 1805-06, and soon after took up a quarter-section, included in what was afterward Salem. Joel Sharp with his wife and two daughters came over the mountains and located in 1806, John Blackburn coming the same year and settling on section 2. Michael Stratton and Jonathan Stanley, the latter bringing a wife and three children, settled in 1806. Stratton was a carpenter, served on the town committee in 1811, and was a trustee in 1812. 1818 and 1819. Jonathan Evans came in 1804, Israel Gaskell in 1805, Thomas Stanley in 1806 and James Tolerton in 1811. Tolerton was one of the early school teachers in Salem. Perry township was organized in 1832, being named in honor of the hero of Lake Erie. Joseph Wright, Thomas Webb and Joseph England, with Dr. Benjamin Stanton (treasurer) and Benjamin Hawley (clerk), were the first trustees in 1833. The village of Salem was laid out in 1806, the original plat being recorded on May 6th of that year. The plat was made and the first town lots sold by John Straughan and Zadok Street. The village was named after Salem, New Jersey, from which place the Street family had migrated. Other plats were made soon after, lots sold readily and houses were built in, for those early days, quick succession. In 1807 the first Friends' Meeting House was built. It was a log structure. But in 1808 Samuel Davis donated two acres on the iiorth side of Main street, and Israel Gaskell the same amount on the south side. for sites for a meeting house and a graveyard. In 1808-09 a new Friends' Meeting House was built on the allotment on the south side of Main street. Mack's history says of Salem in 1809: "Corning from the south the first house was Israel Gaskell's, situated where Zadok Street's now stands on Lisbon street (Lincoln avenue). The log cabin of Samuel Davis could be seen to the northwest. Turning into Main street the first building was Price Blake's log cabin. used as an inn. Adjoining it was the Friends' Meeting House of brick; further west lived Zadok Street, in a log cabin in which he kept a store. Robert French lived on the north side of Main street and James and Barzilli French lived northward about a mile. John. Straughan's home was on the south side of Main street. Jonathan Evans lived just east of Gaskill's." The town of Salem was incorporated by act of assembly, passed January 8, 1830. In 1842 it contained a population of 1,000. The town government then consisted of a president, a recorder and five trustees. John Campbell was the first president. SALEM'S EARLY-DAY INDUSTRIES. The first number of the Salem Village Register, issued April 12, 1842, gives this description of the town as it then appeared : "Salem is situated about 60 miles west of Pittsburg, and near the same distance south of Lake Erie. It contains a population of more than 1,000, and is located in the midst of a well-improved farming district. It is pleasantly situated on a slight elevation, but the country around is for the most part comparatively level. It was laid out some 35 years since, but has improved more rapidly of late than formerly. Most of the houses are frame, though a considerable number are brick. It contains two woolen manufactories, one foundry, thirteen stores (mostly extensive), six or seven drug-shops and groceries, three taverns, one tin shop, one watchmaker-shop, two hatter-shops, seven tailor- shops, one coverlet-weaver, one stocking- weaver and other weaving establishments, four cabinetmakers' shops, nine boot and shoe shops, five coachmakers' shops, ten blacksmith shops, twenty-five or thirty carpenters, two chairmakers, and numerous other workshops and mechanics of various kinds ; also three lawyers and four physicians, six houses of worship and five schools." An omission in the first number of the paper was supplied in the second, by the addition of an "extensive plow- making establishment, three saddler and harness-making shops, affording employment to. six or seven hands ; one `whitesmith,' one dentist, one cooper-shop, one mowing-machine establishment. One of the woolen manufactories. furnishes employment to near 40 hands." A report to the Auditor of State in 1887 gives these statistics of "Salem Manufactures. 318 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY and Employees" for the year preceding—the figures representing the number of men employed in each case: "J. Woodruff & Sons, stoves, 72; Victor Stove Company, stoves. 52; . J. Clark & Company, step-ladders, screens, etc., 12 ; Boyle & Carey, stoves, 26; Bakewell & Mullins, sheet metal works, 100; W. J. Clark & Company, sheet metal works. 32; Purdy, Baird & Company, sewer-pipe, 6; Salem Lumber Company, sash, doors, etc., 10; J. B. McNab, canned goods, 16; Salem Steel Wire Company, steel wire, etc., 350; Silver & Deming Manufacturing Company, pumps, feed cutters, etc., 170; Buckeye Mills, 4; S. L. Shanks & Company, steam boilers, 17; Buckeye Engine Company, engines, etc.. 181; Salem Plow Company, 12; M. L. Edwards Manufacturing Company, butchers' and blacksmiths' tools, 15; Stanley & Company, flour, etc., 6; Carl Barckhoff, church organs, 35." It will be seen by a comparison of these statistics with those given of Salem industries of 1905, in this and other chapters, that there had been a substantial growth of business in 18 years. MODERN SALEM. In 1905 Salem, with a population of 9,000 in round numbers (in 190o it was 7,582, and in 1890, 5,780, according to the census of those years), was one of the most beautiful residence cities in Eastern Ohio; with more miles of well-paved and shaded streets than any other city in the county, handsome schoolhouses and comfortable, plain though neat church buildings, extensive and excellent stores, and a diversity of prosperous manufactories equaled by but few cities in the State. Most of the latter have been referred to in the chapters in this work on manufactories and mills, while some reference to the more important of those not there mentioned will follow : The Grove Company, manufacturers of chewing gum, organized in 1890 and built a fine three-story factory building on Broadway. In 1905 the company was employing 125 people. S. Grove. Jr.. was president : P. L. Grove, vice-president, and E. G. Grove. secretary and treasurer. J. B. McNab embarked in the fruit canning business in 1875, and added the manufacture of artificial ice in 1891. He was employing from 12 to 15 men in 1905. The Salem Lumber Company was established in 1900. In 1905 the company was employing 20 men. . D. King, president; F. L. Stewart, secretary. Wetzel, Leiner & Company had been in the lumber and planing-mill business a number of years, when, in 1904, they were burned out. They were succeeded by the People's Lumber Company, with W. W. Henry, as president; D. A. Wilhelm, secretary and treasurer, and James Wetzel, general manager. The company in 1905 employed 18 men. In the early '80's Carl Barckhoff established a church organ factory in Salem, which at one time in its history employed 50 or 35 men. About 1896 Barckhoff went out of business. The irsching Church Organ Company was established in 1887. with the following officers: Charles C. Snyder, president Philip Wirsching, vice-president and general manager ; Warren W. Hole, secretary and Sheldon Park, treasurer. Mr. irsching had been employed for some years at organ building in Wurzburg, Bavaria, and other European countries. After the company had operated about to years, Mr. Wirsching succeeded to the business and continued until 1904, when his factory was destroyed by tire. A stock company was organized. which was incorporated February 6, 1905, with a capital stock of $30,000. The company erected new buildings. and early in the summer of 1905 was again operating, giving employment at the outstart to 25 men. The company builds church and chamber pipe organs of a high grade, and was in the summer of i905 engaged in building some large and expensive instruments, with the most modern appliances. The officers of the company were: Williams, Deming', president ; Philip Wirsching, vice-president and superintendent, and . W. Mulford. secretary and treasurer. SALEM'S FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. The Farmers' Bank of Salem was chartered in conformity with the laws of the State, and AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 319 commenced business in 1846, with a capital of $100,000 and 103 stockholders. Simeon Jennings was the first president; he was succeeded by J. J. Brooks. and the latter, in turn, by his son, J. Twing Brooks, in 1862. In 1855 when the Farmers' Bank was a branch of the State Bank of Ohio, the report shows a return valuation, for purposes of taxation, on notes and bills discounted, moneys and other taxable property, $348,224; penalty added by auditor, $174,112; total taxable valuation, $522,336; and the entire taxes assessed thereon, $6,999.30 This was the year following the one in which the treasurer and sheriff of the county visited this bank to demand the payment of taxes assessed under a law afterward set aside as unconstitutional and finally repealed. The demand being refused by the cashier, the county officers used a crowbar to unlock the safe; failing to find any money in it. they made a search and found some bags of coin in a flue from which they secured the amount of taxes. This resulted in a suit which culminated in favor of the officers of the bank. In 1865 the Farmers' Bank was reorganized as a national bank, with J. Twing Brooks as president and R. V. Hampson as cashier. Mr. Hampson had entered the Farmers' Bank in 1855 as teller, became cashier in 1858. and upon the death of Mr. Brooks, in 1901, succeeded the latter as president of the Farmers' National Bank. The officers in 1905 were : R. V. Hampson, president ; W. B. Carey, cashier. The statement of the bank May 29, 1905, showed the condition of the bank to be: Capital stock, $200,000; surplus fund, $40,000: total resources, $624,;95. The directors were : R. V. Hampson, L. L. Gilbert, M. L. Young. J. R. Carey and . F. Deming. The First National Bank was organized and commenced business in 1862. The first president was Alexander Pow : the first cashier Henry J. Stauffer. At Mr. Pow's death in 1879, Furman Gee was elected president and served until his death January 2, 1901, when Richard Pow succeeded him. Richard Pow has been cashier of the hank continuously from 1870 to 1901. and when he succeeded to the presidency, his son. Frederic R. Pow. became cashier. In 1905—at the close of business May 29th—the condition of the bank was shown to be: Capital stock, $100,000; surplus and undivided profits, $75,000; total resources, $645,860. The officers were: Richard Pow, president ; J. A. Ambler, vice-president; Frederic R. Pow, cashier ; directors— Richard Pow, J. A. Ambler, W. H. Mullins, J. R. Vernon and J. M. Woodruff. Thomas & Greiner began a private banking business in 1853 ; they were succeeded in 1864 by Hiram Greiner; in 1866 the firm was Greiner & Boon, and in 1871 H. Greiner & Son. In 1903 t4e last named firm wound up its business. The same year the Citizens' Savings Bank & Trust Company was organized and commenced business. In 1905 the new concern was in a handsome new bank building of its own. The company's statement October 3, 1904, showed : Capital stock, $50,000: undivided profits, net $4,966; total resources, $298,808. The officers in 1905 were: Joseph 0. Greiner. president; L. H. Kirkbride, vice- president ; H. A. Greiner, secretary and treasurer; directors, Ira F. Brainard, J. C. Boone, W. J. Clark, Joseph 0. Greiner. L. H. Kirkbride, E. W. Silver and H. A. Greiner. Hanna & Kridler, since 1890, in connection with their real estate transactions, had been doing a savings and loan business. They were a branch of the Indemnity Savings& Loan Company of Cleveland. They reported an annual local business in 1904 and 1905 of from $150,000 to $200,000. The Salem Savings & Loan Association was organized in 1891. Its 13th annual statement, December 31, 1904, showed resources to the amount of $67,655.89. The directors were: L. H. Kirkbride ( president), J. M. Woodruff ( vice-president), J. E. McNeelan, C. C. Campbell. H. M. Silver, L. H. Dobbins. S. Grove, Jr.. and S. W. Ramsey (secretary ). The Ohio-Mutual Insurance Company was incorporated in 1870, with a capital of $20,000. and commenced business in 1871. The first officers were : Marius R. Robinson. president: Eli Sturgeon, treasurer; J. R. Vernon, secretary. The company was reorganized in 1876. Its line of business is fire insurance only, and 320 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY it operates wholly in Ohio. According to its statement of January 1, 1905, its total cash assets were $56,908.92 ; cash surplus, $56,447.68; total assets, including premium notes, $856,648.92. Its officers and directors for 1905 were: J. R. Vernon (president and manager), J. M. Woodruff vice-president), J. Ambler (secretary), Richard Pow (.treasurer), Hon. Henry Bohl, Columbus. D. Bachelder, Galion, C. C. Snyder and L. H. Brush. EARLY MEETING HOUSES IN SALEM AND PERRY TOWNSHIP. For 15 years or more after the first settlement of what was to be Salem and Perry township, the early settlers being chiefly members of the Society of Friends, there was no other form of public worship than theirs. The first Friends' Meeting House, a log building, as has already been stated was erected in 1807. A Quarterly Meeting was then formed and made a branch of the Baltimore Yearly Meeting. In 1808 the first brick meeting house was built. In 1828 the Society of Friends became divided into two factions. The "Orthodox" party held the meeting house and property on Main street. The "Hicksites," the other faction, held the less valuable property. with a small house on Green street. In 1845 the large frame house on Ellsworth avenue, which the Hicksite Friends still used in 1905, was built. and in that year the Yearly Meeting was first held here. Since that time it has been held alternate years here and in Mount Pleasant. Jefferson County. In the summer of 1905; it was held in Salem, in the -old meeting house built in 1845. "In 1845." says Hunt's history of Salem. "another division occurred in the Society of Friends. Some years before. Joseph John Gurney, an English Friend, came over and went through most of the American meetings, and preached in a manner that set the people thinking. Many believed that he preached the truth, and there were many that regarded him as getting away from the Friends' standards. One John Wilbur. an American Friend, opposed him. This led to a division and for a distinction, the parties got the names of ‘Gurneyites' and 'Wilburites.' But they both ignore the names as applied to their respective parties. By a compromise, during about 18 years, both parties held their meetings at different hours on Sabbath days, and midweek meetings on different days, in the Dry street house. Then the Wilbur Friends built a commodious meeting house on East Sixth street in 1872. During many years the Friends had more influence in Salem than all the other denominations combined. During late years other denominations have increased in numbers and gained influence. The Friends diminished, and much of their former influence is gone from them. Lately the Gurney party have taken to them the name of the Friends' 'Church.' The body here has done much to sustain service and gain converts. In this capacity Willis Hotchkiss, Joseph Peele, Edgar Ellvson and Fred J. Cope have labored with manifest results." In 1905 Mrs. Elizabeth Ward was pastor of this (the Dry street ) church or, as they are sometimes yet styled, the Gurney branch. Neither the Ellsworth avenue (the Hicksite) nor the East Sixth street (Wilbur) meetings had a local pastor. These branches have ministers connected with their annual and quarterly meetings, but not settled pastors over their local meetings. Methodist Episcopal Church of Salem.—In 1821 a class of nine persons was formed in Salem. consisting of Thomas Kelly and wife, John Flitcraft, Edward Rynear and wife. Thomas Webb and wife. David Hum and James W. Leach. The services were held mostly at the house of Thomas Kelly, who was leader. In 1821 Samuel Brockonier, of the Beaver circuit, preached at Salem. The circuit was afterward changed to New Lisbon. then to Hanover. Lima and Salem. respectively. In 1852, petition being made to the conference. Salem was made a separate station. with Rev:' J.. -. Nessley as first pastor. In 1823 they built their first log house of worship. which was succeeded by a larger one in 1837. which they used until 1859, when they disposed of this to the Disciples, and built the brick edifice on Broadway still in use in 1905. Some ()f the early pastors were : Revs. Samuel AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 321 Crouse, Aaron Thomas, J. A. Swaney, William Cox, Hiram Miller and J. M. Bray. Since 1870 the pastors of the church have been: Revs. William Lynch. 1870-73; Thomas N. Boyle. 1873-75 ; John Grant. 1875-76; W. A. Davidson. 1876-79; J. C. Sullivan. 1879-82; J. M. Carr, 1882-85: J. Brown. 1885-87: Ezra Hingeley, 1887-89; G. A. Simon, 1889-94; . H. Haskell. 1894-95 J. B. Youmans. 1895- 97; C. B. Henthorn, 1897-1900 ; H. W. Dewey 1900-04; and Morris Floyd. whose term began in 1904 and who was the incumbent in 1905. The membership in 1900 was 740. In 1890 the congregation purchased a residence property on Lincoln avenue for a parsonage, paying therefor about $4,500. The Presbyterian Church of Salem was organized in 1832. Rev. Clement Vallandigham and other members of the Presbytery of New Lisbon had preached in Salem at long intervals for a number of years previous. On November 3, 1832, Rev. Mr. Vallandigham. by appointment of the presbytery, presided at a meeting designated for organization. Twenty persons were then received on certificate as follows : Hugh Stewart, Ruel Wright. George Ehrich, N. McCracken. John Martin. James Wilson, Terah Jones, John Wilson, William Martin. Hugh Martin, Agnes Stewart, Agnes Wilson. Mary Ehrich, Elizabeth McCracken, Martha T. Martin, Rebecca P. Campbell, Martha *Wilson, Jane Martin, Elizabeth Wright. William Martin. James Wilson. Nathaniel McCracken and Hugh Stewart were chosen elders. The society first worshiped in a wagon shop on Main street. The first house of worship was built in 1842, which, 18 years later. was sold and removed to Race street. where it was used for many years as a dwelling house. The first year after this house was built it was unplastered and plank and slab seats were used. In 1860-61 the house on East Green street, still used by the congregation. was built at a cost of about $10,000. Rev. Clement Vallandigham was pastor until the year of his death, 1839. He was succeeded by Rev. William McCombs. who remained until 1852. Other pastors of the church in their order have been : Revs. J. S. Grimes, A. B. Maxwell, H. B. Fry, W. D. Sexton. DeCosta Pomerene. B. Boyle, W. F. McCauley (stated supply) and W. L. Swan, who was installed in March, 1903, and was still the pastor in 1905. The following persons composed the session of the church in 1905: Hiram Taylor, Mason Beaumont. C. W. Harris, G. A. Bayerd, George Cooper, E. T. Cope, B. F. Stanton and W. S. Arbaugh. The membership of the church, numbered in 1905 a little over 500. The beginning from which ensued the organization of a Baptist Church in Salem was the recording of a deed from John Straughan and his wife Mary, dated November 10, 1809, conveying lots 55 and 56 on the corner of what were afterwards Depot and Race streets, in Salem. for the sum of $14, to David Gaskell,. Sr., Joseph illets and Joseph White. as trustees of the regular Baptist Church. As nearly' as can be ascertained the early members were: David Gaskill, Sr. and wife, Jacob Gaskell,. Mr. Ogle, Joseph Wright and wife, John. Spencer and wife, Clarissa McConner and Mary Straughan. A small log church was built on the property. In 1850 a small brick house was built on the same lots. On November 23rd an organization was effected with 40 members, and November 6, 1824, a church constitution was adopted. Thomas Miller was the first regular pastor, and was succeeded by Revs. Jehu Brown, David Rigdon, Rogers, Freeman. Williams, Blake, Matthias, Suman, Phillips, Stone, Morris, Green, Justus, Ask, Thomas P. Child, B. F. Bowen, T. J. Lamb, John Hawker, P. J. Ward. A. S. Moore, C. H.. Pendleton. G. W. Rigler, R. K. Eccles. C. W. Fletcher. A. B. Whitney, Ross Matthews and Herman Lang—Mr. Lang being pastor in 1905. The frame building afterward known as the "Broad Gauge Church" was erected in 1836. At a meeting held February 2. 1867, it was resoh'ed that all books, papers and property l)e turned over to a new Baptist Church, which was organized February 12, 1867. Forty-two members then joined the Baptist Church of Salem. and the old church disbanded. The Second Baptist Church of Salem was constituted November 8, 1840, as a result of 322 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY dissensions in the First Church over the questions of slavery and temperance. December 12, 1840, the trustees purchased, from the Methodists, a house on Green street. The pastors of this society were: Revs. Morris, Willard, , Green and Kirk. The church disbanded in 1867, in order to unite with the members of the First Church in forming the "Baptist Church of Salem," as already related. Forty-two members from the First and 17 from the Second joined in this reunion movement. In 1869 the large and well-appointed edifice at the corner of Main street and Lincoln avenue was : built at a cost of about $io,o0o. In 1900 the Bethany Baptist Church of Salem was organized by a faction of the membership, which had withdrawn from the regular Baptist Church. Services were held in the Gurney Block for almost three years, when a frame building on Ohio avenue was bought and transformed into a house of worship. Rev. James Lister was pastor. The first Episcopal church service held in Salem was on April 19, 1817, in a log schoolhouse, which stood on Main street near the site of the City Hall. It was conducted by Rev. Philander Chase. Transient services were held at long intervals until 1859, when, on March 14th of that year, the Church of Our Saviour was organized. A vestry was elected. consisting of Thomas Read, S. W. Whitney. S. D. Hawley, Allan Boyle, E. Smith and Robert and E. Turner. Rev, Mr. Hollis was the first rector ; his successors have been : Revs. H. H. Morrell, A. T. McMurphy. Ephraim Watt, C. L. Pinder, F. E. McManus. E. L. Wells, Guthrie Pitblado and (in 1904-05) O. A. Simpson. A school building and then rooms in a business block were occupied by the congregation until 1889. when the handsome stone edifice on McKinley avenue was completed. The vestrymen in 1905 were : C. T. Steiner. senior warden Robert Curtis. junior warden : F. J. Mullins, William L. Deming. Lewis Drereton, L. E. Callen and Claude Taylor. The membership of the church was 120. The Christian or Disciples Church of Salem was organized March 15, 1859. Prior to that time occasional services were held here by William Schooley, Amos Allerton, Walter Scott, John Henry, J. J. Moss, T. J. Newcomb and others. The building which occupied a site in the rear of the church edifice afterward built on Ellsworth avenue, and owned by the Methodist Episcopal congregation, was purchased from the Methodists and occupied until the new church was built and dedicated in 1881. This building cost originally about $13,000, and in 1893 it was enlarged and improved at a cost of $7,000. The pastors since 1859 have been : Revs. Theobald Miller, Sterling McBride. S. B. Teegarden, J. W. Lamphear, E. B. Cake, J. H. Jones, W. H. Spindler, H. Cogswell, J. Lyle, J. L. Darsie, J. A. Hopkins, T. E. Cramblett, M. J. Grable, R. C. Sargent and Walter B. Mansell. The last named, after a pastorate of five and a hall years, resigned. September 1, 1905, to accept a call to Columbus, Ohio. whither he went early in October of that year. The membership of the church at that time was about 450. The elders were: M. E. Farr. J. T. Smith, John Pow and H. R. Kale. About 1855 a Catholic mission was established in Salem, and occasional services held until 1868, when Rev. E. W. J. Lindesmith. who then had charge of the churches of that denomination at Alliance and Leetonia, took pastoral charge here also. He held services once a month in the houses of parishioners and four times a year in the Town Hall. This arrangement continued until 1880. Rev. C. Trieber became resident pastor that year, and November 28, 1886, the church on McKinley avenue was dedicated. Father Trieber was succeeded by Rev. S. Finican. and he in turn by Revs. F. Senner, G. C. Schoeneman, Colon and John T. Moran, the last named entering the Salem work February 11, 1905. Connected with the parish at that time were 68 Catholic and 24 mixed families. In 1901 a parsonage was built adjoining the church, and in 1904 a fine parochial school building. costing $12,000, adjoining the parsonage on the west. The first Evangelical Lutheran Church in Salem was organized January 6, 1878, with 40 members. Rev. William B. Roller was the first pastor. The organization held together AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 323 for some years, but did not prove permanent. The Emanuel Evangelical Lutheran Church was organized in 1895, and in 1897 the church building on South Lundy street was erected, and dedicated January 16, 1898. The church in 1905 had a membership of about 75. Unity Church of Salem was organized in the autumn of 1900 by Charles E. St. John, secretary of the American Unitarian Association, and Rev. George N. Young, of Massachusetts, who was pastor of the church for a short time. Rev. C. S. S. Dutton became pastor of the church February t, 1902. and in 1905 continued in that capacity. The services were held in the Pioneer Block. The Church of Christ (Scientist) of Salem was organized February 3, 1902. The first services of the society had been held July 1, 1899. at the home of Mrs. Ellen D. Meyerhoefer, on Lincoln avenue. In October, 1899, rooms were secured in the Pioneer Block, where services were still held in 1905. A reading room was maintained, as is the rule in all Christian Scientist churches. Mrs. Ellen D. Meyerhoefer continued to serve as reader. The membership had been from 10 to 14. A small congregation of the Church of God denomination organized and erected a house of worship in 1888 on est Main street, near the city limits. For several years up to 1905 the congregation had services with an approach to regularity. Rev. P. Neil was pastor in 1905. The A. M. E. Zion congregation organized in the '60s and in 1870 built a comfortable house of worship at the corner of Howard and East High streets. In a few years a separation occurred, and the Bethel A. M. E. Church was built farther east on High street. Each of these societies had a membership of about 50, and each gave support to a minister part time. SALEM'S SCHOOLS. The first school in Salem was opened about 1804. The teachers from that date to 1810 were Hannah Fisher and Judith Townsend. A log school house was built in 1810, where. Joseph Shreve and James Tolerton taught from 1810 to 1816. Shreve taught again from 1822 to 1833. The Friends erected a brick schoolhouse at the corner of Broadway and Dry street in 1828, which for those days, secured a large patronage. Provision was made for the early schools by the parents and guardians subscribing to an article of agreement by which each subscriber agreed to send and pay for the tuition of one of more pupils. Back in the '40s Reuben Milian. Jesse Markham and Lewis T. Park were successful teachers. In 1854 Alfred Holbrook was made the first superintendent. In 1861 H. H. Barnaby succeeded to the position. In 1863 William D. Henkle began a period of service which, lasted for II years except two years of a lapse, during his term as State school commissioner. Both Professors Barnaby and Henkle served as State school commissioner. The superintendents succeeding Professor Henkle have been William S. Wood, Myron E. Hard. W. P. Burris and Jesse S. Johnson. the latter of whom took charge of the Salem schools in 1900, and was continuing a very successful period of service in 1905. The Fourth Street school building is among the finest in the State. It was dedicated in 1897. Besides this, there were three other buildings, all comparatively new, namely : McKinley Avenue. Columbia Street and Prospect Street. In 1905 the schools of Salem were in a very prosperous condition. In the four buildings there were 35 rooms, and the corps of teachers employed. including the superintendent, the supervisor of music and the supervisor of writing and drawing. numbered 37. The school enumeration of the city in the spring of 1905 was 2,006 and the school enrollment 1,523, which was about too less than it had been a year earlier. that amount representing in round numbers those pupils who left the public schools for the parochial school which was opened that year. In the school year of 1904-05 the parochial school in its two rooms—three grades— had 147 pupils, under the care of three teachers. THE SALEM CARNEGIE LIBRARY. An institution it which Salem may justly take pride is the Carnegie Library—not more for the handsome building on McKinley ave- 324 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY nue, which was the gift of Andrew Carnegie, than because of the public spirit and devotion of I a few women and men of Salem, which culminated in the establishment and maintenance for many years of a library for the benefit of Salem people. The idea originated back in 1895, when 40 men and women of Salem met statedly as the "Monday Night Club" for self-improvement. The need of books of reference was felt, and a movement started to secure the nucleus of a library. A stock company was organized and a charter secured. Shares were placed at Sr each, and in a short time $1,700 was raised. The plan was to expend all the money thus secured for books, interested persons giving their services to the cause of establishing and perpetuating the work. At the outset about 1,200 volumes were bought at a cost of $1,500. A room was secured at a rental of $5 a month, in the Gurney Block. the furnishings of which were donated. In a year or two this room became too small and a larger one in the same building was rented. Then, in 1899, the library was removed to the rooms in the Pioneer Block, which were occupied until the removal into its permanent home in August 1905. Under the original plan the subscribers to the stock were to enjoy the advantages of the library perpetually without the payment of further membership fees, xvhile other patrons were to pay each an annual fee of $2. The limited number of membership fees, small amounts from tines and a few cash donations ( one anonymous friend contributing $100 annually for three years) covered the actual running expenses. The ladies who were back of and actively supporting the movement alternated in giving attention to the library when it was open to patrons and the public, which was at the first but one day, and later two days a week. In 1898 it was made a free public library and advantage was taken of the State law which, upon proper application to the county auditor, imposed a levy of from three to five tenths of a mill for the support of a public library. The maximum levy was made, and from this source from $1,000 to $1,200 a year was obtained, which up to 1905 had been the only fixed source of revenue, aside from that already mentioned. In 1889 the rooms in the Pioneer Block were secured and the number of books had increased from 1,200 in the first year of the existence of the library, to 6,500 at the time of removal into the new building in 1905. The circulation during the preceding year had aggregated 35,000. Sixty per cent of the books read were fiction, against 40 non-fiction. The personnel of the original board of directors was: Walter F. Deming (president), Mrs. C. Carey (Vice-president), Elizabeth Brooks (secretary), Alice McMillan (treasurer), Prof. G. C. S. Southworth, Josephine Taylor and F. J. Mullins. The board in 1905 was constituted as follows: F. J. Mullins (president), W. W. Hole (vice-president), Mrs. Elizabeth Emeny (secretary). W. B. Carey (treasurer). Dr. T. T. Church, Mrs. W. L. Deming and Dr. James Anderson. In February, 1903, application was made to Andrew Carnegie for a library building. He readily responded with a tender of $17,500. which was later increased to $50,000. The site on McKinley avenue near Lincoln avenue was purchased, the deed being dated June 19, 1903. A building committee, consisting of W. B. Carey and T. T. Church. was chosen. plans adopted, and the work of building commenced in the spring of 1904. The structure was completed. occupied and ready for dedication in August. 1905. On August 31st the library was dedicated, Rev. S. F. Scovel, D. D., of the University of Wooster. making the address. The building is 45 by 70 feet in dimensions. full story and high basement. the architectural design being pure colonial. The walls are of pressed brick, with terra-cotta trimmings, the portico being supported by marble columns. The inside finish is of weathered oak, and the furniture and appliances are all in harmony with the general design. while the idea of comfort and convenience has always been kept prominently in view. The grounds. 176 feet fronting on McKinley avenue, and running back 247 feet. amply shaded by large elm trees, have an easy grade. and furnish a harmonious setting for the hand- AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 325 some though modest building which occupies their center. Altogether the library is a legacy which Salem people will long appreciate and enjoy. SALEM CEMETERIES. The first burying ground established by the Friends about 1805, was abandoned in 1817 or 1818. About 1818 a lot of about two acres on Depot street was bought of John Straughan, which property was used as a burial place more or less for 60 or 70 years, and which, in 1903, while for many years it had had no interments, was in a very neglected state. Lots 55 and 36, on Depot street, deeded in 1809 to the trustees of the Baptist Church for a site for a house of worship and burying-ground, were also in a neglected condition, having been out of use for a number of years. A plat of ground on Howard street containing about an acre and a half was purchased by the Methodists and used as a burying ground from 1830 to 1860 and had not been entirely abandoned in 1905, although the remains in many cases have been removed to Hope Cemetery. Hope Cemetery, as it was in 1905, was the result of a consolidation of what had been originally the Presbyterian Cemetery (started in 1833), Salem Cemetery (laid out in 1853), and a five-acre addition made in 1864 by Jacob Heaton, in all amounting to nearly nine acres. This had for 60 or 70 years supplied the principal ground in which the Salem people and those for some distance about the city had been burying their dead. This cemetery had, by the opening years of the new century, fallen somewhat into neglect. But in the early part of 1905 a movement was set on foot through which a fund was raised for the purpose of improving and beautifying the grounds, and a better state of affairs was promised for the future. In 1900 the Salem Cemetery Association was organized under the Ohio statutes, a charter obtained and trustees and officers elected who set about looking for a site upon which to open a modern cemetery. The old Beeson farm (later Ruth's) was found to be the most desirable, and a tract comprising about 30 acres was purchased, which proved an ideal site. Grandview Cemetery was laid off and opened in 1901, and by 1905 wonderful progress had been made in the way of landscape engineering, in the growth of trees, shrubbery and lawns, until, what with the costly vaults and beautiful monuments already being erected, Grandview gave promise of being unsurpassed by any city of the dead in this section of the State. SALEM TOWNSHIP. Township 15, of range 3, in the original survey of Columbiana County, is known as Salem township. It is the center township of the northern tier of townships in the county. It originally contained 36 full sections, but lost four of them at the time of the erection of Perry township. The surface of the land is of a gently rolling character and the soil is fertile and well adapted to fruit growing and general agricultural purposes. In 1905 it had not been entirely denuded of its forest trees, of which originally there was an abundant supply. The township is well drained by the head waters, in two branches, of Beaver Creek. Peter Miller seems to have been the earliest settler. In 1803 he located on section 1 John Blair, J. Gongware and Fred Belger occupied section 2 about the same time. Jesse Holloway settled on section 9 near the same period. Shearer later sold a portion of his tract to John Hilliard and John Rakestraw. Urban Betz with his five sons settled on section which later furnished the town site of Leetonia. David Hardman and Christian Meese occupied section 12 in 1803, while section 13 was settled by the Anglemeyers, the Zimmermans and Joseph Longnecker— Henry Dixon early located on section 14. and Samuel Reeves on section 15, taking up also section 22. Section 16 was held for school purposes. Section 17 was settled upon by William Furl, William Shinn, and Abram Webb in 1809. Nathan Hawley purchasing the southeastern quarter in 1816. Benjamin Gaunt early occupied section 19. Hugh 326 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY Stewart. William Crane and Robert Phillips. locating on section 20. C. Long, C. Bennett and M. Mothinger were also pioneers, locating on parts of sections 20 and 21. Henry Dixon settled on section 23 in 1809, and John, Henry and Elizabeth Hoke about the same time occupied section 24. Gen. Rezin Beall early occupied section 26, afterward selling to Henry Halverstadt. Jacob Karns, William Groner and Daniel Keck settled on section 27, and Garrett Hart and Samuel Shelton on section 28. Nathan McCracken purchased a part of this section in 1812. In 1804 C. K. Betz settled on section 29 and Preston Peck on section 30. James Yates subsequently acquired the west half of the latter section. William Treegarden, James Blackledge and Uriah White settled on section 31, and Levi Blackledge and Mahlon Ervin on section 32. In 1803 Bazaeleel Wells of Stubenville entered section 33. three years later selling it to Abram Arter, George Butz, Andrew Brinker and Conrad Wormer. Section 34 was settled by M. Stewart, John Brinker, Daniel Burger and Henry Wormer. George and Andrew Simon and Jonathan Lodge were early settlers on sections 35 and 36. Lodge brought with him a wife and nine children. The first postoffice in Salem township was located in section 32. at what was later known as Teegarden. on the Erie Railroad. Salem township was organized May 10, 1803. In 1905 the Salem township trustees were W. E. Neff, G. A. Burton and . D. Marshall. SALEM TOWNSHIPS BUSY TOWN. The village of Leetonia is in the northeastern part of Salem township. and was named after William Lee. of Randolph. New York, one of the incorporators of the Leetonia Coal & Iron Company, by which company it was laid out in 1886-87. It is situated on the Pittsburg, Ft. Wayne & Chicago Division of the Pennsylvania lines, where it intersects the Niles and Lisbon branch of the Erie System. The first hotel was opened in 1866. in an old brick farm house. P.--1 later known as the "Leetonia House." This place had been previously known as the farm of David Hardman. This farm house and one owned by Mr. Anglemyer were the only buildings in Leetonia prior to the erection of the railroad station building in 1865. On petition of 110 voters to the commissioners of the county. May 6, 1869, praying for the incorporation of a village to be called "Leetonia," the commissioners—Samuel Burger, Uriah Thomas and Andrew Armstrong—passed the necessary order for incorporation and for an election to be held August 23, 1869, for mayor, recorder and five trustees. A. F. Hill was chosen mayor ; M. E. Taggart, recorder ; F. Fillnagle. treasurer; and J. G. Chamberlain, Samuel C. Mellinger, W. S. Church, H. F. Christy and J. M . Mowry, trustees. An addition was made to the corporation south of State street in 1872. The postoffice was established in 1886. before the village was laid out. with J. G. Chamberlain as postmaster. The first school house was built in 1870. Allen Smith being the first principal. The building was a frame, 26 by 36 feet in dimensions. and cost $800. In 1872 a large new school building was completed. which With site, cost nearly $35,000. It was declared in 1005 that there was no better building than this in the State, considering its cost of construction and age. It has 12. rooms. A good four-room. building was erected in 1901 . The school enumeration in 1905 was 480. Prof. J. W. Moore, who had been superintendent for 14 years. was entering upon another three- year term. In 1905 the population of Leetonia was estimated at 3,200. The business prospects of the town had greatly improved under the impetus of the improved conditions of the iron business noted in another chapter. T. A. Greenamyer was mayor and Jacob Kugel clerk. Leetonia’s first regular banking institution. the Leetonia Banking Company. went under in 1876. when the town received a financial and commercial shaking up. from which it had only fairly recovered in the early years of the new century. In 1905 the First National PAGE - 327 - BLANK PAGE - 328 - PICTURES AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 329 bank was doing a fine business. Its capital stock was $100,000. The officers were: C. N. Schmick, president; William Floding, vice- president ; and W. H. Schmick, cashier. The People's & Loan Association Company had been in operation about 10 years, and was in a very prosperous condition. The officers were: H. R. Garlock, president; C. E. Greenamyer, secretary ; and David Rankin, treasurer. CHURCHES OF SALEM TOWNSHIP. The Presbyterian Church of Leetonia was organized July 19, 1867, with the following members: Mr. and Mrs. Jesse Ball, Mr. and Mrs. John McMillan, Mr. and Mrs. David Betz, Lydia Stetson, Eleanor Beard, John Reeves and Mary E Porter. The pulpit was supplied from February 15, 1867, until November 1, 1868, by Rev. John Gilmore. Rev. I. G. Hall was installed pastor June 15, 1869. He remained until November 1, 1870, when Rev. A. B. Maxwell accepted a call and was installed December 17, 1871. On the same date the first church edifice built by this congregation was dedicated. The house was burned about 1900, and a substantial brick structure took its place the following year. In 1905 the church had a membership of 179. Rev. A. D. Collins was pastor. The elders were : J. W. Carver, C. D. Dickenson, J. A. Greenamyer, William Woodward, L. D. Royer and W. F. Corll. About 1869 a class of adherents of the Methodist Episcopal Church was organized at Leetonia, of which Samuel Keene was the leader. Public services were soon after held in the public hall and a church society was organized. In the early '70's the society purchased the house which had been occupied by a society of the United Presbyterian Church. The early pastors of the congregation were : Revs. Jackson, Ross, Long, Coyle. Chamberlain and Crouse. The pastor in 1905 was Rev. J. A. Rutledge. The membership was near 150. In 1872 the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Leetonia was organized. During 1873 a frame church building was erected and dedicated: In 1905 Rev. Thomas Reisch was pastor of the church, which had a membership of over 100. St. John's German Lutheran Church was organized in 1870. and built a frame house of worship valued at $2,50o. Rev. J. H. Gral was pastor of the church in 1905. The Leetonia Roman Catholic Church was organized in 1866, and very soon was a flourishing society. In 1868, in the time of Rev. E. W. J. Lindesmith, a neat frame house of worship was built, and soon afterward a parsonage was acquired. At the time Father Lindesmith became pastor, there were but 26 families; in 1879 the number had increased to 209 families. In 1905 the society was still a. flourishing organization, Rev. D. B. Kirby being in charge. They had built a large brick church, with parochial school building. The society of Mennonites had a brick meeting house in the eastern suburbs of Leetonia, where a small congregation gathered for public worship. The Christian Scientists had a small society in Leetonia, organized some time prior to 1905. Leetonia has two well-kept cemeteries, Oakdale and the Catholic cemeteries, both south of town. Washingtonville is situated partly in. Salem township and partly in Green township, Mahoning County. It was laid out in 1832. The first hotel was opened by Michael Frederick in 1833. In 1905 it had a population of about 800 and a number of good stores and small industries. The first Methodist meeting was held in the dwelling house of Philip Houtz. in 1844. Rev. John M. Murray was the first pastor. The congregation grew and by 1873 were worshiping in their second house of worship. The membership in 1905 was nearly loo and they had a flourishing Sunday-school:. For-many years Hart's church and those of Washingtonville and Franklin Square were united in one pastoral charge. In 1905 Johnathan Lorrybottom was mayor and Richard Wilkinson, clerk of Washingtonville. Franklin Square was laid out on the northeast quarter of section 22 by Frederick Best, 330 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY Best conducted a tannery in the early days. The first store was kept by Henry Dixon. The first postoffice was established in 1844. The village has always been well supplied with .small stores, and from time to time small industries have flourished. The Franklin Square Methodist Church was organized in 1828. The last house of worship built by the congregation was erected in 1872. In 1830 Robert Phillips donated land in section 22 on which a Disciples Church was built. In 1859 the original building was replaced by a new 'one. Rev. Mr. VanVorhis was the first minister. The Disciples Church in the town of Salem was an outgrowth of the Phillips church. The Highland Christian organization, on section 33, which occurred in 1860, was largely due to the efforts of Rev. William Teegarden. Joel Johnson donated an acre of land, and Rev. D. B. Hyde organized the church. In 1812 the Lutherans and Reformed Lutherans united in the erection of a log church building. Thirteen years later a larger house was built, and this was remodeled in 1867. Prior to 1840 a Reformed Lutheran society had been organized which, in that year, erected a frame house of worship on the southeast quarter of section 34. The first pastor was Rev. Peter Monosmith, who was succeeded by Revs. John Keller, Henry Sonedecker. E. V. Foeght, Henry Hess, Aaron Warner. S. N. King, G. N. Allright and others. About 1824 Garrett Hart, who had then lived for some years on section 31, in Salem township, took the initiative in the organization of a class of people who were inclined toward Methodism. In 1826 a log church was built on the ground on which was afterwards (in 1866) erected what has since been known as Hart's church. In 190; and for many years previous it had been in the same charge as Washingtonville and Franklin Square. THE TOWNSHIP OF UNITY. Unity is the northeastern township of the County, and contains 36 full sections. Its surface in the north is comparatively level, but the southern portion is broken up into hills and valleys. Coal and fire-clay abound in portions of the township. The township is excellently drained by streams of water which in the early days furnished good power for the "mills of the pioneers." which are mentioned in another chapter. Adam Rupert, a soldier of the Revolution ; Michael Baker, Robert Simison, David McCalla and Richard Dildine were among those who settled in the township in 1800-02. Conrad and Matthias Varian settled early on sections 7 and 8. Richard Beeson, John Sands, Aaron and Isaac Chamberlain. James Armstrong, John Bennett, Stephen Ogden, Benjamin Reeves and Joseph Taylor all settled in the township about 1806. Jacob Greenamyer and sons and William Harrah settled on sections 1 and 2 in 1803. The Blackburn brothers, four in number, and James Early settled on section 3, and Henry Forney's six sons settled on section to, also in 1803. Frederick Sheets with six sons and two daughters took up section 23 in 1802. Isaac Early on section 15 and Charles Long on section 13 entered in 1803, while Peter Evster located on section 11 about the same time, as also did John Taggart upon section 25. The Boatman. Crum. Martin. Kees, Cress, Mendenhall, Justison and Hatcher families came between 1805 and 1810. The township of Unity was organized in 1805. The villages platted and established subsequently, and the only ones in the township up to 1905, were East Palestine, New Waterford and Unity. VILLAGE OF EAST PALESTINE. The first plat of what afterward was known as the village of East Palestine was probably made by Thomas McCalla and William Grate, in 1828. Within the easy memory of many residents of East Palestine in 1905, this section of the township, upon which the town was located, was a large body of rich farming land, comprising 640 acres, which had been entered by John Taggart. The home of R. F. Taggart, east of the present town, is in the original part AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 331 of East Palestine, as is another portion of the homestead to the west. The original name selected for the growing hamlet was Mechanicsburg. but the wife of Dr. Robert Chamberlin desired a more euphonious appellation and desired it called "Palestine." the quiet beauty of the little town, and the earnest, virtuous, simple life of its people suggesting to her a name recalling holy memories. On account of there being already a Palestine in Ohio, the government, in granting a postoffice. gave the prefix "East" and East Palestine was the name adopted. After settling permanently in Ohio. Dr. Robert Chamberlin served several Years as surveyor of Columbiana County, and he was also the surveyor for the Ohio & Pennsylvania Railroad. which culminated in the Pittsburg, Ft. Wayne & Chicago line, from the Ohio River to Salem. Dr. Edmunson. living several miles away. furnished medical treatment for the early settlers. but Dr. Chamberlin was the first resident physician. In addition to an extensive medical practice. which extended over a period of 50 years. Dr. Chamberlin established one of the first stores, and the only one of importance for many years : and when the Legislature changed the name of the little hamlet to East Palestine. and the government established a post office. he was chosen postmaster. He laid out one of the early, additions to the town, and, in fact, for many years was intimately associated with all its leading business interests. The first building in the town is said to have been put up in 1828 by William Grate. which near the close of the century was still standing and occupied by L. A. Paxson. It was a log structure, and in it were sold the first goods in the place. by Edward Allender. some time before 1831. The trade established by Dr. .Robert Chamberlin, as heretofore mentioned. was continued up to the beginning of the new century. in the later years the firm being Chamberlin & Company. Among those who were actively engaged in trade in earlier years were : John Crum. J. T. Brewster. B. Young and Young & Company. George Focht opened the first public house of the town about 1830. The second hotel was kept by J. C. Taggart, about the same time R. Barr and J. Hall opened inns. Hon. James Martin, deceased, was the first Republican to be elected probate judge of Columbiana County. He served from 1854 to 1859. He came to East Palestine in 1861. His farm house was located where North Market and Martin streets now intersect, the latter being named in his honor. Where the barn stood is now located a modern home. In 1905 the old dwelling house was still standing at the street corner. Mrs. Martin was still living in 1905. in her 87th year. She had lived in her present home for 44 years, and here her daughter and only child, Mrs. C. P. Rothwell, was born. The house where, in 1905, Mrs. J. W. Hum, resided, in the center of section 10, was built, at least the old portion of it, in 1804. That portion—still occupied—was built of logs, the modern portion being built of brick made on the place. The kitchen floor is of split boards. This was originally the living room. The plastering of the house is of pure clay in its native form. taken from the ground where the house stands. The old log barn, smokehouse and spring-house were still standing in 1905. Ensign's history says : "The most important manufacturing interest at the village was organized. some time about 1854, by a party from Philadelphia, to extract oil from the cannel coal mined in the vicinity. The furnace was superintended by Loyal Case, and the enterprise was deemed successful until the discovery of petroleum made its longer continuance unprofitable." The grist-mills, coal mining. pottery and other clay manufactories and other leading industries of East Palestine, of earlier and later years, are treated in appropriate chapters, elsewhere in this work. The town was incorporated in 1875. The first election for village officers was held April 3, 1876. when the following were elected: Mayor. Enos Goble : clerk, Daniel A. Correll; treasurer, John J. Bushong; Council.— Charles Beyer. James Morton. Joseph Young, T. H. Elser, John Sutherin and B. F. Sheets. 332 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY The officers in 1905 were: Mayor, W. J. Foley; clerk, J. W. Knaub; treasurer. Simon Boltz ; city solicitor, C. P. Rothwell; chief of police, W. H. Bowen; Board of Public Affairs, —M. W. Beyer, H. D. Sutherin and J. S. Early; Council,—H. Lawrence. Thomas Atchison, D. H. Mackintosh, Z. H. Irwin, S. K. Lowry, Ralph Charleton; Board of Health, S. D. Stewart, James Van Fossan, Grant Regel, James Ellis, Levi Miller, Mayor W. J. Foley (president) ; School Board.—Charles Ward, H. J. Fraser, W. S. George, B. F. Todd and W. J. Fisher. In 1890 the population of East Palestine was 1,816; in 1900, 2,493, and in 1905 ( estimated), 3,000. Chamberlin Brothers & Company opened a private bank for business in 1884. The house was still doing a banking business in 1905, with W. C. Chamberlin, president and C. A. Lentz, cashier. The first National Bank of East Palestine opened for business March 2. 1903. In 1905 the officers were: President. W. C. Wallace: vice-president, William Johnston: cashier, D. W. McCloskey: assistant cashier. M. . Beyer. Capital stock, $25,000. The East Palestine Building & Loan Association organized March 30, 1891. with a capitalization of $100,000, which was later increased to $500,000. In 1905 its assets were over $191,000. and its annual business about $100,000. The officers were : President S. J. Lowry : vice-president, L. D. Overlander: secretary, D. H. Mackintosh; treasurer, W. J. Fisher. The Unity Township Telephone Company was incorporated in March, 1905 with a capital of $8,000, its headquarters being East Palestine. President. William C. Wallace: vice-president. A. R. Campbell : secretary, and manager. William Johnston: treasurer. Everett E. Lyon. This company was organized with the purpose of giving farmers as well as town-people the advantages of a complete system of telephone exchange. with arrangements to connect with other systems. and long distance service. By the time the equipment was completed it was expected 200 telephones would be in operation. A military Company, first known as the "East Palestine Grays," was organized August 23, 1875. The first commissioned officers of the company were: Hugh Laughlin, captain; J. A. Sampsell. 1st lieutenant ; and John Flowers. 2nd lieutenant. They afterwards became Company E, Eighth Regiment. Ohio National Guard ; and after keeping up the organization for about 20 years the company disbanded. the men being honorably discharged from the State service. Company E, Eighth Regiment Ohio National Guard, was afterward organized as a new company at East Liverpool. and served in the Spanish- American War in 1898, of which service an account is given elsewhere in this work. Bernard Boatman, a pioneer of Columbiana County, is the only Revolutionary soldier buried in East Palestine Cemetery. A special school district was formed for East Palestine in 1865. The first Board of Education was : J. T. Chamberlin. president; Hugh Laughlin, secretary ; William M. Saint, treasurer. In 1875-76 a public school building was erected in the southern part of the village. It was a brick structure of two stories, containing six large rooms. recitation room and a lecture hall. and cost $14,000. It was opened for school purposes in the fall of 1876 with A. V. Taylor as principal. About 1895 a four-room addition was built. and in the summer of 190; a handsome new school building was completed at a cost of $22,000. C. E. Oliver was superintendent of schools in 1905. RELIGION IN UNITY TOWNSHIP. Religious meetings were held as early as 1802 at the house of Adam Rupert, Rey. John Stough being the preacher ; and at the suggestion of Rev. Mr. Stough the people of the northern part of the township united to build what was afterward known as the Salem or Union Church. to be used by the Lutheran and Reformed congregations. Accordingly. in 1803- 04 a log meeting house was built on the southwest corner of section to. It was displaced in 1823 by a brick church. This building was, in 1861, taken down, and the house built, which at the beginning of the new century was AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 333 still used by the Lutheran and Reformed congregations. In 1839 St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church was formed and a building erected on section 2, which afterward housed a flourishing congregation. Originally services were held wholly in German. but latterly the German and the English languages were used, each about half time. About 1830 Rev. Mr. Prosser began holding Methodist meetings at the house of Joseph Taylor, and soon after regular preaching was held in the Unity School house. A small meeting house was built soon after in the village of Unity for the use of the society, which flourished for a time, but in a few years the appointment was suspended by the conference. In 1860 the work was reorganized, a new building was erected and some time later the society became the joint pastoral charge with the East Palestine Methodist Episcopal Church. Methodism was introduced into East Palestine by the members of the old Burt Church in Middleton township. and in 1865 meetings were held in the United Presbyterian Church at East Palestine. In a few years the interests of the Burt Church were transferred to the village, and the Methodist Episcopal society formed, and a commodious building erected, which was still in 1905 the home of the society. However, in the summer of 1905, a handsome new church building was in course of erection, to be completed in the autumn of that year. The membership at that time was about 400, and Rev. George W. Orcutt was pastor. The New Waterford Methodist Episcopal Church was organized May 16, 1858, in Joseph Taylor's barn, by Rev. G. D. Kinnear. In March. 1859. a frame meeting house was built. and dedicated by the presiding elder of the district, Rev. D. P. Mitchell. This house was still occupied in 1905. The membership of the church was over 200. Rev. J. H. Wilson was pastor of the joint charge embracing New Waterford, Fairfield and Kemble. About 1902 the organization of the Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church of New Waterford built a new house of worship. Rev. George Uber served the congregations of New Waterford and Columbiana. About 1816 a Sunday-school was organized where New Waterford now stands by Richard Dildine and John Roos. Two Presbyterian home missionaries named Kohr and Rudibaugh secured an appointment and held services which were continued by others and not long after Rev. Thomas Hughes, of Mount Pleasant, Pennsylvania, was secured to preach to the settlers, the services being still held in the schoolhouse. In 1823 the building of a small meeting house was commenced, which was used for a year or two in an unfinished condition. Occasional services were held, but it was not until August 20, 1826, that the church was formally organized. Andrew Martin, Robert Martin. David Scott and David Hanna were the first ruling elders. Mr. Dildine continued pastor until 1850. In 1873 a new church edifice was built, which building was still in use in 1905. The Rev. Mr. Kirkbride of Columbiana was serving this church in connection with his home charge. The membership was about 200. The Presbyterian Church of East Palestine was organized March 5, 1842, Joseph Curry, Ralph Martin. R. J. Robinson and Thomas Hamilton being chosen members of the first session. For some years ministerial supplies were furnished by the presbytery. The original house of worship was built about the time of organization, and remodeled in 1875. About 1895 an entirely new building replaced the old one. In 1905 the church had a membership of 350. Rev. . P. Hollister had been pastor about three years. The elders were: W. C. Wallace, D. H. Mackintosh, D. S. Smith, Enos Yoder, . M. Koch and J. S. Billingsley. An Associate Reform Presbyterian congregation was organized in August, 1842, the total membership at the organization being nine persons. viz : John Taggart. David Luke, Robert McFilamy, the Johnson family, Maria Vance. and Benjamin and Elizabeth Blackburn. Benjamin Blackburn and John Taggart were the first elders. The meetings were held in the old Presbyterian Church until 1853, 334 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY when the society built a church of its own. In 1858 it became the United Presbyterian Church. The first settled pastor was Rev. Samuel Patterson, who gave one-third of his time—from 1849 to 1858. Other early pastors giving from one-half to two-thirds of their time were: Revs. Hugh Sturgeon, A. Y. Huston, and W. W. Curry. About 1900 the congregation built a commodious and substantial new church. In 1905 the congregation was in a flourishing condition, Rev. E. E. Douglas being pastor. A class of the United Brethren in Christ was formed in the southeast part of the township about 1855. In 1857 a small frame church was built west of the village on a lot given by Thomas McCalla. A new house of worship was built by the congregation. in the village, in 1879. The church has been connected with the Middleton and Fairfield circuits. UNITY TOWNSHIP'S HAMLETS. The village of Unity was platted in 1810 by John Augustine. Before railroads diverted the trade to East Palestine and New Waterford, it was a place of greater importance than during later years. Robert Veon had one of the pioneer stores, and the following were among the early merchants : Harrison Powers. John McClymonds, John Harrah. David Augustine. Hoffstead & Young, Joseph Taylor. Eleazer King, Jesse Thomas & Brother, John McKerahan and Thomas Keener. Henry Forney, Daniel McCarter and Christian Keener were early tavern keepers. Dr. Hugh Martin was the first prominent physician. He practiced from 1828 to 1840. Other early physicians were: Drs. William W. Heinman. Isaac Snyder. John Thomas, Samuel Ball. J. L. D. Hindman and Nathaniel Dustin. In the '50's and early '60's William Hoffstott manufactured shoes quite extensively. employing a number of hands. Brickmaking was carried on for a number of years by Benjamin Younger. The old mills and tanneries are mentioned in another chapter. New Waterford was laid out about 1851 by John and Robert Silliman. Several additions have since been made. The village now lies on both sides of Big Bull Creek. It was originally known as Bull Creek. John Silliman kept the first store. Samuel and James Spencer. William Chidester, John Nevin, James Creese, George Crawford and Charles B. Fisher were also early- tradesmen. Early inn keepers were Fred Kauptman and Fred Mitchell. Drs. Frank Cox and D. M. Bloom were among the earliest medical practitioners. The water power has always been excellent in this part of the township, were the grist and saw mills w in the early days ere numerous. And so the flour mill, first run by the primitive waterwheel and later by steam. has always been a leading industry. But this business has been referred to extensively in other chapters. In 1877 John M. Ott embarked in the carriage business, and for a number of years employed ten or a dozen men. In 1883 George J. Koch established the carriage-making business on a larger scale. In 1889 Jacob H. Koch became a partner. and the business was continued on a vet larger basis. In 1904 the output of the Koch Brothers' establishment was given at over 1,500 vehicles, and it had in 1905 come to be the leading industry of the village. New Waterford has always been well supplied with schools. In 1899 the Union school building was struck by lightning and burned. But immediately it was rebuilt. The new building contains tour rooms and an auditorium. In 1905 Ellis W. Erney was superintendent. The school enumeration was 180. The population of New Waterford in 1905 was a little under 800. The village officials— Mayor. M. S. Ward : clerk. . C. Cutchall; treasurer. John Koch : marshal. B. T. Walker; Council.—Jacob H. Koch. C. F. Jamison, Thomas Baker: B. Eyster, J. W. Bretz and Simon Unger. The New Waterford Building & Loan Association was organized in December, 1904, and in 1905 had deposits of $3,000. President. Peter F. Vollnogle; vice-president. J. C. AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 335 Williamson ; treasurer, Jacob H. Koch ; secretary, W. T. Cutchall ; attorney, J. F. Johnson. The Enterprise Planing Mill, established about 1885 in New Waterford, was still in 1905 operated by the H. E. Bretz estate. It did a general lumber business and manufactured berry baskets. WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP Adjoins Jefferson County on the south, and is township 12 in range 3. The Cleveland and Pittsburg Division of the Pennsylvania lines passes through the township diagonally from northwest to southeast. tapping the many coal mines located in and about Salineville, which in 1905 was still the only station on the road within the township. Yellow Creek. receiving at Salineville the waters of two of its forks, flows southeast through the township. The township was first settled in 1803. George Clark settled on section 4 in that year, James Sharp locating on section 35 in the same year. Cornelius McLeest came over from Ireland and settled in the township in 1804, while William McLaughlin sailed from Greenock, Scotland, in 1807, and coming into Washington township settled on section 6. Daniel Swearingen entered the tract which was years later occupied by Theophilus Cox. and in 1812 Alexander McLaughlin purchased the land and lived on it for some years. McLaughlin was mayor of Wellsville after the town was incorporate 1, and lived there to be about go years of age. John Farmer, a member of the Society of Friends, and an early settler in Hanover township. moved into Washington township about 1814. and engaged in the salt business. Mr. Farmer and his son James became later the leading men in the industrial enterprises of Salineville and Washington township. George Clark undertook, for a consideration of $60, to "blaze" a road from Yellow Creek to New Lisbon.—a distance of 15 miles. This was a part of the State road from Steubenville to New Lisbon. Thomas Patterson located in the north and John Hart in the eastern part of the township. Hart reared a family of 14 children of whom seven. sons served in the Civil War. In the west end of the "Scotch Settlement" Angus McDonald. Angus Noble and Evan McPherson, with other hardy Scots, were early settlers. McDonald laid out on a part of this plat the hamlet of Highlandtown. McPherson, who had brought with him a wife and six children, located on the northwest quarter of section 6. Later he disposed of one-half of his holdings to Angus McDonald. Alexander Dallas and David Rose came over in 1812 and settled in Washington township—Dallas where William Garside lived years afterward and Rose on the Rose place, as it was known almost a century later, as Highlandtown. In 1816 Saline township—a portion of which, on the erection of Carroll County in 1832, was set off to that county—was organized. The name Saline was retained by the Carroll County portion. and when in 1833 the portion remaining in Columbiana County was remodeled by the county commissioners, it was renamed Washington. At the same time sections 32, 33, 34, 35, and 36 were taken from ayne township and added to Washington. COLUMBIANA COUNTY'S MINING CENTER. Salineville is the only town of importance in Washington township. Highlandtown, the one settlement beside, is a small hamlet in the eatsern part of the township. which was, as already noted, laid out in 1834 by Angus McDonald. Alexander Chisholm opened the first store in Highlandtown. and was the first postmaster. The post office has always been known as Inverness. Salineville was laid out by John and James Farmer in 1839 and incorporated in 1848. It showed but little growth until the completion of the Cleveland & Pittsburg Railroad, and the subsequent development-af the coat mining interests, which laid the foundation for its future prosperity. The life and career of James Farmer is so closely identified with the history of Salineville, especially in the first two or three decades of its existence, that an extract from his "Memoir," by Lydia Ethel Farmer Painter, daugh- 336 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY ter of James Farmer, will not be out of place here. Mrs. Painter in her little volume says : "Our Grandfather Farmer came from Georgia, our Grandfather Butler from Pennsylvania, the one in 1805—(our father three years of age) —the other in 1811—(our mother six years of age)—and both families pitched their tents in well-nigh the same neighborhood. New Garden and Goshen are now as then small villages, no long remove from the better known town of Salem, and it was in proximity to these, in the very heart of the forest, that the new houses were made; cur mother remained in hers until she grew into the full strength of womanhood; and until the early autumn day—the first of tenth month (October), 1834, on which she rode away horseback— light silk gown and all—because the roads were too had for a carriage—and in the little, forest-environed meeting house, was married to James Farmer, our father. * * * They set out for their new home, some 23 miles away, among the wilder and more picturesque beauty of the hill country in Columbiana County. Our father had already made a goodly beginning during the years in which he had, with our grandfather. opened up and developed the resources of those hills and valleys through which the Little Yellow Creek took its way toward the Ohio River, and on whose banks our father had built the comfortable frame house (still standing in 1903) to which, in the early autumn days. he journeyed with his bride. There it was their seven children were born. * * * Neither grandfather nor father had gone into this wilderness for the sake of mere subsistence. Together they began the development of the resources of a country that in time yielded a rich reward. * * * Settlers came, and the little hamlet grew, and in no long time was given the name "Salineville." Up to this time our grandfather and father had made their business ventures and successes together, but, about this time, our grandfather retired from active business life, leaving our father to carry forward the ever-increasing business interests single-handed. The history of the salt and coal industries, in which John and James Farmer were so prominently identified, in connection with the early mills, tanneries, and other industries with which they and other Salineville and Washing-ton township men had much to do, is related in other and appropriate chapters of this work. The census of 1890 showed Salineville to have a population of 2,369, and that of two, 2,353. In the first five years of the new century the business of the town greatly improved over that of the to years preceding, and the estimated population was 3,000. The officers of the village in 1903 were: Mayor. Frank Pumphrey; clerk, . F. Burgett marshal, J. Higgins; council.—. A. Skinner, M. S. Schubert, H. S. McPherson, . P. Luton. E. A. Montooth and A. H. Rogers. The Salineville Banking Company was the town's first banking institution. It was organized in 1873, with J. G. Lacock president and . T. Cope. cashier. It had a capital of $50,000. which in 1877 was reduced to $20,000. That concern was in 1880 succeeded by Cope & Thompson ( W. T. Cope, later Representative and State Treasurer. and H. A. Thompson. who was still in 1905 in the banking business ). In 1887 the latter firm was succeeded by H. A. Thompson & Company. W. A. Thompson ( afterwards—in 1905— county treasurer) having succeeded to Mr. Cope's interest, and this house was in 1895, reorganized as the H. A. Thompson Banking Company. In 1902 another change occurred, when the concern became the Citizens' Banking Company, with a capital of $50,000. In 1905 the officers of this company were : H. A. Thompson. president : . A. Thompson. vice- president : . A. McBane. cashier. A second bank commenced business in 1904. known as the People's Banking Company, with an authorized capital of $25,000. A. Lange being president and Mr. Lowry. cashier. CHURCHES OF SALINEVILLE AND THE TOWNSHIP. The Methodist Episcopal Church of Salineville was organized about 1840. The congregation enjoyed occasional preaching in a AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 337 schoolhouse on "the hill." In 1850 a frame house of worship was built near the site of the brick structure, which in 1870 took its place. The 'latter building with the lot cost $10,500. In 1905 the membership of the church was something under 300. The pastor of the church then was Rev. S. A. Paragoy. The Associate Reform congregation. which afterward became the United Presbyterian Church of Salineville, was organized in 1837 or 1838. at what was later known as Clark's Mills, in Washington township. James Martin and Daniel D. McIntosh were the first elders chosen. Services were held in private residences until 1846, when a modest building was erected. In 1866—the congregation in 1858 having changed its name to that of the United Presbyterian Church—took up the matter of a new church building, but some differences arising, a division occurred, one portion Of the congregation going to Grant's Hill. and the other uniting with the Free Presbyterians at Salineville. The Free Presbyterian Church was organized January 28, 1850. John Thompson was chsoen ruling elder. Rev. James Robertson was the first minister. Up to 1851 the congregation worshiped in the schoolhouse. In that year a frame house was built, which was used until 1866, when a brick building took its place. In 1869 the union of the Free Presbyterians and the United Presbyterians was effected, and Rev. W. H. Jamison became the pastor, who in 1871 was succeeded by Rev. S. M. Coon. In 1905 the pastor of the church was Rev. F. E. Dean-; the members of the session, —H. A. Thompson. James McKenzie, William Dorrance, P. S. Hart and Alexander Hart. the membership being 118. The Presbyterian Church of Salineville was organized May 19, 1864, with 26 members, when Joseph F. Williams and Edward Burnside were chosen elders. Rev. Robert Hays was the first pastor. and served the church from 1864 to 1874. Other pastors were: Revs. S. B. Stevenson, J. R. Dundas. D. D., J. Nesbit Wilson and J. L. Grimm. Services were held for some years after the organization in what had been the village schoolhouse. Later a comfortable frame house of worship was built. T. E. Duffield, of the Allegheny Theological Seminary, was employed as supply in 1905. The membership was about 150. The members of the session in 1905 were: J. H. Gilson, Elmer Henderson, Peter Ferrell. John Tobin and C. A. Prevost. The Disciples Church of Salineville was organized February 4, 1856, by 36 members who had detached themselves from the Berea Church. Benjamin Johnson, Jelin B. Milner and Nicholas Wirebaugh were the elders. The organization was always a flourishing one and in 1903; had approximately 150 members. Rev. H. E. Oldacre wad then-tile pastor. In 1872. under the direction of Rev. P. J. McGuire, the Catholics of Salineville organized and built a substantial brick church. In 1905 upward of 75 families were identified with the parish. under the ministration of Rev. John McMahon. The Primitive Methodists had an organization in Salineville from 1869 until some time in the '80's. when the society became practically disorganized by numerous removals from the town of its members. A class of Methodists was organized in 1819 at the house of Jacob S. Desellem, in Wayne township. Mr. Desellem being chosen leader. Preaching was held in the schoolhouse and at the dwellings of members until 1841. when a church building was erected on Little Yellow Creek. in Washington township, on land owned by David Scattergood. The church was then in Hanover circuit ; but in 1865 the Highlandtown and Salineville Methodist Episcopal churches became an independent circuit. In 1905 the church continued in a flourishing condition—the second church building having been erected at Highlandtown. Washington township has always been exceptionally well supplied with schools. In 1905 Salineville had three Union school buildings—the."new" briilding, erected in the early 90's. with eight rooms ; the "old" brick school building on "the hill," with six rooms, and the small building in the west end. Frank Linton was superintendent. Woodland Cemetery, Salineville's public burying-ground, occupies a pretty site on an 338 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY elevation north of town. The tract which is about io acres in extent, was purchased by the town in 1870 for $600. The cemetery has been suitably improved. WAYNE TOWNSHIP Adjoins Center township on the south, and containing but 25 sections, is only five miles square. The west fork of Beaver Creek flows through the township from the northwest corner to the middle of the eastern boundary, and in the early milling days it furnished good water power. Coal beds are abundant throughout the township, but the lack of railway shipping facilities has largely prevented their development, except in a small way for home consumption. Limestone, fire-clay, iron ore, sandstone and flag-stone also abound, but the same absence of incentive toward development as in the case of coal has been true of these natural products. The land of the township is highly productive, and a somewhat rugged landscape outline renders the scenery very picturesque. Aaron Hull, it is claimed, was the first white inhabitant of Wayne township. He located in 1802 on section 16, and it was not until the following year that other settlers began to enter. Then Adam Poe. father of the Indian-fighting Poes John T. Parker. who was the first justice of the peace in the township; James Hoge, Patrick McKaig. the Thompsons, Armstrongs. Hutchiusons. Sheehans and the McLaughlins. settled within the bounds of Wayne township. In 1804 Gideon Gayer settled on a farm where later the Gagers post office was located: John Armstrong and William King located on that part of Wayne township which was later included in Franklin. In 1805 James Figley and James Donaldson took up land in the township. Section 7, which is now a part of Franklin township. was in 1804 settled by William King. who came with his wife, two daughters and three sons.—John. Hugh. and Thomas. After having entered other land. Patrick McKaig entered a part of section 7. When William King settled. it is declared there was not another settler on the west between his place and the Tuscarawas River. John Fleming, who settled in Wayne in 1815, purchased the farm on section 9, entered by John T. Parker. His nearest neighbors were Gideon Gayer, on the east, on section 10; James Donaldson on the west, James Armstrong on the north, on section 4, and James Hoge. who with Donaldson had located on section 8. William Grafton (who died in 1878, aged 94), with his brother William, settled, in 1813, on section 14, land that had been entered by one Leiper. Ensign's history, published in 1879, says : "Leiper owned a small tract of 22 acres, now owned by Rev. Robert Hays. and situated in Wayne township. This he sold to George McLeest for a pair of earrings. McLeest, who was a dealer in jewelry, finding that method of payment more to his liking than the disbursement of money. Soon after the Graftons, came the Pattersons. Mc- Cords. Morgans, Desellems and McMillins. An early settler was Capt. James ormington. who died at the age of 103, and who claimed that 60 years of his life had been passed on the sea. Gottlieb Northdurft and John Meister. natives of France. who were among the pioneers of Wayne township, boasted of having fought with the first Napoleon. Meister declaring that he had been in the retreat from Moscow. It is related that as. late as 1832 John McLeest owned the only cart in his neighborhood. and that he also owned the first wagon ever brought into the township. William Grafton owned the first grain cradle to be brought into the township. and for the time it was an article greatly in demand. Wayne was early known as a "dry" township. the temperance sentiment always being strong within its borders. A township temperance society was early organized and about the same time one was formed also in connection with Bethel Presbyterian Church. Wayne township was organized in 1806. The first justice of the peace as has been noted, was John T. Parker, who was elected upon the organization of the township. Patrick McKaig was elected in 1809 and Thomas Roseburg, in 1812. The first tax levy PAGE - 339 - BLANK PAGE - 340 - PICTURES AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 341 in Wayne township was $28. In 1821 the levy was $53.75. Wayne is strictly a rural township, there being no towns or villages within its boundaries. Prior, however, to the days of rural free delivery, Gavers and West Beaver were post offices. WAYNE TOWNSHIPS CHURCHES. Bethel Presbyterian Church was organized in 1821, as a branch of the Yellow Creek congregation of Madison township. Rev. James Robertson had preached as early as 1818 within the bounds of what was afterwards Bethel congregation in Wayne township. He conducted public service twice a month. occupying a tent in summer and holding meetings in winter in the homes of the people. The tent was at the first erected in a field on the place afterward .owned by Rev. Robert Hays and later near where William Grafton lived. Andrew Adams, Thomas Patterson. James Welch and Richard Gilson were chosen elders at the organization. Soon after the organization, in 1821. Thomas Patterson gave two acres of land as a site for a church and graveyard, and a hewed-log house of worship was built upon the site occupied up to 1905 by Bethel Church. On October 22. 1823, by resolution of the presbytery. the Yellow Creek congregation was divided, and it was ordered that that portion of the congregation where the new meeting house was built "be known by the name of Bethel congregation. and that Rev. James Robertson be considered the pastor of that congregation." Rev. Mr. Robertson was also instrumental in or- 0-anizina the Bethesda Presbyterian congregation, in Franklin township, and until 1827 preached to both that and Bethel congregations. In 1825 the joint membership of the two churches was 202. Previous to that time there had been revivals in both these churches, and there were large accessions to the membership. From 1827 to 1835 the church depended upon stated supplies for the ministrations of the Gospel. Revs. John Cook. Thomas, Hughes. Nims. Dunlap. Harper. John B. Graham, James Cahoon and others. occupied Bethel pulpit until 1848, Rev. Mr. Graham having served for 13 years. In 1843 Robert Travis and John McDonald were chosen as additional members of the church session. Following Rev. Mr. Graham, the pastors at Bethel were : Revs. M. E. Johnson, who labored from 1848 to 1849; Robert Hays, who was pastor for 33 years, from 1850 to 1883; C. S. McClellan. from 1883 to 1889; T. J. Gray, from 1890 to 1902 ; and H. C. Foster, from 1902 to 1905. The elders in 1905 were : J. C. Hays, D. Robinson, T. P. McKenzie, R. C. Grafton and W. A. Robinson. In 1852 the old church building was succeeded by the large and `substantial frame edifice still in use in 1905. An Associate Reform congregation was organized in ayne township August 12, 1831. The meeting was held in a grove near the home of Mrs. Fleming and was presided over by Rev. James Brown. From this beginning grew the Lebanon United Presbyterian Church. At the meeting for. organization, William Miller, John Homer, Isaac Buchanan, John Walker and John Collins were elected elders. On August 15, 1831, John Jamison and William Armstrong were chosen additional elders. The first ministerial supplies were Revs. James Brown and James Walker. the first settled pastor being Rev. John Donaldson. The second stated pastor was Rev. William H. Jamison, and succeeding him, among others, were : Revs. James Golden, I. N. White, H. H. Brownlee, R. B. Harsha, M. B. Patterson. J. . Best and W. J. Stewart, who was the pastor in 1905. The house of worship still in use in 1905 was erected in 1858. The appended sketch of the Pleasant Grove Methodist Episcopal Church is taken from Ensign's "History of Columbiana County." "In 1837 Joseph Paxton, a blacksmith of Elkrun township, began to preach occasionally at the house of.. Thomas Cross. in ayne township. to a company of people who worshiped as United Brethren adherents. Paxton, Alexander Biddle and others preached at Cross' house about two years, and then changed the place of worship to the house of Peter Coss, who lived on the place afterward occupied by John 342 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY Rule, Isaac Crubaugh was the first class leader of the United Brethren organization, which, not long after the transfer to the house of Peter Coss, was reorganized as a Methodist Episcopal congregation, with Peter Coss as class leader. A log church was built on the latter's farm, and there services were held until 1848, when the present church building was put up. Latterly the congregation has not met for worship at the church, save at irregular and lengthened periods, owing to the difficulty of obtaining preachers." The first Methodist Episcopal preaching in Wayne township was in 1825, at the house of Gideon Gayer. There was preaching there every fortnight until about 1848, when the members of the congregation generally joined the Pleasant Grove congregation. YELLOW CREEK TOWNSHIP AND WELLSVILLE. WELLSVILLE CHRONOLOGY. Settled by James Clark - 1795 First tavern built - 1800 Yellow Creek township organized - 1805 First grist-mill - 1806 First "turnpike” to New Lisbon - 1814 First sawmill - 1815 Postoffice established - 1816 First steamboat built - 1817 Town laid out and named "Wellsville" - 1820 First three churches built - 1833 First newspaper - 1835 First foundry - 1836 C. P. Railroad project launched - 1844 Incorporated as a village - 1848 First bank established - 1848 First railway train into town - 1852 Railroad shops built - 1856 First manufactured gas - 1872 Rolling-mill built. - 1874 First pottery built - 1878 Water-works - 1880 Great Ohio River flood - 1884 First daily newspaper - 1885 Natural gas first piped - 1886 First trolley car - 1891 New City Hall built - 1893 Oil field developed - 1899 Sheet steel strike - 1901 C. & P. Railroad double-tracked - 1904 Yellow Creek township is not vast in extent, but it is rich in native beauty and historic association. It adjoins Liverpool to the southwest on the Ohio River, is very irregular in shape and contains but 23 sections. It receives its name from the two streams which penetrate portions of its territory— Big Yellow Creek, which empties into the Ohio across the border in Jefferson County, and Little Yellow Creek, which has its outlet in the eastern portion of Wellsville. Its surface furnishes a diversity of rugged hill, fertile vale and rich . alluvial bottom land along river and creeks, which render it one of the natural garden spots of the county. Moreover the mineral products of the township, consisting of coal, fire-clay, limestone and sandstone, with here and there strong indications and some realization of oil, gas and salt, are among its natural resources which have attracted attention from the earliest days. These have been referred to in detail in other chapters in this work. The township was organized in 1805, and originally possessed a row of townships on its southern border which, in the changes brought about at the time of the organization of Carroll County, were set off to Jefferson. The land now included in the township was surveyed under government authority, in connection with a number of other tracts, by Robert Johnston. prior to 1788. Johnston was to-receive $6 per day for his services, and at the government sale of Ohio lands, held in New York in 1788, he took some of the lands in payment of his account which amounted to $600; and an old history says "he received about 50 townships in payment thereof, at the rate of 100 acres for $6. In 1895 James Clark, of Washington Countv, Pennsylvania, purchased of Johnston. at $6 per acre. 304 acres, upon which the town of Wellsville is now located. About that time Richard Vaughn and George Clark "squatted" upon a part of James Clark's purchase and built the first log cabin in the township (on what was later known as Sugar street Wellsville ). in 1796 Clark transferred this land to his son-in-law, Williams Wells. At that time Mr. Wells lived in Washington County. PennSV1 Van ia, and in the spring of 1797 he took pos- AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 343 session of his property on the Ohio. George Clark, who had "squatted" on a portion of the land it is said about 1796 for some reason killed an Indian, and fearing vengeance upon himself and family, he moved across the river and located temporarily in Virginia. He afterward returned and located in Jefferson County, four miles west of Wellsville, and represented his county for several years in the Ohio Legislature. After William Wells had taken possession of his land, he lived for some time in a blockhouse which stood where the Arbuckle (afterward A. P. Howard's) home was located, on the Virginia side of the river. Thence with his oldest son James, then nine years old, he would cross the river in the mornings in a canoe, work his farm through the day, and return to his family in the block-house at night. Other early settlers 'in this part of the township were James Watson and George Hill, the latter of whom was the father of 18 children. Neither Hill nor Watson remained long on their land, but soon sold their holdings and went to other parts. Jacob Nessly, of Virginia, was among the early purchasers of land on Yellow Creek, and Nathaniel Meyers settled in 1798. About that time Robert Martin became a sbttler on a farm bought by Richard Vaughn. A small portion of what is known as the "Scotch Settlement," which has been mentioned at some length in another chapter. was in Yellow Creek township. On this portion the early settlers were Andrew McPherson (who lived to he 99 years old). Alexander McBane and McLean "the Prophet." McLean was a Covenanter. and by the exercise of his energies as an exhorter it is related lie "managed to divide the members of the 'Scotch Settlement' upon religious questions, and for a time the Covenanters and Presbyterians were stirred up by dissensions, the Presbyterians having the benefit of the religious teachings of Rev. Mr. Hughes." Andrew Smith. who was a justice of the peace. lived on the line between Yellow Creek and Madison. He was also a school teacher, and taught in a log schoolhouse on Little Yellow Creek. "Big Billy" McIntosh was an early settler. and was famous as a tighter. Daniel Swearingen purchased considerable land in the township, and gave a tract to each of several sons. Abel Geer, an early settler, was known as the "cropped-eared Yankee." He lost one of his ears, it is said, in Connecticut, under a law of that State requiring a man's ear as the penalty for a certain misdeed. THE FOUNDER OF WELLSVILLE. William Wells, on July 15, 1797, received a commission as justice of the peace signed by "Arthur. St. Clair, governor and commander-in-chief of the territory northwest of the Ohio." Daniel T. Lawson, a pioneer citizen of Wellsville—still living in 1905 at the age of 87— in 1873 wrote a sketch of the early days of Wellsville from which a paragraph is quoted : "William Wells lived to see the town which bears his name enjoy a large and growing trade. He died in April, 1852, leaving a large number of descendants. For a number of years he lived in a log house that stood near the old stone mansion erected by him, and but recently torn down. He was a member of the justices' court that tried the lad Carpenter for the murder of the Indian chief, White Eyes, at West Point, about eight miles north of Wellsville. White Eyes, a Delaware chief, was a scholar, educated by the government. He understood Hebrew, Greek and Latin, and intended living with the whites ; but some time after receiving his education he attended a dance at Georgetown. D. C., at which he acquitted himself with extraordinary agility, which caused one of the ladies present to remark, 'Just see that yellow dog. Why, he is the best dancer in the room !' Overhearing this left-handed compliment, lie felt insulted, and determined to rejoin his tribe, saving he 'would rather be a chief with his own people than a yellow clog among the whites.' The trial of the Carpenter lad took place while Mr. Wells resided in the blockhouse. At this time. and for many years after, he went to Georgetown. Pennsylvania. to get his blacksmithing, and to Cross Creek. about 12 miles from the river, to get his milling done. He took his grain in a canoe to the mouth of 344 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY Harmon's Creek, where the 'Panhandle' Railroad now crosses the river, there ferried his horses over, and thence packed it to and from the mill, in all a distance of about 64 miles. He made many trips over the mountains with pack-horses to Winchester. Virginia, taking with him cargoes of ginseng, and bringing back salt, which sold sometimes as high as $16 per bushel." NOVEL SETTLEMENT OF A LAWSUIT. W. S. Potts, in an article in the "History of the Upper Ohio Valley," relates the following: "Shortly after Mr. Wells had been commissioned as justice. a great feud had broken out between two of the early settlers. Mutual friends on both sides had sought the counsel and advice of the peace-loving justice, who had done all in his power to bring about an amicable adjustment, but all to no purpose. Preparations were accordingly made for a grand trial before the justice. A day was appointed. Witnesses were summoned, and all the county, it seemed, at the proper time, had come together to hear the trial. Things looked unfavorable, but an unexpected turn of fortune was at hand. The season was far advanced. A light snow had fallen during the night preceding the day set for the trial, by means of which a person attending the suit. and who had come across the hills of Big Yellow Creek. reported that he had observed fresh bear tracks in the snow on his way to court that morning and added that he believed the bear could be treed without much trouble. On this information being communicated, it was immediately proposed that the lawsuit be turned into a bear hunt. This proposition was too great a temptation for the company to resist. The proposition was no sooner made than carried, as if by assault. and all hands immediately started in pursuit of bruin. They retraced the man's tracks and followed the bear in his wandering, to a hollow tree on McQueen's Run. The tree was cut down, and three fat bears secured, as the result of their day's labor. And now all the parties returned to the primitive temple of justice. But the clay was far spent, and nobody appeared to be in the proper mood for enjoying a lawsuit. It was therefore proposed that the difficulty be made up, and the proposition for the first time met with favorable consideration by the parties interested. It was not the day of temperance pledges, nor yet of strychnine whisky; but a bottle of good old rye, manufactured by an honest man at a neighboring distillery was brought out and freely circulated from hand to hand and from mouth to mouth. The litigating parties were introduced, and cordially shook each other by the hand. and all the parties dispersed, well pleased to their respective homes, and the suit, though it might afterwards have been thought of remains in statu quo to this day. And thus pleasantly ended one of the first lawsuits before one of the first justices in Ohio." James Wells, the son of William Wells. after he became a man followed the river for some years. and then until late in life. he farmed a portion of his land. He lived to be about 94 years of age. Alexander. another son, was a merchant, and was still living and quite active at the age of 95. in the year 1905. The first store in Wellsville was kept— from 1814 to 1819—by Sanford C. Hill. afterward a prominent citizen of East Liverpool. and father of Col. H. R. Hill, for many years a leading attorney at the Columbiana County bar. and Rey. W. E. Hill, a well-known Presbyterian minister. both of whom were still living in 1905. in East Liverpool. The next store was opened by Feehan & Shearman, who came from Pittsburg, and each of whom were afterward postmaster of Wellsville. The first lumber-yard in Wellsville was opened by Allen McDonald, and the first tavern by Jonathan Whitacre. That was in the year 1800, and it was located on the line of the old State road (now Third street ). The first blacksmith shop in the township. and the second one in the county was that of John Robbins, and stood on Robert Dobbins' farm. The first blacksmith in Wellsville was Jared Long. whose shop was at the east end of town as has been related in another chapter, because of the river trade and fine wharf and shipping facilities ; was a great ship- AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 345 ping point. There was during almost all the time between 1832 and 1852—before the days of railroads—a daily line of packets plying to Pittsburg. and after 1834 a daily stage connection with Fairport, on Lake Erie. And the Wellsville Patriot, of January 2, 1849. contains a card announcing the arrival and departure of the steamers in the Pittsburg and Wheeling daily line, viz.: the "James Nelson." "Consul" and "St. Anthony," and of the Bridgeport and Sunfish packet "Wellsville." The same paper contains the advertising cards of H. & S. Cope, saddlery, harness, etc. : J. M. Jenkins. attor- ney-at-law : Fulton Foundry & Machine Works of Phillip F. Geisse; . Wells. dry goods ; A. Rogers & Company, wagon and carriage-makers; George Wells. warehouse : A. McKenzie. marble-yard ; Walker & Kirker. drug-store; Geisse & Fogo, new warehouse : and the professional cards of the following physicians : Drs. Mackenzie & Buchanan : J. Stephenson, J. B. Hill. . S. Mackintosh and G. . Luty. Dr. N. K. Mackenzie, who is the first mentioned in the foregoing list. represented his senatorial district in the Ohio State Senate for two terms, and in 1905 was still living, though quite feeble, having retired from practice but a few years previous THE “FOURTH" IN THE EARLY '60s. The paper already quoted. of date of July 3, 1860, tells something of the preparations to celebrate the following day—the Fourth of July. It says : "The following merchants agree to close on the 4th of July, 1860: A. Denham, Prosser & Wells, James Stewart, John Gaddis. Henderson & Bleakly. B. Evans, Lawson & Wells, Nicholsen & Robinson, William Lawrence, H. S. Wilson, C. M. Hamilton. H. & S. Cope, H. Van Fossan. T. W. Riggs, Geisse & Fogo, Stevenson, Haley & Company. T. H. Prosser F. R. Vantvne. H. Koontz, Rogers & Smith. . M. Hamilton. . M. Bright. A. Wells & Son, J. H. Coleman, O. M. Stevens, P. F. Geisse, Stewart & Hibbetts, Mrs. Burns. H. H. Laverty, John Atkinson." The Patriot goes on to say : "The big gun with which the patriotic citizens design to herald the dawn of tomorrow (the Fourth), we take pleasure in stating, is the work of the operatives in the Fulton Foundry & Machine Works of our enterprising fellow-townsman, P. F. Geisse. Esq. The gun is four feet long, it inches across the breech, with a 3-inch bore. It was constructed expressly for the occasion, Mr. Geisse furnishing gratuitously the requisite machinery. tools, etc., and his employees giving their time and labor, free of charge, while the material was furnished by the contributing citizens." This "big gun" was used on similar occasions for many years afterward. At the Fourth of July celebration referred to, John S. Bleakly read the Declaration of Independence and addresses were made by "Revs. Messrs. Sears and Endslev and Mr. Ogle; there were odes sung, and in the evening a musical entertainment." The number of the paper referred to gives these "census results:" 1860    1850 Decrease Population of Columbiana County. 32,845 - 33,621 - 776 The publisher of the Wellsville Patriot, William L. Clarke, was even thus early suspected of sympathizing with those who would disrupt the Union. And so. as though he would "straddle" the entire subject of politics, at least until he might decide upon which side of the fence he had better alight, he printed at the head of his editorial column all of the four presidential tickets nominated in 1860, as follows : A. Lincoln and Hanibal Hamlin John C. Breckinridge and Gen. Jos. Lane. John Bell and Edward Everett. Stephen A. Douglas and Herschel V. Johnson. The vote for President in Columbiana County at that memorable election of 1860 was : Lincoln. 3,346; Douglas, 2,132; Breckinridge, 307; Bell, 103. So that in a total vote of 6,388, Lincoln received a majority over all the other candidates of 1,304. The Cleveland & Pittsburg Railroad car shops, since their erection in 1856, always rep- 346 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY resented an important element in Wellsville's industries. These, however, have been referred to in an appropriate chapter. WELLSVILLE'S FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. Wellsville has always had solid financial institutions, since the first of the kind in the town's history, in 1848, when D. & D. McDonald organized a private bank in connection with their general store. McIntosh & Company, in early '50s kept a private bank, and Still later McIntosh & McCullough and McCullough & Company. In 1863 the Wellsville Savings Bank was organized, with the following directors: E. S. Taylor, Alexander Smith, Alexander Denham, J. A. Riddle, Alexander Wells, George Wells, William Bleakly, Donald Davidson and Laughlin McLean. The bank carried a deposit account of about $80,000. It closed its business in 1865, its stockholders organizing the First National Bank. May 1st of that year. During the greater part of the bank's period of existence. Gen. James W. Reilly waS preSident; James Henderson, cashier and H. B. Nicholson, teller or cashier. The capital stock of this bank was $50.000. The People's National Bank was organized August 6, 1902, with a capital of $100,000. Directors: President, P. F. Smith; vice-president, D. S. Brookman ; cashier, H. B. Nicholson; H. C. Desellem. C. E. McKim, C. G. Stevenson and F. L. Wells. In August. 1905, the bank’s condition was: Surplus and profits, $16.000; deposits, $458.000; loans and discounts, $383,600: U. S. and other bonds. $110,000; total resources, $686,239.74. The bank had been made one of the State depositories. In June, 1903, the First National Bank went into liquidation, the stock, deposits and entire business being taken over by the Peoplesis National Bank. In 1905 the bank moved into its own new building, which was one of the finest in Eastern Ohio. The Silver Banking Company was established in 1884, with a capital of $50,000. In 1905 the bank waS doing a good and safe business. Thomas H. Silver was president and T. R. Andrews. cashier. The company occupies its own building. The Central Building & Loan Company of Wellsville was organized in 1892. In 1905 its assets were $400,000. President, P. M. Smith: vice-president, A. D. Forbes: Secretary, W. A. Snediker. The Perpetual Savings & Loan Company of Wellsville was organized about the same time aS the Central. The statement of March 5, 1905, Showed total resources, $693,987.69. J. C. Catlett. president; D. S. Brookman, vice-president ; F. L. WellS, Secretary; H. B. Nicholson, treasurer. The Wellsville Building Company, the first association of the kind .in the town, was organized back in the '60s. William Bleakly being president and W. G. Wells. secretary. Later came the Citizens' Building & Loan Company and the Mechanics' Building & Loan Company. These were what were known as "terminating companies," and ran their course from 11 to 12 years. WELLSVILLE'S CHURCHES. The pioneers of what is now Wellsville enjoyed religious services as early as 1800. Among the first Presbyterian preachers to visit the section was Rev. George Scott. He I and several others preached at the house of George Wilhelm. on the Virginia side of the Ohio, opposite Wellsville. and at a later date Rev. Thomas E. Hughes. Rev. Mr. Hale and others preached occasionally at Wellsville, in the woods and tents during the summer season. and in the winter in the schoolhouses. A brick schoolhouse built on Main street about 1829 was used in common by several denominations. In 1832 the First Presbyterian Church was organized with about 26 members. The first elders were Alexander McBeth. John Mitchell and George Johnston. The first house of worship was erected on the river bank, near the cite of the-old—sawmill. In 1852 a new house was built on Front street. which building was burned August 27, 1869. On the following day work was commenced on the fine brick building, which in 1905 was still occupied by the congregation. The building cost $18,000 and there is a parsonage adjoining which is. AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 347 valued at $4,500. The pastors of the church were : Revs. Thomas E. Hughes, William . Orr, Thomas McGill, John M. Lowry, Thomas B. Gordon, W. W. Lafferty, Thomas McCurdy, J. Wickoff, J. C. Meloy, S. M. Davis, H. W. Lowry, L. F. Lafferty and William J. Hutcheson. The last named was the incumbent in 1905, when the members of the session were : Angus Noble, John D. Roberts, G. McGregor, J. W. Quinn, R. B. Parke and J. L. McDonald. The United Presbyterian Church of Wellsville, or the Associate Reform Church as it was then, was organized May 29, 1848. The meeting was held in the Methodist Protestant Church building, and Alexander Rose, Wallace Fogo and Robert Ralston were chosen elders. The first pastor was Rev. J. C. Campbell, who began his labors in 1848 and served the congregation until 1855. The subsequent pastors have been: Revs. Joseph Andrews, 1859-69 ; James Day Brownlee, 1870-75 ; John A. Bailey, 1877-82; Joseph G. Kennedy, 1884- 93; William A. Littell, 1895-98; William M. Glasgow, 1899-April, 1905. Rev. Frank D. Lindley, of Mansfield, Ohio. had accepted a call, and was expected to enter upon the work of the pastorate September 1, 1905. The first house of worship, a modest structure, was built in 1849, this building being replaced in 1872 by the one still in use in 1905, at a cost of $16,000. The session in 1904 was composed of these persons : H. B. Andrews, S. G. Connell, Philip Fraser, J. L. Junkin, D. H. Harper, J. R. Stoakes and F. M. Hawley. The congregation owns a handsome parsonage valued at $8,000. The Methodist Episcopal Church of Wellsville had its beginning in a class organized about 1800 by Rev. John Callahan. The organization was effected at the house of William Wells, among the original members being Ann Wells, Robert and Jane Dobbins. Samuel and Eliza Flowers and William and Margaret Richardson. This class is supposed to have been the firSt ever organized in Ohio. Among the early preachers were : Revs. Essex Stoneman, Askins, Reid. Charles Church. Watts, Baker and Seisel. The earliest class leaders were William Wells and Robert Dobbins. Preaching was for some years held in William Wells' residence and in a log house built by James Clark. In 1826 and 1827 services were held in the little shop of Joseph Wells. After that date the Methodist classy in common with other denominations, occupied a brick sch00lhouse built by the village. In: 1833 a plain building waS erected on a lot donated by William Wells. The second building was erected in 1877, being dedicated October 25th of that year. In 1884 the church was enlarged and remodeled at a cost of $3,000, and again in 1900, at, a cost of $7,000. In 1888 a . parsonage was built at a cost of $7,000. The: pastors who have served the congregation since: 1833 are as follows : Revs. Young, Mahon,. Ruyler, David Sharp, John White, J. J. Swazee, Lewis Burton, John Spencer, Thomas McGrath, N. Callender, C. Jackson, M. P. Jamison, J. Gibson, F. McCleary, G. A. Lowman, E. T. Fletcher, A. L. Petty, A. J. Eusly, Edward Burkett. Samuel Babcock, Stephen Minor, James Henderson, J. M. Carr, J. H. Hollingshead, J. Conkle, Lewis Payne, J. W. Toland, H. Miller, W. H. Rider, G. F. Oliver, J. M. Carr, S. Burt. J. S. Rager, E. D. Holtz, C. E. Clark and J. W. Toland, who was in his. second year in 1905. The membership in the latter year numbered 567. The Methodist Protestant Church of Wellsville was organized in 1829, in the house of Joseph Wells, by Rev. George Brown, with the following members : Joseph and Hezekiah Wells, Christopher and Sarah Murray, N. Murray, William Seuter and George and Sarah. Gibbons. In 1833 a building was erected,. which was enlarged and remodeled in 1878. The pastors who served the church while it was a part of a circuit were : Revs. William Reeves ( whose wife occupied the pulpit once each month during her husband's ministry), Rufus Richardson. Edward Paulton and Jeremiah Browning. After that the church was a mission point for a number of years, among ; the pastors being Revs. W. W. Arnot, W. Maynard, Thomas Cullen, Joseph Ray, W. Hastings, C. Callahan. William Case, J. B. Wilkin, D. Truman, E. S. Hoagland, M. L.. 348 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY Jennings, S. S. Fisher, . 0. Scott, J. A. Barnes, L. C. WellS and C. H. Beck. The membership in 1905 was about 300. The church building was burned in 1891, and a new and handsome building was dedicated October 9, 1892. The Church of the Ascension (Episcopal) organized in 1863, although an informal mission and Sunday-school organization had existed some years prior to that date. The firSt vestry of the parish was composed of E. H. Ayer, A. M. Haley, J. T. Smith, C. E. Gorham, William Haley. J. R. Bagley, and R. W. Ransom. In 1864 C. E. Gorham removed from Wellsville, and John Thomas, having located in Wellsville as superintendent of the Cleveland & Pittsburg Railroad, was chosen to fill the vacancy thus caused, and during the years that Mr. Thomas remained in Wellsville he continued to be one of the main-stays of the little church. In 1869 and 1870 a church edifice and rectory were built. The rectors of the church since its organization have been Revs. Lee, Gilbert. Hubbell, McMurphy, Coleman, Butler, Long, Badger, Burke, Cogswell, Williams, Edwards and R. K. Caulk. The membership of the church in 1905 was a little less than 100. The Christian Church was organized in 1843 with a membership of about 50. The first building was a log house built about 1844. In 1845 William Wells donated a lot on Main street to the congregation and a brick house of worship was built. In 1896 the handsome structure still in use in 1905 was built at a cost of $50,000. In the latter year the membership numbered 350. The ministers who had served the church were: Revs. Reagle, Lamphear, Beaumont, Henry and John White, Hilleck. Cohen, Baxter. Young, VanHorn, Hayden, Jones, Tilcock, Lytle, Bower. Miller, Barnes and W. C. Prewett (in 1905). The Church of the Immaculate Conception was founded in 1834 by Rev. James Conlin : but less than a dozen families formed the nucleus of the parish until 1858. when the Rev. D. Tighe began monthly visits, which he continued for seven years. Rev. P. J. McGuire was pastor for nine years. During his pastor ate the brick edifice of later years was built. The succeeding pastors were Fathers Cullen, Cahil, Carroll, Drohan, Halligan and Crotty. During Father Halligans’s pastorate a beautiful site, with parochial residence upon it, and sufficiently large for church and school buildings, was purchased, at a cost of $14.000. A large and handsome parochial school building was completed in 1905. The Second Presbyterian Church of Wellsville was organized May 5, 1896, a handsome frame church building being erected on Nicholson avenue. The first pastor was Rev. C. L. McKee, who served the .congregation from the . organization until` March. 1904. Rev. B. M. Price was called soon after the vacancy occurred, accepted, and was installed June 19, 1904. The membership in 1905 was about 100 and increasing steadily, the members of the session being J. S. McLean, Benson Peeples. H. H. Sproul. G. W. White, John H. Lewis and E. S. Mills. The Wellsville A. M. E. Church was organized in 1887, a small building on Broadway purchased and -transformed into a house of worship, and Rev. J. H. Mason settled as pastor. Other paStors have been Revs. W. T. Artis, B. M. Carson, Eaton and Rev. L. A. Upshaw. The membership in 1905 was about thirty. The First Evangelical Church, with a neat and comfortable building, on Third street, erected about 1896. had in 1905 started upon what seemed to give promise of an era of prosperity. Rev. W. A. Vandersall was the pastor. The Swedish Lutheran congregation of Wellsville was organized January 7, 1903, with a membership of 30. Rev. Philip Andreen was the pastor, coming from Pittsburg, to hold services. and preaching to the congregation once a month. The Oak Ridge Presbyterian Church, located in Yellow Creek township about four miles west of Wellsville, was organized in 1852 by members of the Yellow Creek church. and of the First Presbyterian Church of Wellsville. A church building had been erected in 1850, two years prior to the organization, the original idea being to have a convenient house of AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 349 worship, without immediate reference to organization. The organization was affected by a session composed of Rev. John Price as moderator, and Elders John McKenzie and John Huston; There were about 25 members, originally, of whom James Martin, William C. Smith and William Workman were chosen elders. The first settled pastor, in 1852, was Rev. John Price, who was succeeded by Revs. John Arthur, Brown. David Hargest N. K. Crowe. W. E. Sloane. T. V. Milligan, and David Hargest again since 1904 as stated supply. The elders in 1905 were A. G. Smith and A. G. McGarvey. EARLY SCHOOLS OF YELLOW CREEK TOWNSHIP. Second only to the church in importance in Yellow Creek township was the public school. The first in the township was taught in 1800 by Richard Boyce. in a log schoolhouse, built by William Wells, Robert Dobbins and Edward Devore, the latter a colored man and one of the early settlers of Liverpool township. Mr. Wells agreed to contribute the compensation for five pupils. and Devore agreed to send and pay for four pupils. This was the beginning, of the school which was located on Robert Dobbins' farm, which for some years was taught by Richard and Timothy Boyce. brothers. The next teacher in this school was William Marsh, a Welshman. Soon after this two log schoolhouses were built, one on the site of ellsville near. the river and one on Henry Atens’s farm. In the latter Alexander Brown was an early teacher. Richard Boyce taught in a schoolhouse on William Foulk's farm, and in 1815 he taught in a schoolhouse on the farm afterwards owned by John McDonald. Andrew Smith. the justice of the peace, who has been mentioned as teaching in the “Scotch Settlement." also taught in a schoolhouse on Smiths’s farm (afterward owned by T. B. Kerr) in Yellow Creek township. The Union school building, erected in Wellsville in 1850. was the first built in the State after the passage of the "Union School Law." It was a brick structure, contained seven rooms. accommodated 550 pupils and cost $7,000. The splendid Central school building on Ninth street was erected in 1879- 80, at a cost of $40,000, was and is one of the best in Eastern Ohio. Since then a smaller building has been erected in the west end and one in the east end. Professor Parsons was the first superintendent of the ellsville union schools, and remained a number of years. Prof. J. L. McDonald, who began his service as superintendent of the Wellsville Schools in 1870, and had entered upon his 35th year in 1905, made a record in Ohio educational affairs which was an enviable one. WELLSVILLE GRAVEYARDS AND CEMETERIES. The first graveyard in Wellsville was the Wells burying-ground on Main street, which by 1870 was about the geographical center of the city. The first burial was that of a little child, and the grave was never marked. In his will Mr. Wells provided that the ground should be used as a burial-place chiefly of his blood-relations, and that it should be a burial-place forever. Surrounding the graveyard was a stone wall the following inscription surmounting the entrance : "Erected by William Wells in 1842, at a cost of $750." From about 1870 no burials were permitted in the place and some 15 years later it was vacated by the heirs of the Wells estate, and the ground occupied by private residences. In 1825 Mr. Wells donated to the town an acre of land, near where the railroad shops were afterward located, to be used "as a burying-ground forever." This served the village as a cemetery until 1865, and about 20 years later it too was condemned, the graves removed and the land sold for Secular purposes. In 1866 the town of Wellsville purchased a tract of land, comprising 11 acres, on the hill west of the corporation, and commenced the laying off of Spring Hill Cemetery. In 1890, 38 acres additional were purchased and by 1905 the town could boast of one of the most beautiful cemeteries in Eastern Ohio. It is under control of the Board of Public Service of the town. 350 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY CITY OFFICIALS. In 1890 Wellsville had a population of 5,247; in 1900, 6,146. In 1905 the city government of Wellsville was as follows. Mayor, Wallace L. Fogo; city solicitor, Charles Boyd; president of council, A. B. Crubaugh; auditor, C. R. McGregor; board of public service,—W. G. Stewart, 0. P. Bowers and H. A. Herbert; councilmen,—William O'Grady, W. J. Gloss. C. V. Shoub, John Joseph, Frank Blackburn, Robert Anderson and James Bissett.