66 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO
CHAPTER IV.
ZANESVILLE.
"FROM THE RIVER CAME THE WARRIORS"-"THE MOOS-KING-DOM"--TRADING POST--ACT OF CONGRESS AUTHORIZING EBENEZER ZANE TO MAKE OUT A ROAD FROM WHEELING, VA., TO LIMESTONE, KY.-THE OLD INDIAN TRAIL-THE ZANE PATENT-ZANE & M'CULLOCH'S FERRY - PUTNAM, MATHEWS & WHIPPLE'S FERRY
HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO - 67
"BLACK MESs" AND THE SQUIRE-JONA DAVENPORT AND CERTAIN 1NDIANS- ISAAC ZANE AND HIS 1NDIAN WIFE-WM. M'CULLOCH AND THE POETRY OF HIS WOOING-ZANESTOWN-M'INTIRE'S HOUSE THE FIRST TAVERN-KING LOUIS PHILLIPPE SOJOURNS WITH M'INTIRE-THE FOURTH OF JULY 1800-DR. 1NCREASE MATHEWS AND THE FIRST STORE EAST OF THE RIVER- ACT TO 1NCORPORATE ZANESVILLE-THE BOYS AND GIRLS OF 1820-21--ALPHABETIC ORDER OF 1NDUSTRIEs BEGUN-THE LEGISLATURE AUTHORIZES A TOLL BRIDGE-CHARTER GRANTED JOHN M'INTIRE AND HIs ASSOCIATES TO ERECT A DAM ABOVE THE LICKING AT A POINT NEARLY OPPOSITE MARKET STREET-LAND OFFICE AT ZANESTOWN - REVENUE TAX-STREET RAILWAYS-INDUSTRIES OF 1881.
"From the river came the warriors,
Clean and washed from all their war-paint;
On the banks their war clubs buried,
Buried all their warlike weapons,
Gitche Manito, the mighty,
The Great Spirit, the Creator,
Smiled upon his helpless children.
And in silence all the warriors
Broke the red stone of the quarry,
Smoothed and finished it into Peace Pipes,
Broke the long reeds by the river,
Decked them with their brightest feathers,
And departed each one homeward,
While the Master of Life ascending,
Through the opening of cloud curtains,
Through the door-way of the Heavens,
Vanished from before their faces,
In the smoke that rolled around them,
The Pukwana of the Peace Pipe !"
And they shared their treasures of the hills and valleys, the rich furs and robe skins of the Valley of "Moos-king-dom," with their brothers, the pale faces, whom they welcomed with their peace pipe, with their wampum belts and treasures ; bade them build their wigwam near their much loved "Elks Eye," and bring them clothing, beads and trinkets and the treasures known to white men. The invitation was accepted, and a trading post was established in 1794, by Joseph F. Moore, Herman Blannerhasset and Dudley Wood, of Marietta, who built their cabin about where the office of the Pataskala Mills now stands, and kept the usual supply of goods for "Indian trade," which they exchanged for furs and other skins, and also paid them money. Detroit was headquarters for the fur trade, and thither they sent their skins, via. Marietta and Pittsburgh by canoes and pirogues, to Sandusky by pack animals and thence to Detroit by ship. The superior quality of the furs and robes from the moos-king-dom region soon attracted attention, and another highway leading through it was soon determined upon. On the 17th of May, 1796, Congress passed an act authorizing Ebenezer Zane to make out a road from Wheeling, Virginia, to Limestone, (now Maysville, Ky.,) on the Ohio river, crossing the rivers at Zanesville, Lancaster and Chillicothe, and in 1797, Zane, with his brother, Jonathan, and his brother-in-law, John McIntire, proceeded to cut out the road, which consisted in removing the trees and smaller growth, and blazing the route. They were assisted by John Green, William McCulloch, Ebenezer Ryan and others. John Green had charge of the pack horses. John McIntire being a shoemaker and not accustomed to the use of the axe, was selected to keep the party in game, of which there was abundance over the entire route. They encountered no Indians, but had to guard against wolves at night, which was easily done, however, by keeping a bright fire burning.
The route they chose was near the old Indian trail. Arriving at Salt creek, they surveyed down that stream as far as what has since been known as Duncan's Falls, but decided to return and cross the Muskingum river at the mouth of the Licking river, deeming the possibilities for water power better at this point, but stopping three miles east, near where the Shaffer meeting house stands, (on the Adamsville road) they surveyed down the east branch of Mill run, near the Indian trail, crossed the run near the bridge by the old blast furnace, traveled south as far as the head of Lehew's hollow, and then southwest to what is now Market street. They returned to the point near the Shaffer meeting house and proceeded in a southwest course until they arrived in the neighborhood of what has since been known as the Evans and Irvin place, (on the National Road,) and thence proceeded to Mill run, up Mill run hill south, and then nearly due west, and down the steep hill where the Machine House now stands, known as the Cochran Hill. They crossed over to what is known as Silliman street, between Dr. Brown's late residence and the German Catholic church, and down main street and crossed the Muskingum river at the south side of Licking island, which was where the pier of the Y bridge now Stands. They then passed over Chapman's run, southeast of the stone quarry, through the Springer farm, and. on the southwest over what has since been known as "the Maysville pike."
The old Indian trail crossed the river at the foot of Market street (at the head of the upper falls, about where the first dam was built), to what became West Zanesville ; over the Licking Island to the South Ward, and up Chapman's Run, through what is known as the Fair Grounds, to the "Maysville Pike." This Indian trail coursed from Wheeling to this place, on through Chillicothe, to the Ohio river.
For opening this road Ebenezer Zane received the lands described in the following patent :
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ;
GENERAL LAND OFFICE,
WASHINGTON, D. C., April 24th, 1880.
I, J. A. Williamson, Commissioner of the General Land Office, do hereby certify that the annexed copy is a true and literal exemplification of a land patent, issued to Ebenezer Zane, on
68 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.
February 18th, 1800, as the Same appears of record in this office.
IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, I have hereunto subscribed my name, and caused the
[SEAL.] seal of this office to be affixed, at the City of Washington, on the day and year above written.
J. A. WILLIAMSON,
Commissioner of General Land Office: JOHN ADAMS, President of the United States of
America.
To all to whom these presents shall come, greeting:
Know ye, That in purSuance of an act of the Congress of the United States, passed on the 17th day of May, 1796, entitled,. "An act to authorize Ebenezer Zane to locate certain lands in the territory of the United States northwest of the river Ohio," there is granted by the said United States unto Ebenezer Zane, of Ohio county, in the State of Virginia, the three following tracts of land, situate in the aforesaid territory to wit : One tract containing six hundred and forty acres : Beginning at the northwest corner, at a post where a white-oak thirty inches diameter bearS south twenty-one degrees- east twenty-three links distant, and an elm six inches diameter bears north eighty-eight degrees east, twenty-two links distant ; thence run east ninety chains, to a poSt, where a butternut tree sixteen inches diameter bears north ten degrees east, Seven links distant, and one other butternut, fourteen inches diameter, bears south fifty degrees east, twenty-five links distant ; thence south eighty chains, to a dogwood sapling, where an hickory twenty-four inches diameter bears north ten degrees east, fourteen links distant, and one other hickory, eight inches diameter, bears south sixteen degrees west, twenty-six links distant ; thence west ninety chains, to a post, where a white-oak eight inches diameter bears north sixty-four degrees east, twenty-four links distant, and an elm fourteen inches diameter bears South ten degrees west, six links ; thence north eighty chains, to the place of beginning. One other tract, containing six hundred and forty acres, and bounded and described as follows, viz. : Beginning at an ironwood tree five inches diameter, standing on the eastern bank of the Sciota river, about three-quarters of a mile above the town of Chillicothe ; thence run north forty-nine chains and ninety-four links, to a sugar tree ten inches diameter, where a black walnut twenty-four incheS diameter bearS north eighty-three degrees west, fifty links distant, and a sugar tree eight inches diameter bears south eight degrees west, thirty-three links ; thence east eighty chains, to a post, where a mulberry thirteen inches diameter bears South eighteen degrees west, fifteen links distant. 'and a white oak eight inches diameter bears south, Seventy chains Seventy-nine links, to a stake on the northwardly bank of the Sciota, where a black walnut twenty-four inches diameter bears south seventy-six degrees east, fifteen links distant, and a buttonwood forty-eight inches diameter bears north thirty-six degrees west, thirty-four links distant ; thence, by the northerly bank of the Sciota river, to the place of beginning. And the other tract, containing six hundred and forty acres, and bounded and described as follows, viz. : Beginning at the southwest corner, at a stake where a white oak twenty inches diameter bears north fifty-one degrees west, twenty-two links distant, and one other white oak, twelve inches diameter, bears north fifty-eight degrees east, thirty-six links distant ; thence north eighty chains, to a post in a prairie ; thence east eighty chains, to a post, where an hickory five inches diameter bearS north forty-four degrees west, six links distant ; thence south eighty chains, to a post, where a black oak eighteen inches diameter bears south forty-five degrees west, five links distant, and one other black oak, fifteen inches diameter bears north eighty degrees east, thirty- five links distant ; thence weSt eighty chains, to the place of beginning. To have and to hold the said three tracts of land, with the appurtenances, unto the said Ebenezer Zane and his heirs forever.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the said John Adams, President of the United States of America, bath caused the seal of the said United States of America to be affixed, and signed the same with his
[L. S.] hand, at the City of Philadelphia, the fourteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred, and of the Independence of the United States of America the twenty-fourth.
JOHN ADAMS,
By the President.
TIMOTHY PICKERING, Secretary of State.
Of these three tracts Ebenezer Zane gave to his brother Jonathan, and his brother-in-law, John McIntire, that at the crossing of the Muskingum river, for their assistance in opening the road heretofore described.
Zane and McCulloch established a ferry across the Muskingum. in 1797 ; this was afterwards known as the middle ferry. The upper ferry, which crossed from the foot of Market street to Lee street, West Zanesville, was kept by Daniel Whitaker in 1800. And about 1806 Rufus Putnam, Increase Mathews and Levi Whipple, managed a ferry from Zanestown to Springfield, as Putnam was then called. They paid a yearly license of from $ 10 to $15 for the privilege. McIntire paid the same. Shortly after starting the first ferry it was conveyed to Wm. McCulloch and Henry Crooks for five years. At the instigation of John McIntire, Whitaker conveyed the upper ferry to " Black Mess," who continued to run it until the bridge at Main street was built. " Black MesS " was a slave when he lived in Mary Land.; he ran away in 1799 and hired to John McIntire, in Wheeling, Va., to help move his family to thiS place, where he arrived in May, 1800. His master heard of him and came arter him, but he saw his old master
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first and escaped to the woods. John McIntire expreSsed his opinion that it would be difficult to find him, and offered $150 for him, which the master accepted and released hiS claim on him. He no doubt fully repaid Mr. McIntire, as he lived with him as a faithful servant many years. At the time of taking charge of the ferry his home was on River street, in West Zanesville, and he died there in 1840. He was good natured, " a fair performer on the violin," and a great favorite, being ever on the alert for a frolic. The humor and cunning of this negro is aptly illustrated in connection with his marriage, the certificate of which is here given, premising that the 'Squire agreed to marry Black Mess and Ann Thompson, like white folks, for which he should receive one dollar :
" I do certify that Mess Johnson,' a black man, and Ann Thompson, a black woman, was married before me the eighth of November, 1808.
[Signed.] SAMUEL THOMPSON. J. P."
The ceremony was performed in John McIntirels house, where Black Mess was living at the time. When the 'Squire had made " the twain one flesh " according to law, he asked for his reward. The newly made husband informed him that when he (the 'Squire) had kissed the bride, as he waS accustomed to do when marrying white folks, the dollar should be forth coming ! Squire Thompson gracefully declined, saying that he did not want Mess' dollar.
In the spring of 1798, Elias Hughes, with his wife and twelve children, accompanied by his nephew, John Ratliff, with his wife and four children, came " to the mouth of the Licken," and built their cabins on the north bank, where they reSided about a year, and removed twenty miles up that river, where Mr. Hughes died in 1843, being about the age of ninety years.
The pioneers who found their way into the beautiful valley of the Muskingum, now so widely known, were men of nerve and rare sagacity, familiar with the red men of the forest at home, and in no wise inclined to under-value their judgement in selecting the domain over which it would be most profitable for them to roam ; and knowing that " the northwest country" waS a great hunting ground, their eyes were naturally turned to that country as the " land of promise." This will be apparent when we recall their home surroundings, Which the following extract will serve to show :
“October 29th, 1731, Jona Davenport made affidavit at Philadelphia, Pa., that a French agent had, every spring, for several years past, come down to the Shawanee settlement at Allegheny, and consulted with the Indians there. James Le Tort made a similar affidavit at the same time. Attached to the affidavits is a memorandum of the number of Indians. Among them are " three Shawanee towns on Conumach creek, forty-five families, 00 men.' Next to this is the item. Asswikales, fifty families, lately from South Carolina to the Potowmack, and from thence thither.'—[Penn. Archives, Vol. I, pp. 299, 300.]
Thus we see, also, that Indians traveled over all that country.
Now Isaac Zane was born on the south branch of the Potowmack, in Virginia, in 1753, and it is safe to conclude that his kindred were well acquainted with Asswikales. Indeed the sequel of his first and doubtless providential determination, was to accomplish a happy marriage, and cement the bonds of peace, then beginning to prevail—between the Indian and pale laces. A treaty to this effect having been entered into by the great Shawanee nation, of which the Asswikales were a part, and the Congress of the United States. The storms of anger had ceased, the council fires were burning brightly, and intercourse between the two races was pacific. Isaac Zane was at that impressionable age when the gentle goddess comes with her divinest allurements, and he said :
"As unto the bow the cord is,
So unto man is woman,
Though she bends him, yet she follows,
Useless each without the other !
And when he found himself in the presence of the great chief of the Asswikales, who knew so much about the people, who was rich in love of hunting grounds, in the region of the Elk’s Eye, and richer still in having a comely daughter, he reminded him of all the past, and asked to be his son, saying :
"After many years of warfare,
Many years of strife and bloodshed,
There is peace between us, 0, Asswikales,
Between the Shawnee and pale faces,
Give me as my wife this maiden,
Minnehaha, Laughing Water,"
Loveliest of lovely women !
"And the ancient arrow maker
Paused a moment ere he answered,
Smoked a little while in silence,
Looked at Isaac proudly,
Fondly looked at Laughing Water,
And made answer very gravely :
"Yes, if Minnehaha wishes;
Let your heart speak, Minnehaha!"
And the lovely Laughing Water
Seemed more lovely, as she stood there,
Neither willing nor reluctant,
As she went to the brave Isaac,
Softly took her seat beside him,
While she said, and blushed to say it,
"I will follow you, my husband !"
* - * - * - *
From the sky the sun benignant
Looked upon them through the branches,
Saying to them, "0, my children,
Love is like sunshine, hate is shadow,
Life is checkered shade and sunshine,
Rule by Love, 0, happy Isaac !"
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And it came to psss that the Great Spirit gave this happy pair a comely daughter :
Comely in her form and litheness,
Filled was her mind with brightness,
Versed in all the great traditions,
And of singers, the most elysian;
Men were joyous at the sound
Of the rich melodies of her voice,
Until one day as they found,
She was a white man's choice,
And to him had welcome given.
Then their joy was turned to anguish,
And their very souls were riven,
For without her they must languish;
but they breathed an invocation
Of blessing on each nation,
In her so fully blended ;
And their fervent prayer ascended,
And will ascend forever,
To bless the singer and her lover.
This comely maiden became the wife of William McCulloch, who, having found an eden in this charming, valley was soon enjoying the sunshine of her love. By the margin of the waters, where the Muskingum gently glides, there was built their cabin home. And there on the 7th of April night, 1798, their son, Noah Zane McCulloch, was born, and was probably the first white child born within the limits of what is now Muskingum county. The cabin was built on the spot where the canal waters traverse the south side of Main street.
The trading post was now rapidly growing into the likeness of a white settlement and acquiring the modes of civilization, and as such was called Westbourne, and was on the west side of the river, within the boundaries of the Eighth Ward, as now designated. October 27, 1798, the Postmaster General recognized the right of the citizens to mail facilities, and by contract authorized the transporting of mail to and from this point, and at the same time changed the name to Zanestown—in compliment of Mr. Zane. The following year Messrs. Zane and McCulloch laid out the town into squares and lots. Henry Crooks came about this time and resided with McCulloch. He built his cabin during the winter of 1798-9, just where is not now known, only that it was within the boundaries of what is known as the Seventh Ward. Mrs. Crooks was the only white woman this side of Lancaster. Mr. Crooks' brother Andrew and wife, and sons George M. and Jacob, and daughter Nancy, joined them soon after. They were followed by John Bland, Henry Smith and Priest, who brought their families with them from "the Kenawha country.
In 1799 John McIntire built a cabin in a beautiful maple grove situated on the site since known as the southwest corner of Second and Market streets. His sagacity prompted him to build a large house, for the double purpose of having a comfortable home and keeping an inn, the want of the latter having been felt on more than one occasion. Although a one-story house, it commanded a fine view of the falls and the upper ford. According to Mrs. Charles G. Goddard (good authority), "John McIntire cut down the trees and hewed nearly all of the logs, shaped saplings into rafters, split scantling for door and window frames, etc. The window glass (the first used here) was brought from Wheeling, Va. The house was not finished until the spring of 1800, and was quite a mansion for those days. It is due to Mr. McIntire and lady to say that their accommodations, though in a log cabin, were such as to render their house to the travellers a home."—[Howe's Historical Notes of Ohio.]
Louis Phillippe, a noted King of France, was once a guest with the McIntires. Hon. Lewis Cass, in "Camp and Court of Louis Phillippe," thus alludes to it : "At Zanesville, the party found the comfortable cabin 0f Mr. John McIntire, and whose house was a favorite place of rest and refreshment for all travelers, who, at this early period, were compelled to transverse that part of the country. And if these pages should chance to meet the eyes of any of those who, like the writer, have passed many a pleasant hour under the roof of this uneducated, but truly worthy and respectable man, he trusts they will unite in this tribute to his memory." The King's visit was probably made in 1802.
According to Silas Johnson, long a servant of John McIntire, "John McIntire was born in Alexandria, Virginia, in October, 1759, and married Sarah M. Zane, in Wheeling, Virginia, in December, 1789. He was a little below medium height, rather fleshy, full-faced, rather high forehead, had blue eyes, rather lightish brown hair, wore no beard and weighed between 150 and 160 pounds ; was of a pleasant disposition except when insulted, when he would instantly knock the offender down, and go off about his business. His word was as good as his bond." He died in his stone house, corner of Fountain alley and Second street, July 29th, 1815. His remains repose in the old grave yard at the head of Main street. .
Mrs. McIntire was a resolute woman, of good practical sense, and like her husband was quick to resent an insult, and intolerant of what she deemed wrong. Standing in her door one day, looking over the ford at the head of the falls, she saw two Indians, one a great tall fellow, carrying his bow and arrow, the other his squaw, a small woman, carrying her papoose and cooking utensils, struggling along with difficulty against the current, as they waded across. The sigbt made her angry, and when the Indian came up and asked her for something to eat, She took a stick and whipped him, saying, "Begone, you lazy dog." With an ugh ! he went away, when she gave the squaw and her papoose a hearty meal.
At another time when there was to be Methodist preaching in the court house, and owing to some feud between the janitor of the court house and the M. E. Church, the doors were not opened
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in time, Mrs. McIntire became indignant and ordered "Black Mess" to bring an ax, and it needed no more persuasion to induce the janitor to hurry up with the keys. Some one having informed Mr. McIntire what was going on, he was told to "go back ; Sally will make her way through."
Mrs. McIntire was also a very kind woman, and spent much time visiting the sick and visiting and encouraging the settlers and administering to their wants. There were "always good things in Aunty McIntire's larder to eat and to drink, and herbs and roots for medicine when wanted, a bountiful supply of which she furnished to the needy."
Mr. McIntire's daughter, and only child, was born June 3d, 1800. She was sent to Philadelphia to school, where she graduated, and was to have been married to an Irish Lord about the time she died, which was December 15th, 180.
Mrs. McIntire, nee Sarah M. Zane, daughter of Ebenezer and Elizabeth Zane, was born in Wheeling, Virginia, February 22, 1773, was married to John McIntire as stated, and again married to David Young, August 15th, 1816. She died in Zanesville, March 8th, 1854. A short time prior to her demise she gave to her faithful servant, Silas Johnson (colored), her large family Bible.
On the 31st of July, 1857, at the request of General Charles B. Goddard, President of the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company, and Adam Peters, Vice President, William Culbertson took the noted McIntire cabin down, it having Stood more than half a century—until the winters' storms and summers' scorching heat had rendered it unfit for habitation. He was requested also to preserve one of the rafters and keep it in his poSsession until he received a written order from the proper authorities to deliver it up. These two gentlemen had contemplated erecting a McIntire High School building in the near future from funds belonging to the McIntire estate, and intended to place this rafter from the old cabin in the building, with a suitable inscription as a memento that might remind the children of their benefactor, of his industry and benevolence.
At the meeting of the Directors of the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company, held January 6th, 1880, the following resolutions were adopted :
Resolved, That the committee on the building of the McIntire Children's Home, be and they are hereby instructed to introduce into the finish of the walls of some suitable room of the new building, one or more of the timbers of John McIntire's log cabin, preserved by William Culbertson.
Resolved, That the thanks of this Board are hereby extended to William Culbertson for his care in the preservation of the timbers, and he is hereby authorized to make such use of said timbers, as are not required by said committee for said purpose, as he may see fit.
D. C. CONVERSE,
Secretary.
On the 8th of January, 1880, Mr. William Culbertson received the following letter :
ZANESVILLE, Jan. 8, 1880.
William Culbertson, Esq.:
DEAR SIR—Herewith I hand you copy of resolutions passed by the Board of Directors of the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company.
Respectfully,
D. C. CONVERSE,
Secretary.
This stick of timber, which has been preserved by Mr. Culbertson for almost twenty-three years, will be confided to tbe care of the Directors o1 the Canal and Manufacturing Company, to be placed by them in the McIntire Children's Home. Nothing could be more appropriate. The McIntire Children's Home will be the pride of the city and county—will be an enduring monument to those who struggled year after year to give a comfortable home, warm clothing and suitable food to the unfortunate waifs of society.
That kind, charitable lady, who wiped the tears from the cheeks of the orphans, has a monument in the hearts of,the poor more valuable by far, and more enduring than the monuments built of marble and granite, even could stone be piled upon stone, until the pinnacle reached high above the clouds of heaven.
[Other particulars concerning John McIntire and his estate will be found in another part of this work.]
In the fall of 1799 came John Green, (afterterwards known as "General Green"), and made his home with Wm. McCulloch during the winter, spending his time hunting deer and bear, the most of which he prepared for future use. In April following, he moved his family thither from Wheeling, Va., accompanied by Abraham McCulloch. They had each a four horse team and wagon, probably the first teams brought here. General Green brought with him a pair of hand mill stones for grinding corn. This primitive mill, when in working order, had a pole adjusted to the ceiling of the building, and the other end through the upper stone, which was turned by one hand and the corn supplied by the other. He allowed his neighbors to use it, much to their convenience. Mr. Green's house was a story and a half double cabin, with a porch in front and spacious hall through the middle. It stood about the head of Main street, and opposite Silliman street of the present time. Here the first patriotic demonstration that was made in all this region took place, in the celebrating of the fourth of July, 1800, and ever after "Green's Tavern" was a noted place. Men came to the celebration with their wives and children, from twenty miles away, to join in the festivities. Orators "almost too full for utterance" were there, and did ample justice to the occasion. Joseph F. Monroe read the Declaration of Independence. So great was the throng that a bower was erected for table accommodation, and they fared sumptuously. During "the feast of reason and flow of soal," eloquent toasts were read,- and duly honored with the social
72 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.
glass. And when they had made an end of feasting, Thomas Dowden and "Black Mess" brough fourth their instruments and beguiled them with music, while old and young swayed to and fro in the mazes of the dance, which continued until the next day. It is said that Mrs. McIntire lead the dance, and that the ladies furnished the tables. Henry Crooks (the ferryman) furnished roast pig, which was deemed indispensable.
About the month of October, 1799, came also John and George Mathews, from Wheeling, Va., and built a mill for grinding corn. It was constructed on board a boat, composed of two large canvas, with a water wheel between, and was anchored at the foot of the Fall, near where the lower bridge now stands, and on the east side of the river, and depended on the current, (which was swift,) for power. It was well patronized by people from all parts of the valley. This mill was carried down the river by a freshet and lodged in Duncan's Falls. but was rescued and brought back, and continued in service three years, when it gave place to a "tub mill," with one run of stone, located at Moxahala, and was followed by another at the mouth of Joe's run. A part of this last mill may be seen during low water to this day.
In the spring of 1800 another accession to the population was made by the arrival of Martin Luther Loud Slagor and William Well. Slagor erected his cabin on tbe site now the northwest corner of Sixth and Main streets, intending to keep tavern, but rented it to Thomas Corderey, who kept tavern in it for several years. Mr. Slagor purchased a small tract of land that has since been knows as "Slagor run," and there was started the first garden, farm and dairy. Mrs. Slagor sold milk, and has been known to excuse the superabundance of the watery element in that fluid by saying she supposed "the cows had been wading the creek !"
Mr. Ingalls built his cabin near John McIntire's, and, considering the ordinance of Congress, in pursuance of the "ratification of the treaty concluded at Fort McIntosh (with the Delawares, Chippewas and Ottawas, by which the United States acquired the title of those tribes to all lands lying east and west and south of a line drawn from the mouth of tbe Cuyahoga, up that river to the Tuscarawas portage and to the Tuscarawas above Fort Lawrence, thence to the Maumee, and thence with that river to Lake Erie," being about three-fourths of the State of Ohio, and including all this region ; which treaty was ratified in May, 1785 ; the af0resaid ordinance provided that "the land was to be divided into townships of six miles square by lines running north and south, and intersected by other lines at right angles. These townships were to be divided into sections, each containing one square mile or six hundred and forty acres, and each range was to be numbered from south to north, commencing on the Ohio river ; the ranges were to be distinguished by progressive numbers westward, the first resting upon the western boundary of Pennsylvania as a base line, which prevented many settlers from becoming possessors of the land because of their inability to purchase the minimum quantity named, viz. : 640 acres), he entered into the business of purchasing such tracts for the settlers by associating them and sub-dividing the tracts according to the stipulations made between them. He was therefore the first land agent and seems to have conducted the business so aS to win the confidence of the Government as well as the settler, as he was subsequently appointed collector of taxes on lands owned by non-residents. By act of Congress, dated February 1805, proviso was made whereby settlers might enter tracts of smaller sub-division, such as half and quarter sections. [See Revised Statutes of the U. S., section 2,396,p. 442.]
In 1800 or 1801, perhaps in the early part of the winter, John Houck came to Zanestown and began to do tailoring. In 1804 he was elected constable ; in 1806 was appointed Deputy Sher iff. He was probably the first tailor in the region.
Early in the spring of 1801 Dr. Increase Mathews and his br0ther John started a store in a cabin situated on what is now the northwest corner of Main and Third streets. This was the first store of the kind on the east side of the river. Our informant humorously lists their supply of merchandise as follows : "These two men kept a stock of brandy and buttons, needles and nutmegs, sugar and saleratus, iron and ink, calico and cards, rope and rum, pins and physic, powder and bear traps, blisters and blueing, etc." This stock of physic was probably denominated a "Drug Store". In 1803 the merchandise was moved south of the river into what has since been called Putnam, and was located at what is now 108 Muskingum Avenue. Probably soon after or shortly before opening this store Dr. Mathews visited Marietta to attend a sale of Government land, intent on purchasing the section, or part, in which is now the ninth ward. John McIntire also started for the same place on the same errand at the same time, although neither acquainted the other with the object of his visit. The first night they camped in the woods ; at the close of the second day they arrived in the town of Marietta. Here they separated, Dr. Mathews proceeded up Washington street to the houSe of his uncle, General Rufus Putnam, who then had charge of the land office. Mr. McIntire found his way to the hotel. At General Putnam's Dr. Mathews met a cousin, Mr. Levi Whipple ; during the conversation that ensued, General Putnam said : "You boys ought to purchase the land, and if necessary, I will aid you in making the first payment." The next day the land was put up for sale and the bidding between McIntire and Dr. Mathews was very spirited. At length McIntire, not doubting that he would make sure of the purchase, bid four dollars per acre. Dr. Mathews immediately bid four dollars and twenty-five cents, and as there was no higher bid the land was struck off to him.
ALVAH BUCKINGHAM.
FROM a work entitled "The Buckingham Family, or the Descendants of Thomas Buckingham," one of the first settlers of Milford, Connecticut, (compiled at the request of William A. Buckingham, of Norwich, Connecticut, by Rev. F. W. Chapman, A,M., author of " The Chapman Family," etc., etc., etc. Hartford, Connecticut : Press of Case, Lockwood & Brainard, 1872) the following compilation is derived:
Alvah Buckingham, son of Ebenezer and Esther (Bradley) Buckingham, was born at Ballston Springs, New York, March 20, 1791. In 1794 his parents removed to Cooperstown, New York. In 1797 his elder brothers, Stephen and Ebenezer, left home to see the wild west of the Alleghany Mountains and Ohio river. In the fall of 1799 they returned with such glowing accounts of this new land that their parents, with their numerous children, except two married daughters, left Cooperstown for the western wilderness. They located at first at a point between the Whitewoman and Tuscarawas, two streams forming the Muskingum river, near their confluence. This was almost the first settlement made in that region, and was about two miles above the present town of Coshocton. The nearest white settlement was Zanesville, some thirty miles south, on the Muskingum river.
While the elder members of the family traded with the Indians for furs, robes, etc., the younger ones joined in their sports and learned their strange language. And this was never entirely forgotten, as fifty years later counting in the Indian tongue was a source of great entertainment to a delighted circle of little auditors. Their amusements were "throwing the tomahawk," " shooting with bow and arrow," " tossing up chips for old Indians to fire at," (in which they were very expert), and other athletic sports. In the spring of 1802, finding this location unhealthy, the family removed to Carthage township, in the southeastern part of Athens county, Ohio, on the Hock Hocking river. Here the subject of this article, Alvah Buckingham, had the inestimable privilege of attending school; though it was four miles distant from his home to the school house, he walked thereto daily. Out of school he assisted on the farm or indulged in hunt_ ing. This latter was his favorite passtime, as at that early date game was plenty. The woods were infested with bear, deer, panther, racoon, opossum, and wild turkey. Near the farm was quite a celebrated deer lick, where, on moonlight nights, he was accustomed to station his watch. and many a victim rewarded his unerring rifle. It was in one of these lonely watches that his quickness of thought and rapidity of action saved his life, and brought down a huge panther, poised -just above him, and ready for the spring.
At the age of seventeen he met with a severe accident. Hunting in the woods one day, his horse became frightened, reared and fell back on his rider. Stunned by the fall, he yet recovered to find his right leg broken both above and below the knee, himself distant from the nearest house, which was his own home, over three miles away, and no aid for his rescue but his own mother wit. With a courageous spirit, and by dint of crawling on his two hands and one knee, he reached the river, which, fortunately, was low enough to enable him to cross, holding his mouth just above the water, and thus reached home just as his sinking strength gave way. The limb was splintered as best could be in a country home, but a weary years' confinement was the result, and, ever after, a slight lameness.
In 1804, the older brother, Ebenezer Bucking. ham, moved to Putnam, opposite Zanesville, Ohio, and, to assist him in business, Alvah followed in 1810, leaving his parents still at the Hocking farm. In 1813, Stephen, an older brother, died, and Alvah was oalled upon to take charge of his business, which he did for two years In April, 1816, Solomon Sturges and himself, having married sisters— the Misses Hale, of Glastonbury, Connecticut— formed a mercantile partnership, one fourth each, with their older brother, Ebenezer Buckingham, under the firm name of E. Buckingham & Co., a firm widely known in their then pioneer life, Ebenezer married Eunice Hale, of Glastonbury, Connecticut, and, returning to the West, brought the two sisters-in-law, Anna and Lucy Hale, the whole party crossing the Alleghany Mountains on horseback, as at that time there were no roads for carriages or wagons. In 1818 Anna Hale returned to her Eastern home, but, as it proved, only for a time. As leader in the churcb ohoir, she sat in her accustomed place on the last Sunday of September, 1819, in the old church at Glastonbury, Glancing below, her eyes met the well known figure of her Western friend. An interview, a hurried proposal, and a hurried marriage on the following Sabbath evening, left our young couple free to start on their homeward westward route, and on horseback again, as in her previous trip, the wife of Alvah Buckingham was escorted to her pioneer home. Returning to Putnam, they purchased, on the banks of the Muskingum river, a very modest homestead of one room; and there, in 1820, set up their household goods. In 1821, they built a two story brick house, to which they subsequently added, in 1834, a more commodious addition. This was the old homestead in which all their children were born, and is now occupied by their youngest son, James Buckingham.
In October, 1824, Ebenezer Buckingham, Sr., the father of Alvah, died, at the old farm house in Carthage, Athens county, and his wife, Esther, then removed to the home of her son, Ebenezer, Jr., in Putnam, where she died June 25th, 1827. In August, 1832, the firm of E. Buckingham, Jr., & Co., was dissolved by the sudden and painful death of Ebenezer Buckingham, and the business was continued under the new firm name of "A. Buckingham & Co,," and, the following year, another brother, Milton, was induced to give up the old farm at Carthage and join the firm, taking one-half of Alvah's share; while at the same time Solomon Sturges, Alvah's partner, persuaded his brother, Hezekiah, to remove from Fairfield, Connecticut, and share in his share.
At this time there was a great need felt of good schools, and in 1835, a charter for a seminary was recorded, to be called the Putnam Classical Institute, to be located in Putnam. Mrs. Eunice Hale Buckingham, wife of Ebenezer, Alvah Buckingham, Solomon Sturges, Julius C. Guthrie, and Austin A. Guthrie, furnished the funds, and the seminary was established, which, through all its vicissitudes of time, still continues worthy of patronage.
It 1843, Milton Buckingham removed to Springfield, Ohio, and Alvah could thus admit his oldest son, Benjamin, to a partnership. In 1845, the firm name of A. Buckingham & Co. was dissolved, and a new fhm name (Buckingham & Sturges) established, composed of Benjamin H. Buckingham and William Sturges, the two oldest sons of the two former partners. In 1850, R. P. Burlingame, a friend, was sent to Chicago, Illinois, to open up a lumber trade there, the funds being furnished by Alvah Buckingham. The next year the two built the first grain elevator in the city of Chicago. It was built of wood, holding some 75,000 bushels of grain—at that time a great wonder. It was called the Fulton Elevator. In 1851, Alvah Buckingham established branch houses in New York City and Toledo, Ohio, for his two oldest sons, Benjamin and Philo, buying the Pendleton Elevator, the first one built in Toledo. They soon built a second elevator, and here, in the press and excitement of a too extended business, Philo, the second son, lost his health and died quite suddenly, April 6th, 1853, in the homestead at Putnam.
In 1854, Alvah Buckingham sold a third interest in his Chicago Fulton Elevator to his partner, Solomon Sturges, and shortly after they concluded a contract with the Illinois Central Railroad to do all their grain warehousing business for ten years. In 1856, they built and opened the two large warehouses called "A" and "B," in the city of Chicago, holding some 800,000 bushels of grain, the marvels of the day. After this date of 1855, Alvah Buckingham spent most of his time in Chicago, and three years later moved his family there, His oldest son, Benjamin, removed to Chicago also, but died in 1864, at Madison, New Jersey, while on a visit to his father-in-law, Mr. John S. Potwin. Benjamin Buckingham was singularly sincere and just in his dealings with man ; of great Christian purity and behavior, a man of unblemished character and fine financial knowledge and ability. Philo, the second son, many will recall with melancholy pleasure. He was a large hearted, generous man ; had a full faith, too great, in human nature ; generous to a fault ; fond of out door life, agriculture and stock raising being his special delight, The surviving brother, James, seems to have combined the qualities of both his brothers in business and occupation.
In April, 1865, Mr. Alvah Buckingham removed to New York City, where, with his daughters, he resided at No. 13 East Twelfth street, until his death. His daughter, Julia A., had married the Hon. Samuel S. Cox, of Ohio, and the other daughter, Elizabeth, had married John A, Hardenbargh, of New York. In the spring of 1866, having occasion to locate some lands in the West, Alvah Buckingham took his youngest son, James, as a companion, and traveled through Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, and Kansas; and though much of this was accomplished in a spring wagon, over rough roads, and at the age of seventy-five, it was without any apparent fatigue.
In the spring of 1867, he made a second pilgrimage to the West, this time traveling through Iowa and Nebraska, and passing over the line of the Pacific Railroad as far as it was then finished. He was ambitious to be on the first train through to the Pacific Ocean; but this anticipation was not to be realized.
The summer of 1867 was spent with his family and two daughters, Mrs. Cox and Mrs. Hardenbargh, at Saratoga, ending in a most pleasurable trip to the White Mountains. Returning to his New York home, his wife was taken sick with pneumonia, and died September 24th, 1867, and her remains were taken to their first home, Putnam, Ohio. In a week Mr. Buckingham was stricken down, and eleven days after his remains reposed by the side of his wife, in Woodlawn Cemetery, Putnam, Ohio. He died October 4th, 1867.
Mr. Alvah Buckingham was distinguished as a conscientious man, courteous, just, business-like, and although economic, was a speculative merchant, He had also a rare genius for building bridges, elevators, and houses. He was an affectionate husband and indulgent father. He married Anna Hale, of Glastonbury, Connecticut, October 3d, 1819, who died September 24th, 1867, at No. 13 East Twelfth street, New York. Their children were Benjamin Hale, Philo, Elizabeth, Julia Ann, James, and Elizabeth (the second.)
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“Business meant business," the Dr. said, to whom the event became one of the pleasant reminiscences of his life. He associated with him Levi Whipple, who, together with General Putnam, who afterwards became a partner. They were the original proprietors of the "town of Springfield," named from the spring known as "Lovers' Fountain," which sends its silver purling Stream down the rocky bank of yonder hill that now so proudly overlooks the city, and whose Summit is adorned by "Putnam Park." The town was subSequently named Putnam, after General Rufus Putnam. (See Rev. Addison Kingsbury's "History Resume"). In 1801 Levi Whipple built his cabin at the mouth of the Licking, and about the 25th of October of that year ' moved hiS family into it. He followed surveying until 1804 when he engaged in the milling business. He was the first Justice of the Peace elected in Springfield ; was subsequently Coroner and then acting Sheriff. During this year Robert Whipple built his cabin in Putnam, and in December, Om, Joseph F. Monroe completed a two-story log house on tbe site known as the southeast corner of Second and Main streets, the first two-story log house built in Zanestown. And during this year Isaac Zane built a log cabin on the site now known as 98 West Main Street. This cabin was completed about Christmas and, as usual, was dedicated with a dance, "Black Mess" furnishing the music.
According to E. H. Church, Ebenezer Buckingham, Sen., came in 1801, or perhaps 1800. He was a bricklayer and stone mason by trade, a conscientious Christian and gentleman. He became a State Senator, was one of the first Fund Commissioners of Ohio after the adoption of the canal policy 1825, and was, in his public career, of great value to the State. He conducted his large busineSs interests on the Putnam Side of the river. When the turbid waters of the Muskingum closed over Ebenezer Buckingham the half completed career of an honest heart ceased to beat ; a heroic pioneer's life went out ; an incorruptible legislator and unimpeachable public officer. ceased to be."
Early in the spring of 1802, came Jeffrey Price, with a young daughter. They boarded with John McIntire. Price kept a store in a log cabin on the site now known as the southeast corner of Fountain alley and Fifth street. He sold out to John Mathews, and in 1806 became postmaster at Zanestown. And about this time came James Herron, and began to make brick, the first work of the kind in Zanestown. His brother, David, a hatter, came soon after, and James associated with bim in that business. About this time came Jacob Funk, a blacksmith. His shop was on the site now the northeast corner of Main street and Court Alley. And in the spring of 1803 Christian Spangler, blacksmith, came, and built a shop on the site now the northwest corner of Main street and Sewer alley. At the time of the formation of Muskingum county he was elected a member -of the Board of County Commissioners. He waS subsequently a Justice of the Peace, and then County Treasurer.
In 1804 came Spencer Lehew, Peter Mills, Paul Hahn, and — Creighton. Lehew built his cabin where Colonel Goddard's office now is. Mills built his cabin, and kept a general store, a little west of the market-house. Hahn built a one and a half story double cabin on the site now the northwest corner of Fourth and Canal streets ; it was used as a place for amusements.
General Lewis Cass located in Zanestown in 1804, and was soon after elected to the Legislature, where he distinguished himself by his efforts to arrest the progress of the celebrated expedition of Aaron Burr. He was appointed Marsbal of Ohio, by President Jackson, in 1807, and afterwards served as Prosecuting Attorney of Muskingum county. In order to repel Indian aggressions he entered the Army, and in 1812 raised the Third Ohio Regiment,• which he commanded. He subsequently was made a Major General, and in 1813 became Governor of the territory of Michigan, and continued in that position until called to the War Department by General Jackson, in 1831. From 1836 to 1842 he was Minister to France, and afterward was twice elected to the United States Senate, and subsequently was Secretary of State of the United States.
In 1804 Samuel Thompson kept grocery on the southeast corner of Main and Fifth streets, and continued the business a number of years.
Samuel Goff, wife, and three children, came in 1805, from Philadelphia, and built his cabin. a hewed, double log house, where Jones & Abbott's foundry is. He was a stonemason, and a decided acquisition to the builders. The same year Samuel Frazey came to Zanestown. He was the first to engage in harness making. He built the first brick house, which was his dwelling and shop.
In 1804 came also Elijah Ross and Peter Mills. Mr. Ross prospected through the Muskingum and Miami Valleys, and returned to Zanesville. He was a gunsmith, and the first in this section to engage in the business. His dwelling and shop was built on what is now the northeast corner of Locust Alley and Second street. In 1812 he was drafted into the United States, military service, and detailed to remain at home and repair guns and accoutrements for soldiers. In 1816 he sold his property and removed to West Zanesville, where he carried on the business of a gunsmith until 1823, when he returned to the east side of the river, and lived for some years on South Sixth street, and subsequently on Main, above Seventh. He bored his own gun barrels, and made the first blowpipes for blowing glass, and sometimes helped the glass-blowers, being "a handy man at anything." George Hahn, Grant Scott, Neil Wilkins, and "Lem” Owens, were among the Zanesville boys who served apprenticeship with him. Lem Owens was the noted "Colonel Pluck" of the Fantasticals, elsewhere described.
74 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.
Mr. Ross was fond of fox hunting, and seemed never happier than when following his hounds over the Muskingum hills. He was of a genial nature, and a total abstainer from intoxicants. He was the father of twelve children : "Betsy," Theodore, "A. C.," Ann, Margaret, George, James, Ruth, Jane, Thomas, Harriet, and Elvira.
Mr. Ross was of Scotch descent. He married Mary (commonly called "Polly") Coffman. They came from Washington, Pa. Elijah Ross died November 30, 1864, in the 79th year of his age, universally respected for his industry and honesty.
James Culbertson arrived in the spring of 1805. Being a hatter, he pursued that calling. His was the second hat shop in the now promising town. His place of business was where the southwest corner of Fifth and Market streets now is. There he continued until he died, September 3, 1836, in the 57th year of his age, In this year also came Noyce Stone, a carpenter. He was appointed Deputy Sheriff and Jailer in 1816 ; also, Samuel Goff and wife, from England. Mrs. Goff, having been well educated in England, taught school. They had three children : Thomas, William, and. Betsy.
Among the more prominent settlers in 1805 were : Daniel Stilwell, who, with his wife and five children, came from Bucks county, Pa. His daughter Anna married John C. Stogden, March 31, 1811 ; his son John married Anna M. Adams, September 26, 1844 ; his other daughter became a Mrs. - Smith. Daniel Stilwell and a granddaughter were drowned in attempting to cross the river in a buggy in 1846 ; their bodies were not recovered for several days.
Isaac Van Home, Senr., came in company with his uncle Gen. Isaac Van Horne, from Bucks county;, Pa. Mr. Van Horne was a carpenter. In 1810 he built a two story frame house on what is the northeast corner of Potter alley and. Main street. July 11, 1811, he married Patience Hanson. He died September 12, 1824, leaving five daughters and one son.
William Craig, a carpenter, came the same year ; purchased a lot at the crossing of Fourth and Market streets, and there built a hewed log house. In 1806 he was elected Justice of tbe Peace, and in 1814 was elected Mayor of the town. He was a candidate for Governor of Ohio in 1814, and, though defeated, received the appellation of " Governor " Craig. In 1817 the County Commissioners apppointed him collector of taxes. Governor Craig gave bond in the sum of $8,354.08 his sureties were James McGuire, James Hampson, James Herron and Jacob Linder. He collected the taxes and ran away with the money. The Commissioners brought suit against his bondsmen for something over two thousand dollars. Jas. McGuire was compelled to sell nearly all this property, making him almost a bankrupt. James Linder had to sell his farm and stock ; he was entirely broken up. Hampson and Herron paid their quota without much inconvenience. The Governor left his wife behind when he departed, but she followed him ; they settled in St. Louis, Missouri.
During this year also came Elijah Hart, having a letter of introduction from his old friend Jeremiah Morrow to his friend Wyllys Silliman, Register of the Land Office at Jamestown, requesting his aid in selecting a farm in the vicinity. Mr. Silliman gave him a letter to Joseph Vernon, who owned a large and valuable tract of land in Washington township, afterwards owned by Moses Robertson. Mr. Hart selected the farm to the northeast of this tract, and in November, 1806, returned with wife and children, four sons and five daughters. Arriving in Jamestown, he rented a cabin near the foot of Main street, opposite Daniel Conyers, from Robert Spear. Mr. Hart died March 17, 1807.
Gen. Isaac Van Horne (whose ancestors were from Holland), came from Bucks county, Pa. In 1806 he purchased a lot where the Zane House stands, and upon it built a two story frame house which was used as a hotel. In 1807 he erected another frame house on the northwest corner of Main and Fourth streets, which was known for many years as the Wickham Hotel. Gen. Van Horne served through the Revolutionary war, was acquainted with Gen. Washington, a friend of LaFayette, and met them in Masonic convocations. While in Philadelphia he received a portrait of Gen. LaFayette. He died in Zanesville, Feb. 2, 1834, in the 82d year of his age.
David J. Marpole, from Bucks county, Pa., a carpenter, took much interest in the welfare of his adopted home. Was a member of the town council, and for three years, closing with 1810, represented Muskingum and Guernsey counties in the Legislature. In 1819 he was cashier of the old Muskingum Bank ; appropriated money to his private use, and gave up his property to satisfy the deficit, turning it over to Ebenezer Buckingham, president of the bank ; but not being sufficient, his bondsmen had to make up the remaining sum. In 1822 Mr. Marpole built a trading boat and left for Texas with a load of produce. He never returned ; probably died there.
Col. George Jackson came from Clarksburgh, Va. ; he was elected to the Legislature in 1809-10, and 1817-18 as a State Senator. Among his children by his first wife were George W. Jackson, William, and a daughter (who became the wife of Return J. Meigs, Ohio's Governor in 1812). His second wife was Mrs. Armisted Adams (married November 16, 1814), by whom he had one son and three daughters. Jackson bought a frame house that stood where the Masonic Temple now is. He died in 1829.
Gen. Samuel Herrick, lawyer, in 1809 built a substantial frame dwelling on the southwest corner of Third and Fountain alley, where he resided a number of years, and removed to his farm in Wayne township, but practiced his profession in the city, going in and out as occasion required. In 1810 he was elected by the Democratic party to the General Assembly. And the same year Governor Huntington appointed him collector of taxes for Muskingum and five other
HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO - 75
counties. In 1830 he resigned a public office, gave up his profession, was baptized into the Baptist Church by Rev. George Sedgwick ; he sold his farm and removed to the city and lived on the corner of Orchard and Underwood streets, when he died, March 1, 1852, in the 74th year of his age.
William Langley, cooper, and Richard Brookover lived with their families in a cabin in the rear of the Zane House ; built a log cabin one and a half stories high on the northeast corner of Fountain alley and Second street, and followed his trade of coopering there for many years. Subsequently he built on the northeast corner of Fountain alley and Fifth street. Mr. Langley had four daughters and six sons.
Richard Brookover's cabin was in Fountain alley, in the rear of the present "Courier" office. In 1806 he moved into a cabin on the site now occupied by Jones & Abbott's foundry ; thence to a log house on the site of the " Regulator " building."
James Herron, James McGuire and Wm. Stinson, influenced by Robert Taylor, came soon after. McGuire moved from town to his farm on the Marietta road, and opened a coal bank. Stinson engaged in freighting, and died in 1838.
Joseph Beard, a calico printer, native of England, came from Marietta. His son, Wm. H., became Private Secretary to Governor Meigs ; who, when appointed Postmaster General, took young Beard with him to Washington and gave him an important position. While there he married Harriet B. Weston. At the close of the war with Great Britian he was chosen to convey the glad tidings to Gen. Harrison, then in command of the Army of the West, with headquarters at Chillicothe, then the capital of the State. In 1821 he had the contract for carrying the mail between Zanesville and Lancaster. In 1833 he retired to a farm, but died in Zanesville December 8, 1870, in the 87th year of his age. Mrs. Beard died February 4, 1869. They had lived together fifty-four years.
Hugh and Isaac Hazlett : Hugh was born in Ireland, and while a mere lad came to America with his parents. After his arrival in Zanesville he engaged in merchandising, but subsequently removed to Newark,Ohio ; he returned, however, to Zanesville in 1838 and re-embarked in merchandising, and also engaged in the manufacture of white lead, which he conducted for a number of years. He died October 9th, 1868, aged 84 years.
Isaac Hazlett also engaged in the mercantile business. At one time there were three Robert Hazletts—Hugh's son, Robert the elder, who was known as Captain "Bob," being Captain of "The Warren Green's," and his son Robert. Hugh's son was locally called "Black Bob," because he had such black hair. Captain Hazlett died in 1860.
Hugh and Isaac Hazlett were in partnership in the mercantile business on the southwest corner of Fountain alley and Fifth street, and continued there until 1808. They did the largest business of any of the merchants of that day.
William Montgomery came in 1806. Daniel and Allen McLain built a house for, him, the first frame house built in Zanesville, but where located we cannot tell.
In the summer of this year came Samuel Chapman—from Marietta—induced by Benjamin Tupper, for whom he built a frame dwelling and store on Front street—the property now owned by Dr. Nye. This was the second frame house completed in Zanestown.
John Alter, Sr., arrived in 1806. He was a chair-maker, wheelwright and painter, and just the man to find a welcome in a new settlement ; whereupon a number of prominent citizens agreed to furnish him a comfortable house, with fuel and provisions free for one year, as an inducement to settle here. The offer was accepted, and he moved into a log house about where Main and First streets intersect on the north. In addition to chair-making, he also made spinning wheels ; this latter branch soon became so important that William Calhoun opened up on Seventh street in the same line. In 1812 he joined the army. He left his business in charge of Peter Bowermaster, who afterwards took his place in the army and Mr. Alter returned to Zansville cured of his desire for military glory. He died in Zanesville, September 20, 1879.
During this year also came Thomas Wickham, carpenter, from Wheeling, with a sick wife and several children. He built in West Zanesville, from stone taken from the bed of the river, just below the present railroad bridge. He subsequently kept hotel on the site now the northwest corner of Main and Second streets. In 1817 he rebuilt a portion of the upper bridge that had fallen into the river. He subsequently purchased a farm near Irville and there built a distillery and made peach brandy for a living.
In 1806 came also Peter Roberts, wife, six sons and a daughter, all grown. They lived on the hill, near the old grave yard, and then removed to the corner of Eighth and Main. His son Nathan "followed the river."
During this year John L. Cochran, Jacob Houck and Frederick Houck came. Cochran, being a carpenter and a young man, easily found a footing ; and when he was found to be upright he was made Market Master, Collector of Taxes and a Councilman.
Jacob Houck was a stonemason and a bricklayer, and superintended the building of the "old 1809" court house, He was a portly man, and old citizens remember with pleasure philosophic look, as he lighted his pipe by means of a sun glass." His family consisted of two daughters and three sons. Jacob Houck died in 1816.
Frederick Houck, his brother, was also a stonemason. In winter he turned his attention to the manufacture of gloves, breeches and vests of buckskin, and employed quite a number of his neighbor's daughters in making them.
In 1807 came Dr. Robert Mitchell and built his cabin on the site of now No. 48 South Fifth street.
76 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.
In 1808 came William Launder, Samuel Goff, William Burnham and James Taylor. Launder built a two-story log house on the site now occupied by Mr. E. S. Keene's handsome brick residence. Mr. Goff built a hewed log house, where we are not informed by Mr. Church ; he gave much attention to flower culture and gardening, and had the first hive of bees in Zanesville. Burnham settled in that part of this new settlement known as Springfield, and kept "Burnham's Tavern" until 1811, when he removed to a frame building on the northwest corner of Main and Second streets, owned by General Isaac Van Home, and opened tavern with the sign of "The Golden Ram" ; remained there until 1813, when he removed to the southeast corner of Main and Fourth streetS into "the old Harvey Tavern." He died in the, autumn of 180, leaving a large family, and was buried with Masonic honors from the residence of Seth Adams, on Second street.
During 1808 also John Alter, Sr., erected a two-story log house upon a lot purchased from Dr. Robert Mitchell for one dozen cane-seated chairs, valued at seventy-five dollars. An old Settler remarked that "chairs were chairs in those days." John Alter, Jr., was born in this house before the doors and windows were put in.
During this year James Linn built his cabin on the site now known as No. 41 South Sixth street.
In 1809 came Alexander McLaughlin, from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and built a brick house on the northeast corner of Sixth and Market streets, at the time the finest residence in all this region. In 1812 he sold this property to General Isaac Van Home, hence its name. In 1819 he removed to Chillicothe, and after a few years returned and had much to do with getting tbe Capital removed from Zanesville to its preSent location. He once owned the land on which it is Situated. His family consisted of two sons and two daughters.
James Hampson, of Berkeley county, Virginia, being awarded the contract for building the
1809 court house, brought a small force with him, arriving the l0th of April, 1809, his family following in. June, and they became permanent citizens. Mr. Hampson was subsequently Collector of United States Revenue for the Zanesville District. In 1818 he was elected to the Legislature, in 1819 was Sheriff, and in 1825 again a member of the Legislature. His family consisted of his wife Sarah, born in Berkeley county, Virginia, and six children. He died in Zanesville, March 26, 1843.
John S. Parkinson came in 1810, and moved his family into a log house on the northeast corner of Fountain alley and Third street. During the war of 1812 he began transporting commissary stores, and finally entered the army. At the close of the war Captain Parkinson bought a farm about two miles southeast of the city. In 1820 he made brick for the Northup warehouse ; in 1828 he was one of the Ohio Canal contractors, and, subsequently, for many years a Justice of the Peace in Wayne township. He died in 1871.
AN ACT TO INCORPORATE THE TOWN OF ZANESVILLE.
SECTION I. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, that all that part of the town of Zanesville, in the county of Muskingum, included in the original plat thereof, now on record in the county of Washington, together with all the additional lots since added thereto on the east side of the river Muskingum, and now on record in the county of Muskingum, be, and the same is hereby erected into a town corporate, and shall henceforth be known and distinguished by the name of the "Borough of Zanesville," subject, however, to such alterations and regulations as the Legislature may from time to time think proper to make."
The remaining twelve sections of this act pro: vide for the election of officers ; the judges of election to be elected viva voce ; the oath and manner of conducting the election ; the corporation may sue and be sued ; may have a common seal ; the trustees may fill vacancies and make by-Laws. ; provided, no laws shall ever be made by them subjecting cattle or hogs not belonging to the inhabitants of said Borough to be taken up and sold for coming within the bounds of said corporation. The Trustees were authorized to lay a tax, provided the ."tax so laid in any one year shall not exceed one balf per cent. on the value thereof," and provides that the Town Marshall shall be the collector, and pay over to tbe Treasurer all sums of money levied for the use of said Borough, within three months from the time of receiving the duplicate thereof, and the Treasurer's receipt shall be his voucher upon settlement with the Mayor, Recorder and Trustees ; the manner of collecting tax ; the Marshall and Treasurer's bond ; appeal allowed to court ; the regulation of imprisonment. This act was signed by John Pollock, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Othniel Looker, Speaker of the Senate, and bears date January 21, 1814. January 26, 1818, an act was paSsed defining the limits of Zanesville. This description will be found in the record entitled "the Town Plat of Zanesville and the subsequent additions thereto and subdivisions of lots."
At the earnest solicitation of some old settlers, we give the following list 0f the boys and girls of 1820 and 1821, revised by L. P. Bailey :
THE Boys.—Isaac Dillon, James and Henry Granger, Robert Hazlett, James V. Cushing, Jno. and William Latimore, Thomas Flanner, Caleb Johnson, Nathaniel and Charles WilSon, Gordius, Pascal and Samuel Hall, David Spangler, Charles Hill, Jno. Bliss, Charles Cleveland, Benjamin Reeve, C. B. Goddard, Chas. Gilbert, Richard Stilwell, Bernard Van Horne, Wm. Carhart, Franklin Van Horne, Jefferson Van Horne, Henry Orndorff, Ezekiel T. Cox, Horatio Cox, James Ragnet, Dillon Brooks, Gilbert McFadden, Samuel Richmond, Leonard P. Bailey, Erasmus Downer, Thomas, William, George and Charles Adams, John, Jacob, Adam and Martin Peters, Dickinson, Thos.
HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO - 77
Hughes, Peter Mills, Jr., Thomas Shepherd, Thomas Goff, Isaiah Miller, John Huntington, Michael Dulty, Robert Campbell, Samuel Campbell, Wm. Thompson, James Doster, Paul Hahn, JesSe Roberts, Jno. K. Barret, Geo. W. O'Harra, Jonas, Henry and Edward Stanbery, Win. Harris, Isaac and Jno. Sockman, Jno. Harrison, Geo. Menely, Geo. Hahn, Lucius Dubois, R. S. Bostwick, Joseph Springer, Thomas Miller, Bradley, Zerieth Fulton, George and Septimus Parker, Noah Z. Mercer, Joseph Thrap, Thomas Mart, (Dr.) Burnham, JoSeph Chambers, John Rogers, Benjamin Wheeler, Franklin Putnam, George L. Clapp, JoSeph R. Thomas, Geo. Worts, Jesse and Jno. Dare, Harvey, Robert and Jonas Safford, George White, Wm. Snashall, Solomon Sturges, Wm. Hadley, Milton B. and Zattoo Custing, Cyrus Meriam, Austin Guthire, Brainard Spencer, Ira Belknap, Washington Haver, Peter Miser, Samuel Glass, James Goshen, James Mathews, Samuel Russell, John Harrison and George Warner.
THE GIRLS.—Harriet, Sophia and Augusta Conyers, Amelia McIntire, Caroline Calhoun, Lizzie and Marian Mart, Ann and Susan Sullivan, Harriet Hampson, Wilson, Elizabeth and Ann Shepherd, Harriet and Ann Walpole, Harriet WeSley, Rosanna .Perry, Mary Pelham, Matilda Strayer, Sarah Ann V Waglum, Ellen Worden, Theresa Carhart, Kesiah Dillon, Eliza Price, Betsy Doster, Lavinia Hahn, Mary Hahn, Sarah, Eliza and Charlotte Spangler, "Kitty" Helton, Eliza Peters, Margaret and Mary Ann Thompson, Catharine and Elizabeth Harkins, Eliza Culbertson, Frances Strickland, Sarah and Patience Van Horn, Maria and Ann Chambers, Jane and Mary Flood, Caroline Reeve, Mary and Minerva Herrick, Melvina Mitchell, Louisa and Matilda Moorebead, Lucinda Molsberry, Louisa and Deborah Silliman, Emily CummingS, Jane Putnam, Lucy Reed, Lucy Bell, Eliza Dare, Melissa, Abigail and Sarah Mathews, Amanda and Eliza Buckingham, Abigail and Catharine Tupper, - Glass, - Marvin, Sarah Fairlamb, Nancy Stickney, Jerusha Hale, Mary Pardy, Mary Gould and Mary A. Sloan.
The foregoing recitals concerning the early settlers of Zanesville have been gleaned from notes resulting from repeated interviews with them or their descendants, by Mr. E. H. Church, and however barren they may seem to those who have no memories awakened by them, it is but simple justice to say that they are a noble monument to the painstaking and adherence to truth that characterized Mr. Church. And as the years go by, and history again repeats itself, Whoever will undertake a similar task will at least feel constrained to join in this tribute to his memory. There are those now living, possibly, who will take these texts and from them utter sermons of instruction, but it was not the good fortune of Mr. Church or the writer of these pages to discover them. We hear them saying:
" We are gathered here together in the light of happy years,
To resume our lives with the memories of the hardy pioneers ;
We, the children they have nurtured ;
we, the children they have blest,
In the valley, by the river, where their holy ashes rest ;
In the valley their afflictions and their blood have sanctified ;
By the river, golden-storied with their worth and virtues tried."
These were the foundation stones of which "the City of Natural Advantages" may well be proud. That they each bore an important part in the fabrication of the present high state of prosperity, and the social ties, termed good society, will more fully appear as we trace their evolutions. For convenience in this exhibit, we have arranged the industries in alpbabetic order.
BAKERIES.—The first to meet the demand for bread in this region were Mrs. Samuel Parker, Mrs. Christian Spangler, and Mrs. Hillier, in 1807. They baked bread and cakes in "dutch ovens," and sold the bread at a "fip" (64 cts.) per pound, and cakes at a "bit" ( cts.) per dozen. The following year one L. Hatman opened a "bake shop" on the site now occupied by Blocksom's drug store. Lewis Verden bought Hatman out and added the manufacture of candy, and after some years sold out to Smith & Nefley, who in turn sold to Henry Willey. Such were the beginnings of this business in Zanesville.
BOOK-BINDERS.—In 1816 J. Skinner & Co. started the first book-bindery. In 1817 they sold the establishment to A. S. Pennington & Co., who sold it back to J. Skinner & Co. in 1819.
Previous to 1822, the proprietors of the "Muskingum ,Messenger" inaugurated a bindery. May 22d, 1822, the business passed into the hands of Ezekiel T. Cox & Co.
SULLIVAN & PARSONS' BOOK-BINDERY was established in 1865, by Captain Hugh Dunn, a practical book-binder, who began in a small, brick building that occupied a part of the ground now the sight of the Court House, fronting nearly opposite the Atheneum as now situated. This building was afterwards enlarged to two stories, and known as "14 North Fourth street." He subsequently added a "job office," and soon gained a liberal patronage, printing letter-heads, bill-heads, and statements, chiefly. In, 1869 Mr. E. R. Sullivan was admitted to partnership, and the establishment was conducted by Dunn & Sullivan. In 1870 Mr. Dunn retired and was succeeded by Henry Brown, and the business was done by Sullivan & Brown. The establishment had to vacate their old stand in 1873, to make room for the new Court HouSe, and they then occupied No. 87 Star Block. The working department was divided and under special management from 1869 to 1874—the book-bindery under management of Mr. H. H. Barker and the job printing under Mr. Hiram Mercer, both Skilled workmen.
In 1875 the final change was effected, when Henry Brown retired and was succeeded by Henry Parsons, a practical printer, formerly of
78 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.
the "Courier" office. In October they moved into Maginnis Block, and purchased the frame build- in the rear formerly occupied by F. Abel, which is occupied with engine, presses, etc.
In 1876 the bindery passed under the control of Robert Campbell, a skilled workman, and the job printing under the management of Henry Parsons, with Mr. Sullivan as manager of the general business, including the "Times" printing establishment, with which it is connected.
SANDEL'S BINDERY, AND BOOK AND JOB PRINTING ESTABLISHMENT.—L. D. Sandel started his job printing office at No. 101 Main street in 1870, and moved to his present location, No. 17 1/2 North Fourth street, in June, 1876, having purchased the property ; and soon after he purchased the machinery and tools for a first-class bindery—a Hickock ruling machine, pageing machine, table shears, two presses, and improved tools.
The printing press is run by a Baxter engine, and the job office is supplied with full fonts of modern type, borders, cuts, and fancy ornaments. The force employed averages six persons, including the proprietor. His work has been for parties in adjoining counties and out of the State, as well as for generous patrons at home.
THE COURIER BOOK-BINDERY was established April 1st, 1880. It is fitted up with the latest improved machinery for manufacturing all kinds of blank books, binding magazines, journals, etc., and is superintended by J. D. Rea, formerly of Dayton, Ohio, one of the most competent book-binders in the State. This establishment is located in a part of the "Courier" office, No. 32 Opera Block, and was inaugurated by the enterprising managers of the "Courier" Newspaper and Job Printing House, now too well known to need commendation.
BREWERS.—The first brewery in Zanesville was by a Philadelphian, whose name has not found a record or lodgment in anybody's memory, but was purchased by one George Painter in 1807. It was located on the site now the northwest corner of South and Fifth streets. Painter continued to brew there until 1811, when he sold to Jacob Young, who continued the business until 1815, when he abandoned the business. In 1813, about the 17th of November, William Marshall opened a brewery in a frame building on the site occupied by Power House, No. 3. James Boyd was his brewer, and made about thirty barrels per week. In 1815 Barton & McGowan bought the concern and turned it into a distillery. In 1816 Joseph Lattimore built a brewery on the site occupied now by Miller & Company, pork packers. Caleb Jobnson was the brewer. In 1829 Ballentine & Son bought the property and continued the business until 1835, when the concern Was converted into a flour mill. In 1835 C. F. Hass built what was known as the American House Brewery, and operated it until 1841. At the death of Mr. Hass, about 1850, John Classman bought the property and continued the business three years ; it was then sold to William Fox. In 1843 Christian F. Achauer built, near the head of Main street. This brewery had a capacity of three thousand barrels per annum.
In 1854 Rev. George F. Goebel and Conrad Fischer built a small brewery on the northeast corner of Spring and High streets. They brewed about two hundred and fifty barrels annually. In 1856 Mr. Fischer withdrew and Goebel sold the property to Kirsner & Horn, who continued it until 1865, when the property was sold to John A. Bremer & Co.
In 1855 Edward Didas began to brew in a small way. In 1856 Conrad Fischer went into the business again. In 1874 the firm of Fischer Brothers made 2,373 barrels of beer. In 1860 Sebastian Bohn began brewing ; in 1879 he Sold 117 barrels of beer. In 1865 the partnership or Horn & Co.—consisting of Adolph Horn, Frank Kirsner, Adolpb and Edward Merkle—was formed, and in 1869 the Merkle brothers bought out their partners and have since done business under the name of Merkle Brothers, and in 1876 they brewed 3,407 barrels of beer.
BRIDGES.—An act of the Legislature, session of 1812, authorized Levi Whipple and others to erect a toll bridge over the Muskingum river, and provided for the location, which was about the same as the present Putnam bridge. The charter was for ninety-nine years. Mr. Whipple associated with him Ebenezer Buckingham, Benjamin Tupper and Dr. Increase Mathews, and at once began to construct the bridge, which was completed in 1813. This was not a covered bridge, and the piers, though the same that now support the Putnam bridge, were not carried up to their present height by eight feet. In the lapse of four or five years the superstructure fell down, and it was rebuilt about 1818 or 1819 by "Father Goshen," on his own plan. May 27th, 1845, at night, this bridge was burned. The loss was estimated at about fifteen thousand dollars. The work of rebuilding was commenced immediately. Mr. C. P. Buckingham (now of Chicago) informs us that he had the piers finished as they now are, and the superstructure built on the same general plan as the upper bridge. The Main street bridge was built Soon after the Putnam bridge. Jacob Houck built the stone pier under the forks, which was completed in 1813. The woodwork was finished in 1814. Samuel Parker was toll-keeper until a portion of the east end of the bridge fell into the river in 1818. Mr. C. P. Buckingham informs us that it was the crumbling of one of the piers on which the new superstructure rested temporarily until the "new pier close to it could be built up and take the load," that caused the bridge to fall. Mr. E. H. Church furnished the following on this subject : "August 21, 1832, a great freshet had drawn a large number of people to the bridge, apprehending danger of its being carried away ; and, strange to relate, with this danger staring them in the face, many were on the bridge, when suddenly about three hundred feet of the east end of the bridge fell into the swollen torrent ; among those who went
HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 79
down into the angry tide were Ebenezer Buckingham and Jacob Boyd. Mr. Buckingham's body was recovered a few days after, about four miles below the city, by a Mr. Bliss, who received the reward of five hundred dollars offered by the family. It is not known whether Mr. Boyd's body was recovered or not. The bridge was repaired Soon after, and the bridges were subsequently made free bridges through the agency of Edward Ball and others.
The Fifth street bridge was built by the Smith Bridge Co., Toledo, 0., in 1878 ; the stone work was done by Thomas B. Townsend. The total cost was twenty-one thousand dollars.
BURYING CASES.—As late as 1802 these were made of bark, peeled from trees of the proper size to inclose the body ; were lined with leaves and dry grass and bound together with withes or sometimes with cords.
In 1802 the first coffin was made of boards ; it was for Dr. Increase Mathews' first wife ; the second was made soon after for "Gracy," daughter of Andrew Crooks. They were made by Richard McBride. The first bearse seen here. was owned by John P. Stevens and Henry Mussellman—it was without trimming or lining.
In 1837 the first regular undertaker, Louis Brenholtz, offered his services. He bad a fine hearse built by William Shultz. The first ready made coffins were kept by James Cherry, of Putnam.
The "King of Terrors" has since made his havoc more general, and mankind, becoming more familiar with the inevitable, have demanded that the habiliments for the dead be kept in readiness. To say that this demand has been met in all its requirements is to repeat a familiar story ; and to attempt a description of these things would be as futile as to detail the minutiae of the fashions—for fashion has entered this arena with its inexorable laws.
In 1867 Edmund N. Hatcher commenced undertaking, and in 1873 took his son into partnership, and soon after joined John H. Crooks in the manufacture of coffins ; they were also dealers in undertakers' supplies. This partnership was dissolved January 1st, 1877, and the parties severally went into business for themselves. In 1878 Mr. E. N. Hatcher became the author and publisher of the "Funeral Guide," a very useful work, "giving the minutest detail of the whole funeral obsequies."
In 1869 Jonathan Hatcher, I. G. Hatcher and Jesse F. Hather, under the firm name of Jonathan Hatcher & Sons, erected the frame building now occupied by them. [A part of this building was built by S. S. Mann & Jacob Smith about 1854.] Here they commenced the first coffin manufactory in Zanesville. The material, chiefly poplar and black walnut, was purchased in W. Virginia, and the pine from the pineries of the North. This firm continued until 1872, when it was changed to J. Hatcher & Co., and in 1879 was changed and incorporated as a stock company, called the Zanesville Coffin Company, with a capital of fifty thousand dollars, and the following officers :
President, Jonathan Hatcher ; Secretary and Treasurer, Jesse F. Hatcber. Board of Directors : Jonatban Hatcher, I. G. Hatcher, and Jesse F. Hatcher. They use water power furnished by the Improved Muskingum Water Power System. They require one traveling agent, and the amount of goods sold annually has reached fifty thousand dollars. Seven thousand coffins, besides robes, are manufactured yearly. Their office is at 108 Main street.
In 1871 Henry Sneerer began undertaking in the Maginnis Block (North Fifth street), and in 1873 sold out to John H. Crooks, who continued the business at that place until April, 1879, when he removed to 38 North Fifth street and continues the business, supplying and manufacturing.
CARPENTERS.—A Mr. Lewis and a Mr. Smith arrived in Zanestown May 0, 1801, and were employed by John McIntire at carpentering. In the spring of 1805 John Van Horne, in company with his uncle, Isaac VanHorne (the General), arrived, and soon after John began working at his trade. He built a hewed log house on Pine street, in the Seventh Ward, which was subsequently weather-boarded and painted white, a new occurrence for those days, as it was thereafter known as "the White House." During this year also Wm. Craig was engaged at carpentering. In 1806 he was elected Justice of the Peace. He built a hewed log house for himself on the northwest corner of Market and Fourth streets. He was associated with Thomas Morehead in building the first M. E. Church in 1813. During 1805 J. Marpole, of Bucks county, Pa., came to Zanestown, but abandoned his trade for politics. Noyce Stone came soon after, and he, too, "went into politics."
Daniel and Allen McLain came May 2d, 1806 ; "their first work was on Wm. Montgomery's tavern," the first frame houSe built in Zanestown. They also did the wood work on a brick house built in Zanestown. They also did the wood work on a brick house built the same year for Monroe and Conyers on the southeast corner of Main and Fifth streets. This was the first brick house built in Zanestown.
John A. Cochran arrived in the spring of 1806, and was employed by General Green to erect a frame dwelling at the head of Fountain alley.
Samuel Chapman came in the summer of this year and built a frame house for Benjamin Tupper. This is thought to have been the second frame building erected in Zanestown.
Richard Brookover worked at his trade during this year. His family lived with Wm. Langley, in a cabin which stood in Fountain alley in the rear of the Courier office as now located. Here his daughter, Increase, was born.
June 8th, 1808, Gilbert Blue and his young bride arrived from Pittsburg, Pa. In 180 he erected a frame dwelling for Rev. David Young, on the southwest corner of Second and Main streets. In 1824 he built a three-story frame for a hotel fpr Fulton & Parker on the site now oc-
80 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.
cupied by the "Clarendon" ; and in 1845-6 he and Robert Hazlett built the steamer " Putnam."
Joseph Hocking came in 1808 ; during the winter of 1809-10 he surperintended the carpenter work on the residence of Alexander M. Laughlin, corner of Sixth and Market streets.
Captain James Hampson was in Zanestown in 1801, but did not locate here until June, 1809, when he became one of the contractors for the erection of the State House. He was subsequently well known as a contractor.
William Blocksom came in 1809 and was associated with James Hampson in building the State House. In 1817 he formed a partnership with Mr. Fracker, and they built many houses.
James Millis came in 1820 ; his first work was on the Northrup warehouse at the foot of Fifth street. In 1822 he built for himself a two-story brick dwelling on the southeast corner of Sixth and Marietta streets. In 1828-9 he built the first brick M. E. Church (Rev. Nathan Emory, pastor), and did the carpenter work on the second M. E. Church in 1842 Mr. Millis was ninety-five years old January 30, 1880, and occupied the house No. 96 South Sixth street, built by him in 1822.
CARPET WEAVERS.—The first person to engage in carpet weaving, in 1812, had a room on the northeast corner of Fourth and Spruce streets: In 1818 James Covington was doing carpet weaving one and a half miles west of Putnam.
In 1818 Moses Dillon built woolen mills at the mouth of the Licking river and put in a patent loom for making all wool ingrain carpets and coverlets. The style of those goods was known as the "Rose and Thistle" pattern. One of those carpets was presented as a wedding gift to Mrs. Dr. Washington Morehead, March 21st, 1830, and seems .to have been a very notable event, as mention is made of it in several places in old chronicles.
CLOCK MAKERS.--Richard and George Reeve, Sr., were engaged in this and the jewelry business as early as 1809. Their place of business was on Third street near the site now occupied by Jones & Abbott's foundry. They made the old time tall case clock, to stand on the floor—one for Dr. Increase Mathews, one for John McIntire, and one for L. P. Bailey. The latter is in good preservation and bids fair to last a century. About 1815 the firm removed to what is now No. 92 Main street, and were subsequently succeeded by Harry Safford and Charles Dickinson. During this year Francis Cleveland and John Bliss were in the business on Main street opposite the court house. Mr. Charles Hill was in their employ and subsequently formed a partnership with Mr. A. C. Ross in the jewelry and watch making business. They were, also, superior copper plate engravers, and made many of the "shin-plaster" plates.
COTTON FACTORY.—In 1829 Jeremiah Dare built a machine shop in the upper Story of his woolen factory, having sent to Baltimore, Maryland, for skilled workmen—Elias Ebert, Benjamin J. Wood, George Martin, Shipley and John Pardingtonand constructed the machinery, for a cotton factory which was built in the building now used by Duval & Co., northeast corner of Third and Market streets. Mr. Dare and his son John D. Dare operated this mill until 1832, when they turned the lower story into a machine shop, where they made cotton and wool manufacturing machinery. They made cotton yarn and batting. Cotton yarn was legal tender hereabouts in those days. Their store was in a one-story frame building that stood on the northwest corner of Third and Main streets, the site now occupied by Joseph Crosby's grocery store. During the month of December, 1846, a subscription was taken among the business men for the purpose of establishing a cotton mill on a larger scale, and a company known as the Zanesville Cotton Mill was inaugurated with the following stockholders :
John A. Adams, George A. Jones, Wm. Galigher, Nathan Gattrell, Stephen R. Hosmer, Adam Peters, James L. Cox, Samuel Cox, E. E. Filmore, David H. Lyman, J. V. Cushing and Daniel Conyers, subscribing, together, fourteen thouSand dollars, and Richard Huff Subscribing seven thousand dollars ; a total of twenty-one thousand dollars.
The company organized, by electing the following officers : President, John A. Adams; Secretary, David H. Lyman ; General Superintendent, Richard Huff.
The first month's work reported, beginning January loth, 1847, and ending February 6th, 1847, was as follows :
Yarns, pounds of, 6,409 ; batting, poundS of, 2,115 ; made on 500 spindles. Mr. Huff informs us that he could start the cotton at the picker and in three hours have it ready for sale.
In 1854 Mr. Galigher built a large cotton mill on the southwest corner of Underwood and Zane. streets, and manufactured sheeting, batting and yarns, continuing in the business until his death, February 17, 1860. The mill was subsequently sold to Mr. E. Mathews. The machinery was purchased by Richard Huff, a skilled workman, and superintendent of the Zanesville Cotton Mill. Mr. N. White superintended for Mr. Galigher, and was well skilled in the business.
The date of sale of the Zanesville Cotton Mill does not appear from the records at our service, but under the subsequent management it appears that " the purchasers met at the office of George James, in June, 1855, and George James acted as chairman, and William Taylor as secretary." " The capital stock, for the present, is fixed at the same, twenty thousand dollars, to be divided into shares of five hundred dollars each ; each stockholder to be allowed
STORE OF L. WILES & SONS, Zanesville, Ohio
In 1837 Lawson Wiles, the present senior member of the house, settled at Zanesville. He was born in Frederick county, Maryland, July 3,1814. During the spring of 1815 the family removed to Springfield township, Muskingum county. Here were passed the days of boyhood and youth, receiving the benefits of a practical education. In his seventeenth year he began life as a teacher in one of the subscription schools. From 1831 to 1837 during the winter season he officiated as a teacher, and in the summer profitably employed his time upon a farm. In 1837 Mr. Wiles made a purchase of a small stock of groceries, and began in business in what is now the Ninth ward. This store was located on the Main street at that time, and a removal was subsequently made to a larger store, opposite the old Market House, on the corner of Putnam avenue and Madison street. The business grew steadily from that time until the present. S, L. and C. C. Wiles, who were educated to business pursuits from their earliest years, were admitted to partnership in 1870. The new firm, abandoning their old business quarters in Putnam street, moved to what is commonly termed Zanesville, and embarked in an exclusive wholesale and retail dry goods trade at No. 93 Main street, where a prosperous trade was transacted up to 1871. That year they occupied the old building on the present site of the new brick. This structure was completed in 1876. It is three stories in height, one hundred and eight feet deep, and twenty feet wide. It is undeniably the best adapted for the purpose for which it is intended of any similar establishment in the city. All goods are purchased at a low figure, imported and otherwise, principally for cash, and purchasers are assured of low prices and reliable goods.
THE SHINNICK BLOCK, Main Street, Zanesville.
IN 1839 W. M. Shinnick, the senior member of the firm of Shinnick & Sullivan, first settled in Zanesville. For a period of years he was engaged in the manufacture of rope, in connection with his brother, who had previously moved to the town. In 1848 he embarked in the slove and house-furnishing trade, in which he has since remained. To Mr. Shinnick is due the credit of Zanesville having one of lhe largest stove foundries in the State. It was projected in 1865 and completed in 1869, at an estimated cost of $75,000. This is to-day, and has been from the start, one of the soundest institutions of the West. In 1880 John C. Sullivan was admitted to partnership in the stove and house-furnishing department of Mr. Shinnick's extensive business. In March of 1882, the firm began the erection of a new building, where ample storage capacity could be secured, due to the vast proportions their trade was assuming.. The Shinniek Block was completed at the close of the summer of 1882, and is one of the finest business blocks in the city. It was erected at a large cost ; is three slories in height, with a front of seventy-five feet, and is ninety-five feet in depth. The store was opened to the public September 5lh, 1882. The third floor is intended for a public hall. It is well ventilated, well lighted, contains twenty-five large windows, and is one of the public halls in the city. It was leased by the Knights of Labor, prior to the erection of the building, and is elegantly furnished. Mr. Shinnick is Vice President of the First National Bank. lie also holds a prominent position in lhe Masonic fraternity.
HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO - 81
one vote for each share of stock paid up." The following is a list of the shareholders :
Bazil Burton, eight shares of $500 = $4,000
Jesse Duvall, eight shares of $500 = 4 000
S. R. Homrer, four shares of $500 = 2,000
Wm. Galigher, four shares of $500 = 2,000
J, A. Adams four shares of $500 = 2,000
Samuel Clark four shares of $500 = 2,000
George James, four shares of $.00 = 2,000
J. Galigher, two shares of $500 = 1,000
Adam Peters, two shares of $500 = 1,000
Total, forty shares - $20,000
THE STAR COTTON MILLS COMPANY gave a deed of trust to W. A. Graham and C. W. Pot- win, which was foreclosed and the property sold to Hoover and Allison, the present proprietors, February 27, 1879. R. A. Kelly, general manager, and General Artemus Schofield superintendent. The cotton is shipped from Memphis and Nashville, Tenn., and other choice markets in the South. The appliances for preparing the cotton for working into the products of the mill are among the best ; the mill contains eighteen cards and two thousand spindles. The products of the mills . are 500 pounds carpet woof, 300 pounds of rope, in various sizes, 250 pounds seamless bags and 400 pounds wrapping twine, per day ; and the firm employ seventy-five handS ; the monthly pay-roll is about $1,400. This industry has had many a struggle since its inception, but, judging from the business now done, success is crowning the enterprise. It is among the most important of the many manufacturing establishments in Zanesville.
DAMS.-About 1810, Isaac Zane, son of Jonathan Zane, yielding to the advice of his father, built the first dam at Zanesville. The tradition is that the elder Zane promised his son a half interest in the dam if he would build it. To complete the work, Isaac had to borrow two thousand dollars, to secure which he mortgaged a thirty acre tract of land, owned by him. When the dam was completed, the old gentleman came over from Wheeling, on horseback, and sold the dam to Moses Dillon and Sons, put the money into his Saddle-bags and returned to Wheeling, leaving his son two thousand dollars in debt and no interest in the dam. The effect of this act, if the story is true, was to build another, damn, in the minds of those who sympathized with young Zane. The former was called " the Licking Dam," and the latter was prefixed with an invocation to Deity.
The next dam was provided for by charter, as follows :
" Charter granted John McIntire and his associates, to erect a dam above the Licking, at a point nearly opposite Market street.
" The said dam to commence at an abutment made in the river, two chains from the east bank of in circular form, to an abutment on the west bank of said river. The said dam not to exceed a level of five feet at the abutment in the river ; and build a slope of thirty feet wide, one inch fall to every foot in length. The said John McIntire and associates shall, at all times, keep the slope in good repair for the passage of rafts. From the abutment in the river, near the eastern bank, he shall erect a wing dam, parallel with the bank of the river, the wing dam to extend from the abutment to a point of rocks opposite to the terminus of an alley, which passes by the house of said McIntire (Fountain alley) ; the said John McIntire and associates shall construct good and sufficient locks for boats ascending and descending the river ; the locks to be not less tban twenty-five feet wide, and not less than ninety feet long ; to keep said locks in good repair, and keep a person to lock the crafts through, without delay, and free of expense to the owners of the crafts. John McIntire and associates to be granted the permission to cut the canal one chain and fifty links, below the lower (Putnam)bridge ; the water to pass into the river through locks built of good cut sandstone, twenty-five feet wide and ninety feet long ; to be granted the privilege of collecting toll at these locks when constructed, at the rate of twenty- five cents per ton for every boat or water craft ; crafts with a capacity of less than a ton, six cents for every hundred weight ; every empty porogue, or canoe, twenty-five cents. John McIntire and associates to pay all expenses for keeping the locks in repair ; the dam and canal to be completed within six years after the passage of this act.
MATHIAS CORWIN,
Speaker of the House.
THOMAS KIRKER,
President of the Senate. Passed Feb. 21, 1812."
DISTILLERIES.—The first distillery was built on Mill run, near Zanestown, in 1808, by Spencer Lahew.
In 1813, Barton and McGowan had a distillery on the site now occupied by Power House, No. 3.
In 1815, Valentine Best paid a tax of $566.79 for manufacturing whisky. Spencer Lahew paid a tax of $ 159.20 ; Joseph Sheets paid a tax of $550.40 ; and . John Sidell paid a tax of $332.27. The location of the latter two is unknown.
EXPRESS COMPANIES.—The first business of this kind, in Zanesville, was the "Pony Express," inaugurated by the Postoffice Department at Washington, D. C., in 1836, to carry important mail and other light matter. This express passed through this city to Columbus, and made the trip between the two places in five hours. The distance was estimated at fifty-four miles. Mr. A. B. Dumm was one of the express riders from Zanesville to Columbus. During this year, D. Tallmadge started and ran "mail stage lines between Zanesville (Ohio) and Maysville (Kentucky). The Bainbridge and Cincinnati, Lancaster and Columbus Pilot line, of four- horse post coaches, leaves Zanesville every morning at 8 o'clock, running through Lancaster, Chillicothe and Bainbridge, to Maysville,
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(Kentucky), connecting at Bainbridge with this line to Cincinnati, through Maysville in 36 hours, or to Cincinnati in 48 hours. For seats in Zanesville, apply at the office of Neil, Moore & Co.'s General Stage Office, National House."
Prior to 1846, James D. Burr, Charles E. Brown, and Himple, were running a daily stage line over the National road, between Wheeling and Zanesville ; and during this year they began a regular express business, in connection with Cass & Co.'s Ohio River Express. Henry Orundorf was the first Zanesville agent. He had his office in the old stage tavern. This express business fell into the hands of the Adams Express Company, in July, 1854. The present officer and assistants of this company, are : Thomas Brown, agent ; Thomas Scott, bill clerk, and John Scott, driver. Office, 15 North Fourth street. The American Express Company opened their office April 1st, 1852. A. C. Ross, then a jeweler, acted as their first agent, at a salary of fifty dollars per annum.
The B. & O. Express Company opened their office in Zanesville, September 12th, 1871. Their present officers are : J. C. Gerwick, agent ; Frank Schultz, clerk. Office, Main street, next to Deposit Bank.
FILE MANUFACTORY.—In 1854, Henry Rockel inaugurated this industry, and still continues the business, having made it a success.
FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS.—In 1819, Thos. L. Pierce started a foundry on the site now owned by Jacob Smith & Co. In 1827, Richmond and Robert Bostwick purchased the business. In 1832, John A. Adams and Benjamin Wheeler became their successors. In 1839, they built on the site now occupied by Jones & Abbott, and continued the business until 1848, when the firm changed to Gilbert. & Wheeler, who continued the business until 1863, when Sullivan & Herd- man became proprietors. In 1866, Charles H: Jones was admitted to the firm, and in 1871 Charles H. Abbott became a partner, and the firm name was changed to Jones & Abbott, who continue the business on an extensive scale.
In 1826, William Blocksom and John T. Fracker built a foundry in Fountain alley, between Sixtb and Seventh streets, where they conducted a general foundry business until the fall of 1833, when Mr. Fracker withdrew, and was succeeded by George Wand, A. P. Blocksom, (son of William Blocksom), and Henry Blandy, who did business under the name of Blocksom, Blandy & Co., and soon after leased the Dillon's Falls Furnace and Forge, for two years, when they did business under the name of Dillon, Blandy & Co., and in 1835 this firm dissolved. In 1838, Henry Blandy, William Blocksom, and his sons, G. W. and A. P., formed a partnership, and operated under the name of Blocksom, Blandy & Co., and continued the business until 1840, when Mr. Blandy withdrew and formed the firm of H. and F. Blandy, who prepared for a large business, and in 1866 employed three hundred and twenty men, and did business amounting to seven hundred and eighty thousand dollars. Their business has been constantly increasing and is now very large.
In 1830, John D. Dare and Elias Ebert began to do business, under the name of Dare & Ebert, and built the first steam engine made in Zanesville. In 1832, this firm became Dare, Whitaker & Co., and continued the business until 1837, when Ebert and Whitaker withdrew and built a new shop, on the corner of Sixth and Main streets, where they operated until 1840, and then built the shops now occupied by Griffith & Wedge, on South Fifth street. This establishment passed into the hands of Griffith & Wedge about 1856, and they continue to do business there, with very greatly enlarged buildings and facilities.
In 1839, John T. Fracker and his son, John T,, built a small foundry, on the southwest corner of Locust alley and Sixth street, where they made small castings, chiefly. In 1850 this firm changed to John T. Fracker & Bro., and in 1852 to John T. Fracker, Jr., who continued the business until 1870.
In 1851, the firm of Douglas, Smith & Co. was formed, and carried on the foundry business until the breaking out of the War of the Rebellion, and was then changed to Douglas Brothers, but failed soon after.
January 1st, 1866, William M. Shinnick, Daniel Hatton, George D. Gibbons, and William J. Woodside, entered into partnership, under the name of Shinnick, Hatton & Co., for the purpose of doing foundry business, and occupied the old Blocksom foundry, on Fountain alley, which they enlarged. In 1870 this firm name was changed to Shinnick, Woodside & Gibbons. The establishment is known as the Union Foundry.
IRON FURNACES.—In 1818, Abraham Wood and Elias Ebert, under the firm name of Wood & Ebert, started a blast furnace at the mouth of Simms' creek, where they made pig iron for a few years ; much of this was used in T. L. Pierce's foundry, and by the Reeves' in their nail and bar iron works. The business was closed in 1822.
In 1830, Jeremiah Dare was engaged in the manufacture of castings, machinery, etc. From this small beginning, sprung the great works of Duvall & Co., northeast corner of Third and Market streets.
In 1848, John Newell, W. T. Davis, John J, James, John H. Jones, Benjamin Louth, and William James, under the firm name of Newell, Davis, James & Co., with a capital of $20,000, was organized. The company passed through various vicissitudes until July 3d, 1857, when it was incorporated as the Ohio Iron Company, with a capital of $75,000. The directory, at the time of organization, consisted of Henry Blandy, President, C. W. Potwin, Secretary, Samuel Baird, Treasurer, E. B. Greene and E. E. Filmore.
HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO - 83
The present officers are : President, James Herdman ; Secretary and Treasurer, Oliver Ong ; Superintendent, W. P. Brown ; Directors, James Herdman, M. Churchill, W. A. Graham, Thos. Griffith, F. J. L. Blandy, Alex. Grant and T. W. Gattrell.
In 1859, the Zanesville Furnace Company was organized, with the following membership : Nathan Gattrell, George A. Jones, William Fox, Joseph Black, John C. English, Samuel Baird, Charles W. Potwin, and Duston H. Willard.
The capital was divided into shares of $1,000 each. They manufactured pig iron. The business was purchased by the Ohio Iron Company, in 1862. The present officers of the Ohio Iron Company are : President, M. Churchill ; Secretary and Treasurer, C. W. Greene.
ZANESVILLE GASLIGHT COMPANY.—The inflammable aeriform fluid was first evolved from coal by Dr. Clayton, in 1739. Its application to the purposes of illumination was first tried by Mr. Murdock in, Cornwall, in 1792. The first display of gaslights was made at Boulton & Watts' foundry, in Birmingham, England, on the occasion of the rejoicings for peace in 1802, Gas was permanently used, to the exclusion of lamps and candles, at the cotton mills of Phillips and Lee, in Manchester, in 1805. The streets of New York, (the first in the United States), were first lighted with gas in the winter of 1823-4. The first gas used in Zanesville, Ohio, was in November, 1849, the Zanesville Gaslight Company having been incorporated and built in the early part of the same year.
The capital stock of this company—$50,000-- is held by about forty persons. From the time the works were built until 1867, one gasometer, or holder, was sufficient ; during that year another was built, and in 188o a third was added.
From 1849 to 1852, John Graves was the Superintendent, and from that year until 1865 A. J. Printz held that position, since which time his son, Eugene Printz, has filled the office. In 1865, the company charged $4.18 per thousand feet for gas ; in 188o it was reduced to $2.00 per thousand feet. In 1880 the number of consumers amounted to 900, and the number of street lamps lighted 400, requiring about twenty miles of pipe, two miles of which was laid that year.
The Directors and officers are elected by the stockholders annually. In 1881 they were as follows :
A. C. Ross, H. Stanbery, Dr. C. C. Hildreth, M. M. Granger, D. C. Conyers, Directors.
The Directors at once met and elected the following officers : A. C. Ross, President ; Alex. Grant, Treasurer ; A. Guille, Secretary ; Eugene Printz, Superintendent.
The works are located on Sixth street, between Center and Howard streets.
GLASS.—The oldest specimen of glass bearing anything like a date, is a little molded lion's head, bearing the name of an Egyptian King of the eleventh dynasty. It is in the Slade collection of the British Museum. This dynasty may be placed about 2000 B. C. Glass was not only made but made with skill at that time, which shows that the art was nothing new. The invention of glazing pottery with a film, or varnish, of glass is so old that among the fragments which bear inscriptions of the early Egyptian monarchy, are heads, probably of the first dynasty. Of later glass. there are numerous examples, such as a head found at Thebes, which has the name of Queen Hatasoo of the eighteenth dynasty. Of the same period, are vases and goblets and many fragments. It cannot be doubted that the story of Pliny, which assigns the credit of the invention to the Phoenicians, is so far true, that these adventurous merchants brought specimens to other countries from Egypt.
The first glass works in Zanesville was duly chartered by the Legislature, May 13, 1815, with a capital fixed at $5o,000. [See book D., p. 631, Muskingum County Records.] The works were known as the "White Glass Works," and were located on the site that is now the southwest corner of Third and Market streets. Some of the first shareholders were Isaac Van Horne, Samuel Sullivan, Samuel Herrick, Rees Cadwalader, David J. Marpole, John Hamm, and Ebenezer Buckingham. Samuel Sullivan was President of the company, and John Hamm, Secretary. Edmund Jones was Acting Superintendent. Elijah Ross made the blow pipes. Mr. Ross was the father of our worthy townsman, A. C. Ross.
In 1816, James Taylor and Alexander Culbertson built a window glass house on a site opposite the first canal locks, a little south of Slagor run. Mr. Culbertson operated there until 1823, when he died, after which Arnold Lippet, Thomas Murdock and Joseph Cassel operated the establishment, successively.
In 1820, Thomas Mark leased and operated the "White Glass Works." At the expiration of two years, the works passed into the hands of Rev. Joseph Shepherd, Charles Bostwick and James Crosby, and they continued the business until 1835, when Mr. Bostwick withdrew ; three years later, Mr. Shepherd retired, and Mr. Crosby continued the business alone until 1839, when he closed the works.
About 1842, George W. Kearns, Joseph Burns, W. F. Spence, Thomas Reynolds, George Wendt and Samuel Turner, practical glassblowers from Pittsburg, paid Mr. Crosby five hundred dollars each and began operating the works. They gave employment to about forty men. In 1844, Mr. Reynolds and Mr. Wendt sold their interest to the remaining partners ; in 1846, Messrs. Turner and Spence disposed of their interest. Subsequently, Arnold Lippet obtained an interest in the works. In 1848, Mr. Burgess withdrew, leaving Mr. Lippet alone— he abandoned the works—and, after operating the Cassel Window Glass Works as a bottle works for a short time, retired from the glass business.
In 1849, Messrs. Kearns, Burns and John W. Carter built the first bottle factory in Putnam.
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Noah Kearns, R. N. Dunlap and Jacob Stimley have had an interest in these works at different periods. The business was discontinued in 1877.
In 1860, G. W. Kearns, Noah Kearns and Joseph Burns rented, and soon after purchased, the Flint Glass House, built in 1852 by Wm. C. Cassel and Wm. Galligher, at the foot of Main street, In 1863, they built a new establishment— using the old one for a warehouse. The new works were operated in 1880 by Kearns, Herdman and Gorsuch. In 1864 Mr. Burns died, and his heirs withdrew their interest from the works. G. W. and Noah Kearns then built their glass house on the southwest corner of Main and First streets. and manufactured window glass exclusively. They ran both factories until 1868, when they were joined by James Herdman and Joseph T. Gorsuch ; in 1874, Wm. T. Gray became a member of the, firm ; in 1877, G. W. Kearns withdrew and built the Seventh Ward Bottle House, which is in successful operation.
For the data of Zanesville glass works, we are indebted to Messrs. G. W. Kearns, S. P. Baile and William Bay, of Zanesville, and J. B. Bratshaw, of Detroit, formerly of this city.
HATTERS.-1800—The beautiful hat and fur stores which adorn Zanesville, in our day, had their origin in a log shanty, in what is now the Seventh Ward, in 1800. A Mr. Molesherry began the manufacture of hats. He was the first hatter in Zanestown. James Jennings, hatter, came in 1801, and also located in "Natchez," now known as the Seventh Ward.
In 1803, David Herron came and built a log house, and in partnership with his brother James (who made the first brick in Zanesville), carried on the hatter's business for many years.
1805.—Mr. James Culbertson, the hatter, engaged in the manufacture of wool hats, and caps from the skin of muskrat, coon and other fur-bearing animals, which were then plentiful in the country. Mr. Culbertson's shop was located on the southwest corner of Fifth and Market streets. In this shop was made the first silk hat manufactured in this city.
1812.—Among the first to engage extensively in the manufacture of felt hats, was Richard Galagher, at shop southwest corner of Fifth street and Locust alley. Here he carried on the business until 1832 ; he died at Louisville, Ky., while on his way home from a trading trip down the river.
1817.—Walter McKinney opened a hat store at what is now 171 Main street, Zanesville. This lot was then occupied by a small brick store.
James Dutro opened a hat and fur store in 180, in an old frame building, which then occupied 02 Main street.
Other early hatters here were Mr. Mathew Ferguson, 180, and J. B. Allen, 1827.
LAND OFFICE.—In the year 1800, Wyllys Silliman was appointed Register, and General Isaac Van Vorne Receiver of the Land Office located at Zanestown.
The following was found in the "Muskingum Messenger" of July 27, 1814 :
"LAND OFFICE AT ZANESTOWN.—July 1814. Whereas, it is provided by the 5th section of an act of Congress passed on tbe 10th day of May, 1800, entitled "An Act to amend an Act providing for the sale of the lands of the United States, in the territory northwest of the Ohio, and above the mouth of the Kentucky river,' as follows, viz : 'If any tract shall not be completely paid for within one year after the date of the last payment, the tract shall be advertised for sale by the Register of the Land Office within whose district it may lie, in at least five of the most public places in the said district, for at least twenty days before the day of the sale ; and he shall sell the same at vendue, during the session of the Court of Quarter Sessions of the county in which the Land Office is kept, for a price not less than the whole arrears due thereon, with the expenses of sale,' the surplus, if any, shall be returned to the original purchaser or to his legal representatives ; but if the sum due, with interest, be not bidden and paid, then the lard shall revert to the United States, and all monies paid therefor shall be forfeited, and the Register of the Land Office may proceed to dispose of the same to any purchaser, as in the case of other lands at private sale.
In pursuance whereof Public notice is hereby given, that the following tracts not being completely paid for, and one year having elapsed smce the last installment became due, the said tracts will be exposed for sale at public vendue, during the sitting of the Court, on Monday, August 29th, at 10 o'clock A. m. Those tracts not sold may be entered next morning at 5 o'clock.
If the owner, or owners, of any tract of land, or any person in his or her behalf, shall pay the purchase money, interest and costs, prior to the day designated for sale, no sale of such tract shall take place :
Peter Sprinkle, se. qr. sec. 12, T. 3 R. 3. Thos.
Knowles, nw. qr. sec, 8, T. I R. 3.
Wm. Gibson, sw. qr. sec. 22, T. 4 R. 3.
Wm. Claypool. ne. qr. sec. 24, T. 3 R. 9.
Wm. Robinson, ne. qr. sec. 13, T. 4 R. 6.
same ne. qr. sec. 8, T. 4 R. 6.
same ne. qr. sec. 3, T. 4 R. 6.
WYLLYS SILLIMAN,
Register Land Office.'
LIVERY STABLE.—This is one of the necessities in every community, and yet seldom mentioned as such. The transition from village to city life, however, is demonstrated by the inauguration of the convenience of the livery stable, and the oldest inhabitant invariably recognizes this as a land mark and an important feature of the past,
From the Zanesville "Express," of September 30th, 1818, the following was obtained :
" Livery Stable.—Horses, wagons, gigS and apparatus constituting a livery establishment, kept to let, exchange, or sell, at the stable in rear of the Zanesville Coffee House, where travelers
HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO - 85
and others may be accommodated with the opportunity to barter, buy or sell any of the appurtenances common to the establishment, as their circumstances may dictate."
JAMES M. PRESCOTT & Co."
This was the first establishment of the kind, as far as we have any record.
MARBLE WORKS.—Prior to 1812, Rev. Joseph Shepherd was engaged in making tombstones, on North Fifth street, near Market street. At that time no marble was imported, and tomb stones were made of sand stone, and sometimes, though rarely, from lime stone. Preacher Shepherd worked during the week days at this business and preached on Sundays. The inscriptionS on such stones yielded to the wintry blasts and scorching rays of summer sun, and many, now to be seen in the City Cemetery, are as black aS before they were cut.
In 1847, S. G. McBride bought out this busineSS and continued it for some years. Such were the pioneers who opened the way for the present mammoth establishments ; whose rooms are adorned with rarest marbles and enduring granites, cut and shaped in significant beauty. Indeed, monumental architecture is now one of the fine arts.
MARKET HOUSE.—At a meeting of the Town Council, June 5, 1814, the expediency of erecting a public Market House was considered, and thereupon application was made to the County Commissioners for permission to erect a house for thiS purpose. The site chosen was known as the Public Square, the same now occupied by the court house and' jail. The petition was not granted, and the Council decided to erect the building on Market street, east of Court alley, now occupied by the market house, and built a frame structure, fronting thirty-five feet on Market street and having a depth of forty- three feet. The contract was let to John L. and James Cochrarn, for one hundred and fifty dollars, and after its completion John L. Cochran was appointed Market Master, for which he was allowed fifty dollars per annum. He was also Town Marshal, with a compensation of one hundred and fifty dollars per annum.
AS might be inferred, this market house was a frail structure, for none other could be built for the price, and it proved to be too slight to bear up the snow that fell on the roof, as on the 24th of January, 1863, it came down with a crash, killing, maiming, wounding and bruising many. From the "Courier" of that date, we learn that Mrs. Mary A. Gary, wife of D. B. Gary, attorney, then in the army, Mrs. Nelson, of the Third ward, Mrs. Smith, of South Sixth street, Christian Riedel, a baker, on Market street, were killed ; and Mr. Achauer, David Edwards, John Stevens, Wm. Taylor, H. McCall, Mr. Stotts, John O'Harra, Thomas Durban, Policeman, Joe Johnson, Mrs. Carlow, George Miller and Mrs. Miller, were wounded and bruised ; Amos Risley, John Beck and twenty others were bruised and otherwise injured.
STONE MASONS.—In the fall of 1799, David Beam came to the new settlement. He built the stone chimney for John McIntire's log cabin. In December, 1801, he built the stone chimney for J. F. Monroe's log house, on the southeast corner of Second and Main streets.
Ebenezer Buckingham, Sr., arrived in the latter part of the year 1800. There is, however, no record of his early work.
Samuel Goff and family came in 1805. He was a brick and stone mason, and built chimneys.
In 1805, Jacob Houck was one of the masons and became noted as a skilled workman, and in 1809 worked upon the old State House.
Thomas Goff learned the trade with Jacob and worked at it in 1812-13, and his son, William, became a bricklayer, but became partly insane from a blow on the head. "Billy Goff was well known. Other masons of that period were Daniel Holton, Elijah H. Church and John P. Coulton. Mr. Church learned his trade with the latter. E. H. C.
Brick. First made in 1802, by James Herron, brother of David, the hatter. In the following year, he made another kiln of bricks, Mr. Brazilla Rice, a New Englander, superintending the making and burning, on the ground at the head of Main street—the same ground now being occupied by the won and blacksmith shop below 'Squire Herschy's residence. Afterwards, Mr. Brazilla Rice made several kiln of brick at the head of Marietta street.
Joseph Whitney burned brick in 1803, somewhere in the region now known as the seventh ward.
John Lee had a brick yard near North Underwood street ; he burned the brick used in the "old 1809 Court House."
Captain James S. Parkinson was an extensive brick manufacturer from about 1810, and later ; his kilns were on his farm, two and a half miles southeast of Zanesville, on the Marietta road.
MATCHES .—Perhaps no industry apparently so small has made such strides as this. It is within the memory of the living that half a century ago, fire was obtained by many by rubbing dry pieces of wood together, and but a few years later by the flint and steel. These began to be superseded by the lucifer match, imported from England about 1833.
In 1834, Wm. G. Thompson, of the firm of Hoge & Thompson, Zanesville, analyzed the material upon some lucifer matches that they had imported from England, and after some experimenting produced a match equally as good and began the manufacture of matches at No. 82 Market street, and in a short time gave employment to about twenty-five girls in dipping matches. These were put up in boxes containing one hundred and sold at twenty-five cents per package. Almost the first matches they made were sent to New York city, on an order, from which it may be inferred that no matches were made there. It is claimed that the first
86 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.
friction, or lucifer, matches produced in the United States were made in Zanesville.
MILLS. Data largely obtained by E. H. Church.] From Marietta records it appears that in 1798 a mill for making flour was erected on Wolf Creek, about one mile above the mouth, by Colonel Robert Oliver, Major Hatffield White and Captain John Dodge, and it is said this was the first mill building in Ohio. The second was begun soon after by Enoch Shepherd, Colonel Ebenezer Sproat and Thomas Stanley, and located on Duck Creek, but "the Indian war" and the floods of 1790 interrupted its operations.