—ZANESVILLE ACADEMY —THE M'INTIRE SCHOOL — SPECIAL SCHOOL LAW—THE FIRST BOARD OF EDUCATION—THE FIRST GRADED SCHOOL—THE GRADED SYSTEM COMPLETED—THE FIRST SUPERINTENDENT — THE OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT SUSPENDED— THE FIRST LADY PRINCIPAL—A SUPERINTENDENT APPOINTED—TEACHERS—SPECIAL TEACHERS— SUPERINTENDENT'S REPORT--1876, 77, '78, '79, '80 THE ATTENDANCE FOR THE LAST TEN YEARS--THE COST OF THE SCHOOLS FOR THE LAST TEN YEARS— REGULATIONS FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE SCHOOLS--THE BOUNDARIES OF DISTRICTS—TEACHERS FOR 1880-81-- ZANESVILLE HIGH SCHOOL—BOARDS OF SCHOOL DIRECTORS FROM 1838 TO 1881—PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS—ST. COLUMBIA'S ACADEMY—GERMAN LUTHERAN SCHOOL — ZANESVILLE BUSINESS

For data concerning the early schools, we are indebted to Mr. E. H. Church, whose zeal and fidelity in gleaning reminiscences of early times merit great praise. From his notes, we learn that the first school was in West Zanesville (now the Eighth ward), in the summer of 1800. At that time the largest part of the settlement was on that side of the river, and contained nearly all of the children of school age. The teacher was David Harris, and the school was located near the east end of Lee street, on the river bank. There were in all about twenty-five or thirty pupils in attendance. John Green and sister, James Cordry and brother, and one other, were all who belonged on the east side of the river. George M. Crooks and cousin, were all who attended from South Zanesville (Seventh Ward). Henry Crooks (father of George M.), had an Indian living with him who took his children over the Island to school and brought them home again. The children from the east side of the river waded the stream most of the time, and crossed in a boat when the water was up. The first school on the east side of the river was taught in a cabin on Second street, between Main street and Fountain alley—the property was afterwards owned by the Casgill's. The name of the teacher was Joseph Jennings ; the attendance was not large. James Cordry, brother and sister, attended this school in 1802. The next school was on Putnam Hill, in the spring of 1804, and was taught by Daniel Dimmick.

In 1805, Samuel Herrick, a young lawyer, came to Zanesville ; there were not more than thirty-five buildings in the town, and all cabins, except two or three hewed log houses, with shingle roofs and stone chimneys ; and not more than a hundred and twenty-five inhabitants. A school teacher was wanted, however, and Mr. Herrick, having but little business in his profession (there being two other lawyers, Wyllis Silliman and Lewis Cass, in town), accepted the position. The citizens erected a log school house on the lot now occupied by the Market street school building. It was a primitive structure, having only an earth floor, with one log cut out for a window ; over this opening was pasted greased white paper, which kept out the winds, and yet admitted the light. The benches were made of logs, split in two, with four legs. The desks were of common boards, fastened along the walls. In the center was the stump of a tree, which served as a "dunce block," where mischievous boys were placed as a punishment. This was the first public school building erected in Zanestown. John McIntire donated the lot to the town for school purposes. The school taught by Samuel Herrick in this building, was attended by Richard Stilwell, Eliza' Price, Harriet Conyers, Amelia McIntire, Hattie Taylor, Mary Vickers, James Cordry, Isaac Spangler, Margaret and William Thompson, David Spangler, Sarah and Jefferson Van Horne,and others. The information in regard to this school was obtained from Mrs. Charles B. Goddard and Mrs. John S. Cochran, a few years before their death. They were pupils in the first school, taught by Samuel Herrick.

Charles Roberts (youngest son of James Roberts), taught school in the old school house on Putnam Hill in 1808 ; he afterwards taught in Coshocton and, at a later period, again in Zanesville ; he was an honest and enterprising citizen and highly respected ; he was noted for sociability and the pleasure he took in entertaining friends. He died June 26, 1854, in the seventy- second year of his age. His father and mother died in Zanesville in 1813 or 1814.

In 1808, the citizens of Springfield raised money by subscription and built the large "Stone Academy" in the southeastern part of the town. A two-story house, with a hall and two large

rooms, located on a fine large lot. It was built for a State House, to induce the Legislature to come to Springfield, and in case of failure in this it was deemed suitable for an academy or church purposes.

A custom of early school teachers : They had a rule that, if a girl did any thing wrong, she might get any of the boys to go her bail—i. e., if she tailed to be perfectly good for a week or two, the boy was to be punished in her stead— just as the master ordered, and in case of punishment, one boy was made to hold the other while the master lammed him, and the girl never forfeited her bail.—[From memories of school days, by E. H. Church].

Mr. Church, when seven or eight years old, attended a school taught by a Mr. Black, in a log cabin, on the site now occupied by the Kirk' House ; and soon after, in 1811, a school taught by "old mother Goff," and remembered being struck by her while trying to learn his "A B Ab's !" This school house was on the corner of Spruce alley and Main street.

In 1808, or 1809, one Patterson, brother-in-law to Charles and John Roberts, taught school in the same room formerly used by Mr. Black. And in 1810, '11 and '12 Richard Kearns taught on the northeast corner of Sixth and North streets ; he died in 1813. Rev. William Jones, Presbyterian minister, taught in the old frame Court House in 1810-11 and taught some of the higher branches, including Latin and Greek.

In 1810, in the corner room of Frazey Tavern, on the corner of Sixth street and Locust alley, Jonathan Hobby, John W. Spry, and Mr. and Mrs. Colerick, established a " Seminary for Young Ladies."

In 1812, '13 and '14, Arthur Reed taught in a house on the corner of Fountain alley and Seventh street.

In 1817, David Hall, as appears by his advertisement in the Zanesville "Express," October 2, 1817, opened a school for young gentlemen and ladies. This school was in " a large and convenient room in the Academy in Putnam." Instructions in the various branches of English education. Price of tuition, three dollars per quarter ; application to be made to the subscriber at the Putnam hotel.

" September 4, 1817.—Education,—Stephen Devol (from Troy, New York,) has taken and fitted up a commodious room in Frazey's brick house, for the reception of youth and children of both sexes, in the several branches of literature common in an English school."—[Zanesville

"Schools.—Zanesville, 1818.—Jonathan Hobby respectfully informs the public that he has lately opened a school in Zanesville, in a commodious room in Mr. Frazey's large brick (situate a few rods south of the clerk's office), where due attention will be paid- to the education and instruction of all who may may be entrusted to his care.—[Zanesville "Express," March 7,

" Mrs. M. Colerick's Young Ladies' Seminary," in the brick building on the southwest corner of Market and Fourth streets. The terms of tuition are as follows :

"Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, Grammar, Geography, Tambour and Embroidery, Cotton Work, Fringe and Netting, Plain Sewing and Marking, $4 per quarter.

"Second Class—Orthography, Reading and Writing, Plain Sewing, Marking, Fringe and Netting, $3 per quarter.

" Small children (boys and girls) will form the Third Class for Orthography, Reading, etc., $2.50 per quarter.

"Parents and guardians may rest assured that every attention will be paid to their morals and manners.—[Zanesville " Express," October 28,

"SCHOOL.-A Card.—The subscriber, having taken the lower part of the brick house, in Putnam, belonging to Dr. C. Conant, respectfully informs the inhabitants of Zanesville and Putnam that he intends opening a Seminary, on Monday, the 7th inst., for improvement in Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, English Grammar, Geography, Mensuration, Guaging, Surveying, and Navigation, with the Mathematics generally, and the Classics, if required. The public may rest assured that the morals, as well as the intellectual improvement, of those confided to his charge shall receive his individual attention. (Here follows terms, ranging from $3 to $5. )—[Zanesville "Express," Nov. 3, 1819.] F. FOWLER."

John W. Spry, who was afterwards for many years County Auditor, taught a school in Frazey's brick house, on the corner of Locust alley and Sixth street, in 1819, and afterwards in 1823- 24, in the old Harvey tavern, on the corner of Third and Main streets.

"FEMALE EDUCATION.-Mr. and Mrs. Steinhauer, from Bethlebem, Pa., beg leave to inform their friends, and the public, that they intend to open a school for the instruction of young ladies, in Zanesville, towards the end of August, upon a similar plan with the justly celebrated establishment at Bethlehem, Pa.

"Mr. S., being a member of the church of the " Unitas Fratrum," (more generally known by the name of Moravians) is thoroughly acquainted with their approved mode of conducting their schools ; the more so, as he has himself been engaged for many years in teaching, in one of their most respectable academies, in England. Parents and guardians who are disposed to entrust Mr. and Mrs. Steinhauer with the important charge of educating their children, may rest assured that the strictest attention will be paid to their morals, and no efforts be wanting to insure their comfort, and to promote their advancement in every branch of their studies.

(The course of instruction, as usual, Jut specified. )—[Zanesville "Express, "July 30, 1819.]

"ZANESVILLE ACADEMY.—For the information of those who are unacquainted with the terms upon which scholars are received into this institution, it is deemed necessary by the Trustees to state that the price for tuition is Three Dollars per quarter, with an addition of fifty cents per scholar for contingent expenses, in said Academy ; no scholar will be received for a shorter term than three months. The school at present taught in the Academy, is under the conduct of Mr. William C. Pope, who is well qualified to instruct in the different branches usually taught in English Seminaries. His plan of instruction, which is perspicuous and rational, merits the approbation of his friends, and the public patronage.—[" Messenger," May

James Perry taught in a two story log house, on Market street, where Robinson's machine works now stand.

Rev. George Sedgwick taught a "Seminary for Young Ladies," in a house which stood on the river bank, below the lower bridge. This was from 1822 to 1824.

At the time the town of Zanesville was laid out, the proprietors, Jonathan Zane and John McIntire, set apart and appointed the west halves of lots fifteen and sixteen, in the tenth square, for the use of schools. In. 1818, after the death of John McIntire, Jonathan Zane, the surviving proprietor, executed a deed for these grounds to Daniel Conyers and others, authorizing them to enter upon, and take possession of the same for school purposes. Soon after this, Daniel Conyers, associating with himself about thirty others, organized a sort of joint stock company, for the purpose of erecting a school house on the ground thus secured by them. The number of shares, which was limited to fifty-three, at twenty-five dollars each, were all taken, and with the funds so raised, the first and second stories of the Old Market Street Academy were built. The third story was added by Amity Lodge, of the Masonic Fraternity, and used by them as a place of meeting. The building was completed, and the first school opened in it, in February, 1822. By the articles of association, each stockholder was entitled to send one pupil for each share of stock owned by him. The school was maintained under this organization for a number of years. During a portion of its history, two departments of learning were taught. The first teacher employed in this school, was Ezekiel Hildreth. William Pope, Jonathan Hobby, Allen Cadwallader and others, were his successors. After the public schools of the town began to assume an organized form, this building was rented for a number of years, for school purposes, by the Board of Education, and, in 1858, it was finally re-leased to the city by the survivors and representatives of the stockholders, and by Amity

THE MCINTIRE SCHOOL. John McIntire, as will be seen in his will, expressly declared that " the President and Directors of said company. (The Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company) are annually to appropriate all the profits, rents, and issues of my stock, as aforesaid, (see will), and all of my estate, of whatever kind the same may be, for the use and support of a "Poor School," which they are to establish in the town of Zanesville, for the use of the poor children of said town. The children who are to be the objects of this institution, are to be fixed upon by the President and Directors of said company. This bequest to be absolutely void, in case my daughter Amelia, before described, should leave an heir, or heirs, of her body."

Amelia McIntire died without issue, and, consequently, the income of the estate accrued to the town of Zanesville, for the purpose named by the testator.

The "McIntire Academy," as it was known, was built by the executors under the foregoing will, and was first occupied for school purposes about 1836. The first Principal of this school, was John M. Howe, who had, for sometime previously, conducted a private seminary in a building on the corner of North and Seventh streets, known as Howe's "Seminary." He was assisted by A. E. Howe and George Miller, and subsequently, by Thomas H. Patrick. Mr. Howe remained as Principal of this school some ten or twelve years. The school was one of high order ; Latin and Greek, and other branches of higher education, being taught in it. The highest, or classical department, was taught by Mr. Howe in person, the lower departments, by his assistants.

Mr. Howe was succeeded by Mr. Theodore D. Martindale, who was assisted by Mr. T. H. Patrick and two female assistants. Mr. Martindale was succeeded by Mr. Joseph Davidson, who was assisted by about the same corps of teachers.

Mr. Davidson was succeeded by Mr. T. H. Patrick, who remained as Principal of the school until 1856, when the graded school system having been fully organized, it was thought by the McIntire executors, as well as others interested, that the purposes of the testator would best be carried out by placing the school under the control of the Board of Education, and causing it to be merged in the general graded system of the city. Accordingly, an arrangement was made between the McIntire Trustees and the Board of Education that "the school house was to be put in thorough repair, and furnished with furniture similar to that in the other school buildings of the city. The school to be organized and conducted under the rules and regulations adopted by the Board of Education, and to be under the control of the Superintendent of the City Schools.

"The expenses of repairs, furniture, salaries of teachers, together with all incidentals necessary to the conduct of the school, to be paid by the McIntire Trustees ; the McIntire Trustees reserving to themselves the right of visitorial supervision."

Prior to the first of April, 1839, the Public Schools of Zanesville were conducted under the general school laws of the State, and were of the same ungraded character as the schools of the rural districts.

The general State school law (that passed March 7, 1838,) was not considered adapted to the wants of the town in the expenditure of funds for school purposes, especially so in consequence of the existence of the McIntire school fund, which rendered the situation of Zanesville, in that regard, peculiar.

On the 29th day of December, 1838, a meeting was held in what is known as the Senate Chamber, pursuant to a notice from the School Directors of Zanesville district, (Ezekiel T. Cox, Uriah Parke and Henry Eastman), a committee was appointed to draft a bill adapted to the educational wants and interests of the town of Zanesville ; while another committee was appointed to circulate petitions to the Legislature, for the "Support and Better Regulation of the Schools of the Town of Zanesville," of which law the following are among the provisions :

SECTION I. * * It shall be the duty of the Town Council of the town of Zanesville, on or before the first of April next, to hold an election, at the Court House, in said town, for the election by ballot of six School Directors for said town, to serve as follows : Two to serve until the third Tuesday in September, 1839 ; two to serve until the third Tuesday in September, 1840 ; and two to serve until the third Tuesday in September, 1841 ; and annually afterwards, on the third Tuesday in ,September, two directors, as aforesaid, shall be elected to serve for the period of three years, and until their successors are elected and qualified. All vacancies by death, resignation, or otherwise, to be filled by appointment of the Council * * until the next election.

Provided, that none but free-holders, householders and heads of families shall vote.

"SEC. 3. It shall be the duty of said Board, on or before the first day of May next, to determine the location of a site, or sites, for a school house, or school houses, having in view the possibility of purchase on reasonable terms, and they shall determine the number and description of buildings necessary for school purposes in said town, and report the same in writing to the Council.

"SEC. 4. That thereupon it shall be the duty of said Council, at the expense of said town, to purchase said site, or sites, and cause to be erected thereon, under the supervision of said Board, such school building, or school buildings, as may be described in said report. * * *

"SEC. 6. Provided that, as soon as the necessary buildings were erected, it should be the duty of the Board of Education to employ teach- ers, make rules and regulations for the schools, and to keep the schools in constant operation, except during reasonable vacations, to be by them established—and, when the public money was insufficient, to supply the deficiency by a tax levied upon the parents and guardians of pupils attending, in proportion to the time of their attendance, and to exempt from such tax such parents or gurdians as, in the opinion of the Board, were unable to pay it, and were not entitled to send to the McIntire School.

"SEC. 7, Made it the duty of the. Board of Education to report annually to the Town Council the receipts and expenditures of all moneys coming into their hands for school purposes.

SEC. 9, Made it the duty of the Board of Education to make a yearly estimate of the probable expense of repairs, for fuel and furniture, and the Council to provide for the same by a tax levied for that purpose.

SEC. 11, Made it the duty of the Council to appoint three suitable persons to act as a Board of School Examiners, whose duty it was to examine applicants for teachers' positions, to examine the schools, and to report semi-annually to the Council."

On the first day of April, 1839, an election was held at the Court House, and the following named gentlemen were elected as members of the first Board of Education, under the foregoing law :

This Board organized April 6th, by electing Richard Stillwell President, John A. Turner, Secretary and Charles G. Wilson, Treasurer.

The first Board of Examiners appointed by the Council consisted of Rev. James Culbertson, Rev. William A. Smallwood and Wyllys Buell.

During the same year, (1839), the Board of Education selected sites for the school buildings, but put the schools in operation in rented buildings, as follows :

First floor of old Academy, on Market street. Room in basement of Market street Baptist Church.

In September of this year, Messrs. Reed and Manypenny were re-elected as members of the

Board of Education recommended to the Council the erection of a school house in the northwest part of the old graveyard, and submitted plans and specifications for the same. The Council adopted the recommendation of the Board, and immediately advertised for bids for the erection of the building. On the 12th of March, 1840, the contract was awarded to James Ramage, at $3,750.

On the 28th day of March, 1840, the Council rented again all the rooms previously occupied by the schools, except Mr. J. Barton's, and rented three additional rooms, namely : One of Colonel John Hall, one of Mr. Stratton, and another in the basement of the Market Street Baptist Church.

In July, 1840, Allen Cadwallader resigned, and Uriah Parke was appointed a member of the Board of Education in his stead. In September of the same year, Uriah Parke and C. G. Wilson were re-elected, and H. J. Cox appointed in place of Dr. Turner, deceased. October, 1840, Rev. Amos Bartholomew was appointed Examiner, vice Buell. On the 6th day of November, 1840, the new school house on the hill being ready for occupation, the following rented rooms were vacated, and the schools transferred t0 the new building : John Hall's Old Methodist Church, two rooms in the basement of the Market Street Baptist Church, and Mr. Stratton's. Mrs. Barton's room had been previously vacated, and the school transferred to Nathaniel Wilson's room, corner of Fifth and South streets. On the 27th of November, 1841, Richard Stillwell resigned, and Jesse Keene was appointed a member of the Board of Education in bis stead. On the 9th day of December, 1841, the Council purchased of John Howe the building on the corner of Seventh and North streets, known as "Howe's Seminary," together with the lease of the grounds upon which it was located, for the sum of $1,500. This building was repaired and improved, and ready for occupation on the first of April, 1842. With the occupation of this building, begins the history of the graded school system of Zanesville.

In September, 1842, the following system of organization was adopted and went into immediate operation :

1. "The Zanesville public schools shall be divided into the Male Seminary, and the Female Seminary. [The former to occupy the new school house on the hill, and the latter, the "Howe Seminary," on Seventh street.]

2. "Each division shall be divided into a Junior and Senior department. In the Junior department, shall be taught Spelling, Reading, and the elements of Arithmetic and Geography, and the scholars shall be allowed to attend lessons in Singing and Writing. All the higher branches studied shall be taught in the Senior departments, with such continuation of the studies pursued in the Junior departments as may be necessary.

3. "Theres hall be a principal in each department, who shall have such assistants as may be necessary. There shall also be a teacher of writing and vocal music.

4. "The teacher of Writing and Music shall occupy the room at each building appropriated to his use, and the scholars shall attend his instruction in such classes, and under such arrangements as he, with the sanction of the Board of Education, shall think proper. His services shall be divided between the Seminaries, as their wants may require.

5. "The Principal of the Senior Department of the Male Seminary, shall be General Superintendent of that school, and as such shall receive all applicants and assign them to their proper departments ; and whenever the departments are brought together for an examination, or for other purposes, he shall have the direction, and shall decide all questions of general arrangement. He shall exercise a general supervision, and see that the rules of the school are duly enforced, and neatness and good order observed throughout. Any one feeling aggrieved by his action, may appeal to the Directors.

6. "The teacher of Writing and Music shall be General Superintendent of the Female School, and as such shall discharge all the duties pertaining to the Superintendent of the Seminary. He shall reside in the building, and protect it and the premises from injury.

7. "There shall be a Curator of the Male Seminary, who shall reside in the building and have charge of it, for the purpose of protection. He shall also have charge of the Cabinet and apparatus, under regulations to be hereafter defined."

Fifteen other sections follow, defining more minutely the duties of teachers, officers, and pupils ; but the foregoing are deemed sufficient to indicate the character of the system organized at the time. The school year consisted of four quarters, of twelve weeks each. The income from taxation, under the general and special school laws then in force, not being sufficient to maintain the schools, tuition at the rate of one dollar per quarter in the Junior departments, and one dollar and a half in the Senior departments, was charged for each pupil residing within the borough, and not entitled to attend the McIntire School. Pupils entitled to attend the McIntire School, or residing without the borough, were charged three dollars per quarter in Junior departments, and four dollars in Senior. departments. The Board of Education, to whom this organization of the schools is due, consisted of Messrs. Charles G. Wilson, Uriah Parke, Horatio J. Cox, Hugh Reed, George W. Manypenny, and Jesse Keene.

The testimony of the Board of Education, upon his retirement therefrom some years subsequently, to the efficiency of Mr. Parke's services, would indicate that, in the judgment of his associates, much of the credit of the efficiency of the school system was due to him. He is still remembered in this community, for his earnest devotion to the cause of popular education.

The Board of Examiners at this time (September, 1842), consisted of Rev. James Culbertson, Rev. W. A. Smallwood, and Dr. Thomas M. Drake—Dr. Drake having been appointed in July, of this year, in place of Rev. Amos. Bartholomew.

On the 20th of September, 1842, Mark Lowdan and Adam Peters were elected members of the Board of Education, in place of Messrs. Reed and Manypenny, and on the 26th, Colonel John W. Foster was appointed, in place of Jesse Keene.

In April, 1843, E. E. Fillmore was appointed a member of the Board of Education, in place of John W. Foster, resigned, and in September of the same year was elected to the same office.

On the 7th of April, 1845, the residence of Uriah Parke, then Secretary of the Board of Education, was destroyed by fire, and with it all the records and papers belonging to the Board. The foregoing facts are gathered from the minutes of the Town Council, and from a brief abstract of the history of the schools, prepared from memory by Mr. Parke, and recorded in June, 1845, in the records of the Board.

In June, 1845, the following corps of teachers was in the employ of the Board, at the salaries named :

George W. Batchelder, Principal of Male Seminary, salary $600 per annum ; Samuel C. Mendenhall, Assistant, Senior Department, salary $240 ; N. A. Gray, Principal of Junior Department, salary $350 ; James H. Thompson, Asssistant, Junior Department, salary $240; William D. Chase, Second-Assistant, Junior Department, salary $150 ; Jesse P. Hatch, Principal of Female seminary, and teacher of Writing and Music in both schools, salary $400'; Miss Adaline Parker, Principal, Senior Department, salary $300 ; Miss Isabel Cary, Assistant, Senior Department, salary $175 ; Miss J. Williams, Principal, Junior Department, salary $260 ; Miss Amanda Charlott, Assistant, Junior Department, salary $96 ; Miss Martha Hatch, Second-Assistant, Junior Department, salary $96.

N. A. Gray resided in the Male Seminary building, and J. P. Hatch in the Female Seminary building, rent and fuel free.

The number of pupils enrolled, and in attendance, in June, 1845, Was as follows :

On the 6th of September, 1845, Gottlieb Nattinger and Leonard P Bailey were elected members of the Board of Education, in place of Adam Peters and Mark Lowdan.

Subsequent changes in the Board of Education are given in the roll of the Board, appended to this sketch.

In July, 1847, Mr. Batchelder resigned his position as Principal of the Male Seminary, and Mr. Mendenhall, that of First Assistant in the same. On accepting the resignation 0f these gentlemen, the Board of Education bore hearty and unanimous testimony of their efficiency and success as teachers, and added emphasis to that testimony by their subsequent re-employment in the schools.

Mr. Orlando L. Castle was elected to succeed Mr. Batchelder, and Mr. William D. Urquhart to succeed Mr. Mendenhall. In October, 1847, Mr. Urquhart was succeeded by Mr. William A. Castle.

In April, 1848, Mr. Hatch resigned his position as Principal of the Female Seminary and teacher of writing and singing. As a temporary arrangement, Miss Adaline Parker was made Principal of the Female Seminary, and Mr. 0. L. Castle took charge, 0f tbe writing and singing in the Male Seminary. In July, 1848. Mr. N. A. Gray resigned his position in the Male Seminary, and Mr. S. C. Mendenhall was elected to fill his place. Mr. L. P. Marsh, then of Delaware, Ohio, was elected teacher of writing and singing, and entered upon the discharge of his duties January 3, 1849. His salary was at the rate of $400 per annum. In February, 1849, Mr. J. H. Thompson, then assistant teacher in the Male Seminary, was made Principal of the Female Seminary, at a salary of $50o per annum, with dwelling and fuel free.

In April, 1849, the length of the school year was fixed at four quarters, of eleven weeks each.

On the 26th of March, 1850, Mr. 0. L. Castle, Principal of the Male Seminary, resigned, and Mr. Marsh was made Acting Principal till June, 1850, when Mr. George W. Batchelder was elected to that position, at a salary of $800 per annum.

In September, 1850, the corps of teachers consisted of Mr. Batchelder, as Principal of the Male Seminary, with four assistant teachers. Mr. Thompson, was Principal of the Female Seminary, with four assistant teachers, and Mr. Marsh as teacher of writing and singing in both schools. The average enrollment of pupils, at this time, was about five hundred.

In October, 1850, Mr. Marsh resigned, and Captain Hatch was again employed as teacher of writing and singing.

N0 important change was made in the organization of the schools till February, 1852, when Mr. Batchelder was made Superintendent of all the schools. His salary was fixed at $1,000, and he was assisted by twelve subordinate teachers.

In May, 1852, the Female Seminary was destroyed by fire and its schools transferred to the basement of the Seventh street M. E. Church and the Market Street Academy.

In June of this year, the Board of Education took action looking to the provision of additional and more suitable accommodations for the schools. A committee was app0inted to select sites for four ward schools and a high school.

In April 1853, the lots on which were built the Third and Fourth Ward buildings were selected, and Mr. Batchelder was sent to Cleveland, Sandusky and Columbus to inspect the school buildings of those cities, with a view 'to advising the Board in their adoption of plans, and application was made to the Council for funds to purchase the lots selected, to erect two ward schools, and to make alterations and repairs on the High School building, so as to fit it for the use of a High School. The Council promptly responded to this call, authorized the issue of twenty-five thousand dollars of school bonds for the use of the Board, and advertised for bids for the erection of two ward buildings. In July, 1853, the contract for the erection of the Third and Fourth Ward buildings was awarded to Jonathan Swank, at $7,645 for each building, exclusive of the stone work. Mr. John M. James was employed to superintend the erection of the buildings.

In the spring of 1853, the first school for the education of colored children was established. Under the laws in force at that time, this school was controlled by a separate board of directors, elected by colored people, and sustained by taxes levied upon property of colored citizens.

In October, 1854, Mr. Batchelder resigned his office of Superintendent. Very much credit is due Mr. Batchelder for his labors in behalf of the better organization of 0ur public schools. He earnestly advocated before the Board of Education and before the City Council, the advantages of the graded system over that of the mixed schools, as they then existed, and gave impetus and direction to the preliminary efforts that were made to build up in our city a system of public instruction that should be creditable in its character and remunerative in its results.

THE GRADED SYSTEM COMPLETED.—In April, 1855, the new school buildings were completed, and the organization of the graded system began to assume tangible shape. Mr. Almon Samson had been elected Superintendent, and Mr. Charles W. Chandler, Principal of the High School.

The High School Department, embracing three courses of study, of two years, four years and five years respectively.

During the school year, ending July 3d, 1857, there were sustained by the Board: One high school, two senior schools, five secondary schools, ten primary schools, one unclassified school, and one colored school. The whole number of teachers was thirty-one.

The enumeration of white youth, of school age, in this year, was 2,857, of whom 289 were under six years of age—leaving 2,568 entitled to attend the public schools. The whole number of pupils enrolled in the white schools was 1,500, leaving 1,068 entitled to admission who did not enter school all.

The average enrollment and attendance in the several departments were as follows :

	Enrollment.	Attendance.
In High School	78	75
Senior	85	83
Secondary	265	252
Primary	612	585

In his report to the citizens of Zanesville, at the close of this school year, ( July, 1857), Mr. Bigelow, then President of the Board of Education, says : "We, (the Board), have endeavored to secure the most competent teachers in every department ; adopted the most approved methods of teaching : provided the necessary appliances, and sought, by a rigid conformity to the regulations, to make the internal working of the schools in every way successful."

M. D. LEGGETT, SUPERINTENDENT.—At the close of this school year, ( July, 1857), Mr. Samson resigned his position as Superintendent, having filled that office a little over two years, and having, with the co-operation of the Board of Education, fully established the graded system of schools, and witnessed its entrance upon a career of popularity and usefulness. Mr. M. D. Leggett was elected to succeed Mr. Samson, at a salary of $1,200 per annum. In his first report to the Board, made August 3, 1858, Mr. Leggett thus justly compliments the work of his predecessor : "In taking charge of the schools at the beginning of the last school year, I found a classification of scholars, and a course of study, which, in their adaptation to the wants of children,

their simplicity, their system, and thoroughness, could hardly be equaled by any other system of schools with which I was acquainted. This classification of courses of study is constantly becoming more and more popular with the patrons of the schools. * * *

I think there are in the city very few patrons of our schools who would be willing to have any material alteration made, either in the course of study or classification."

Mr. Leggett remained in charge of the schools till January, 1862, when he resigned his office to accept the appointment of Colonel of the 78h Regiment, 0. V. I.

The condition of the schools at the close of the year 1859-60, is indicated by the following statistics, taken from Superintendent Leggett's an- nual report for that year :

In addition to the above, two night schools were sustained from the first of November to the first of March, in which were employed four teachers, two male and two female.

The following is the table of enrollment and attendance in the several departments :

Superintendent Leggett's resignation was accepted January 7, 1862, and Mr. C. W. Chandler, Principal of the High School, was elected to superintend the educational department, at a salary of $1,000, and Mr. A. Fletcher, President of the Board, was employed as financial agent ; salary, $300. This arrangement was continued through the next school year, but the exigencies of the times having made it the duty of the Board of Education to exercise the strictest economy, a reduction of the salaries of superintendent, principals and teachers was made, of from ten to twenty per cent.

As a further measure of economy, at the close of this school year, the office of Superintendent was suspended.

During the period through which this suspension of the office of Superintendent was continued, no very full statistics of the schools were kept. From the report of the President of the Board, made in August, 1865, the following facts, relating to the condition of the schools for that year, are derived :

There were employed seven male and twenty-eight female teachers. The arrangement with the McIntire trustees, by which they paid all expenses of the McIntire school, had now continued for nine years, and a new arrangement was entered into with them, under a contract authorized by a special act of the Legislature. This act enabled the McIntire trustees to contract with the Board of Education for the tuition of the " poor children " who would be entitled to the benefit of the McIntire fund under the will of Mr. McIntire, and to pay to the Board of Education such sum from the income of that estate as in their judgment might be right and proper as an equivalent for such tuition. Under this contract, the Board has annually received from the McIntire trustees the sum of $8,000, and in addition to that, from $500 to $800 per year to furnish books and clothing to destitute children.

At the close of the school year, in June, 1865, Mr. C. W. Chandler, who had been Principal of the High School since its establishment, in 1855, with the exception of one year in which he filled the office of Superintendent, resigned his position, and Mr. A'. T. Wiles, who had been, for the three years previous, Principal of the schools of the Second District, was elected to that position, at a salary of $1,000 per annum.

THE. FIRST LADY PRINCIPAL.—The Principalship of the Third District, made vacant in June, 1865, by the promotion of Mr. Wiles to the Principalship of the High School, was filled by the election of Miss Maria Parsons, who had been for several years teacher of the senior school in that district. This was the first instance in the history of the Zanesville schools in which a lady was placed in the responsible position of Principal, and the innovation was regarded by many earnest friends of the public schools with serious distrust. At the close of the school year, however, the Board of Education was so well satisfied with the result of its experiment that they applied the same policy to the other two districts.

A. J. WILES, SUPERINTENDENT.—No further change was made in the organization or management of the schools until the close of the years 1869-70, when the office of Superintendent of. Instruction was restored, and Mr. A. T. Wiles, who had served five years as Principal of the High School, was elected to that office, at a salary of $1,500 per annum, and Miss Margaret Stultz, who had served for five years as assistant in the High School, was made Principal of the same, at a salary of $1,000 per annum.

At the beginning of the school year, 1869-70, the new school building on Marietta street, known as the "Stemler" building, was completed and ready for occupation by the schools. Later in the year, the Council purchased the Presbyterian Mission Sunday School building,on Monroe street, and the Board opened in it a secondary school.

The schools were all now accommodated in buildings owned by the city, except the three schools in the rooms rented of the Masonic Hall Association.

In the summer of 1870, School District No. 9, of Springfield township, including the un-incorporated village known as South Zanesville, was annexed to the city. The Board of Education assumed control of the two schools of that district, and attached them, for the time being, to the Third District of the city schools. In November of this year, the village of West Zanesville was annexed to the city, adding four more schools to the number already under control of the Board. The teachers formerly in charge of these schools were all re-empl0yed by the city Board of Education, and their salaries adjusted to the schedule in force in the other city schools. The schools of the Seventh and Eighth wards were constituted the Fourth District, and placed under the Principalship of Mr. David Harris, who had been for many years teacher and Principal of the West Zanesville schools.

In 1871, Orlando C. Marsh was First Assistant of the High School, and Principal of the same in 1871-72.

In May, 1872, the incorporated village of Putnam was annexed to the city, constituting the Ninth ward. The Board of Education assumed only a nominal control of the schools of this ward until the close of the school year, deeming it best for their interest to make, no attempt at that time to adjust, them to the system of the other schools. By this annexation, seven schools were added to the city school system. By the three annexations just named, the area of the city,and its population, were increased ab0ut one- third, and the number of schools and teachers in about the same ratio--the number of teachers prior to these annexations being forty-five, and immediately subsequent thereto, sixty.

During the year 1873, the City Council—at the request of the Board of Education—erected a commodious and substantial brick school house, containing six rooms, in the Sixth ward, one in the Seventh ward, containing four school rooms, and an addition to the Eighth ward school building, containing two school rooms. The cost of these three improvements, with the grounds upon which they were placed, was about $30,000.

THE SCHOOL FUNDS.—Prior to 1839, the public schools of Zanesville were operated under the general school laws of the State. The first general school law was enacted by the General Assembly of 1824-25. It provided for the election of three directors for each school district, and for a levy for school purposes of one-half a mill on the dollar of taxable property. This law was amended in 1829 so as to authorize County Commissioners to levy a school tax of three-fourths of a mill. In 1836, the County Commissioners were authorized to levy one and a half mills, and in 1838 two mills. In 1839, the County Commissioners *ere authorized to reduce the school levy to one mill.

The special law for "The support and better regulation of the schools of the town of Zanesville," passed in 1839, made no provision for a levy by the Board of 'Education of a tax for school purposes, but provided that the Town Council should, upon requisition by the Board of Education, appropriate annually a sufficient amount of funds to defray the contingent expenses of the schools, for rent, fuel, repairs, &c. The tuition fund was still raised under the provisions of the general law.

The funds so obtained were not sufficient to meet the requirements of the schools, and the deficiency was made up by tuition fees, varying in amount in different years.

There were, at this time, two school districts in Zanesville township, outside the corporate limits of the town, that shared equally with the borough in the funds arising from taxation. 'In 1848, the Board of Education of the town secured an amendment to the law, whereby the taxable property of the borough was made returnable separate and apart from that in the township, outside the borough.

In 1849, a law was enacted by the general Assembly for the "Support and better regulation of public schools in cities and towns," the twelfth section of which authorized Boards of Education to determine the amount of tax to be levied for all school purposes, except the purchase of sites and the erection of buildings, provided that such tax should not exceed four mills upon the' dollar of taxable property.

In 1851, this section was, by special act, made applicable to the city of Zanesville. This last enactment relieved the City Council of the duty of providing for the contingent expenses of the schools, leaving with that body only the duty of purchasing sites and erecting buildings. Under the special law of 1839, modified by the several amendments named above, the schools of Zanesvlle were conducted until the enactment of the present general school law.

Besides the amendments directly affecting the law under which the schools of Zanesville were conducted, it was further modified by provisions

contained in the City Charter, and subsequently by those of the municipal code, as well as by amendments of the general school law of the State. These acts and amendments were so conflicting and contradictory, and so inconsistent with the original Zanesville school law of 1839, that it became a very difficult matter to determine what were the legal rights and duties of the Board of Education, and to what extent the powers of the City Council extended to the educational department of the city, and led to much embarrassment in the relations of these two bodies. These embarrassments have been removed by the provisions of the general school law of 1873, which vests the title of all property formerly held by the City Council for school purposes, in the Board of Education, and authorizes the Board of Education to provide for tuitional and contingent expenses by the levy of a tax not exceeding seven mills on the dollar of taxable property, and, if necessary, to borrow money upon bonds for the purchase of sites and the erection of buildings.

In addition to the funds arising from taxation, the Board of Education received from the Trustees of the McIntire estate, from 1856 to 1865, a sum sufficient to pay the expenses of the schools taught in the McIntire building, since which time they have received annually, from the same source, the sum of eight thousand dollars, up to the close of the school year, July 1st, 1880. And the administrators have contributed funds for clothing, etc., for the indigent children, amounting to from five hundred to eight hundred dollars per annum. The last contribution for this purpose, for 1880, amounted to twelve hundred dollars.

Corner Main and Ninth streets-Mary C. Moorehead, Assistant ; Rose A. Kerner, Assistant ; Z. M. Chandler, Teacher Commercial Department.

Fourth Ward Building, Centre street, between Seventh and Underwood-Senior School No. 1, Miss Roberta M. Hoge, teacher ; Secondary No. 1, Mary J. Greaves, teacher ; Secondary No. 2, Clara Rishtine, teacher ; Secondary No. 8, Florence 0. Baldwin; teacher ; Primary No'. 1, Florence J. Cole, teacher ; Primary No. 2, Eliza J. Harris, teacher.

Sixth Ward Building, Monroe street-Secondary School No. 12, Miss Florence McDill, teacher ; Primary No. 3, P. R. Stultz, teacher ; Primary No. 9, Elizabeth Griffiths, teacher ; Primary No. 12, Ella Nutt, teacher ; Primary No. 23, Sarah Throckmorton, teacher.

Rural Building, Adamsville Road-Secondary School No. 10, Miss Lizzie H. Johns, teacher ; Primary No. 7, Hattie B. Johns, teacher.

Dymond Building, Underwood street-German-English School No. 4, Christine Arend, teacher.

Third Ward Building, corner of Seventh and Harvey streets.-Senior School No. 2, Miss Helen Printz, teacher ; Secondary No. 3, Mary McMulkin, teacher ; Secondary No. 4, Mrs. Leila C. Gibbs, teacher ; Secondary No. 9, Miss Amanda A. Hilliard, teacher ; Primary No. 4, Eidith E. Hahn, teacher ; Primary No. 5, Mary C. Shinnick, teacher.

Stemler Building, head of Marietta street.- Primary School No. 6, Miss Sophronia L. Stevens, teacher ; Primary No. 13, Maggie Green, teacher ; Primary, No. 15, Ella C. Atkinson, teacher.

Colored School Building, South Ninth street. -Colored School, No. i, Mr. M. N. Brown, teacher ;

McIntire Building, Corner of Fifth and North streets.-Senior School No. 3, Miss Lillie E. Shinnick, teacher ; Secondary No. 6, Hattie W. Guille, teacher ; Secondary No. 5, Mary J. Hilliard, teacher ; Secondary No. 7, Maggie M. Parsons, teacher ; Secondary No. 11 11 , Annie Dutro, teacher.

Masonic Building, corner of Fourth and Market streets.-Primary School No. 8, Miss Lizzie McFadden, teacher ; Primary No. 10, Mary Parsons, teacher ; Primary No. ft, Alice V. Drone, teacher ; German and English School No. i, Mr. J. J. Bodner, teacher ; German and English School No. 2, Miss Lucretia J. Stultz, teacher ; German and English School No. 3, La= viva Printz, teacher.

Moore Building.-Senior No. 4, and Sec. 4, Miss Frank C. Thompson, teacher ; Secondary Sec. 15, Hannah M. Parsons, teacher ; Secondary Sec. 6, Anna Gilded, teacher ; Primary Sec. 17, Lizzie Fenstemaker, teacher ; Primary Sec. 18, Kate Buchanan, teacher ; Primary Sec. 24, Emma T. Gurley, teacher.

Seventh Ward Building.--Secondary School No: 3, Miss Sue M. Allen, teacher : Secondary No. 19, Miss Charlotte W. Launder, teacher ;

Madison street Building, between Putnam and Moxahala avenue.-Senior School No. 5, Miss S. A. Wilson, teacher ; Secondary, No. 17, Miss Mary Nesbaum, teacher ; Secondary No. 18, Miss Mary N. White, teacher ; Primary No. 20, Miss Julia Brelsford, teacher.

Woodlawn Avenue Building-Primary School No. 21 , Miss Augusta Ely, teacher ; Primary No. 22, Miss Kate S. Wiles, teacher.

Colored School Building, Cooper Mill road.-- Colored School No. 3, Mr. James A. Guy, teacher.

Special Teachers.-Music, Elizabeth Stultz, Lizzie Roper ; Penmanship, Jacob Schwartz.

Corner Main and Ninth streets.-Z. M. Chandler, assistant ; Mary C. Moorehead, assistant ; Rose A. Kerner, assistant.

Fourth Ward Building, Centre street, between Seventh and Underwood.-Senior School, No. 1, Miss Clara Rishtine, teacher ; Secondary. No. 1, Lucretia J. Stultz, teacher ; Secondary, No. 2, Florence A. McDill, teacher ; Primary, No. 1, Alice Searle, teacher ; Primary No. 2, Florence J. Cole, teacher ; Primary No. 3, Eliza J. Harris, teacher.

Sixth Ward Building, Monroe street.-Secondary School No. 3, Miss Mary J. Hilliard, teacher ; Primary No. 4, Philena R. Stultz, teacher ; Primary No. 5, Elizabeth Griffiths, teacher ; Primary No. 6, Ella Nutt, teacher.

Rural Building, Adamsville road.-Secondary School No. 4, Miss Lizzie H. Johns, teacher ; Primary, No. 7, Hattie B. Johns, teacher.

Third Ward Building, corner of Seventh and Harvey streets-Senior School, No. 2, Miss Helen Printz, teacher ; Secondary, No. 5, Miss Hattie W. Guille, teacher ; Secondary, No. 6, Miss Amanda Hilliard, teacher : Primary, No. 8, Miss Edith E. Hahn, teacher ; Primary, No. 9, Miss Mary C. Shinnick, teacher.

Stemler Building, head of Marietta street- Primary, No. 10, Miss Sarah Throckmorton, teacher ; Primary, No. 11 1, Miss Charlotte Cline, teacher ; Primary, No. 12, Miss Ella C. Atkinson, teacher.

Colored School Building, South Ninth street- Colored School, No. 1, Mr. M. N. Brown, teacher ; No. 2, Miss Minnie A. Self, teacher.

McIntire Building, corner of Fifth and North streets-Senior School, No. 3, Miss Lillie E. Shinnick, teacher ; Secondary, No. 7, Miss Anna Dutro, teacher ; Secondary, No. 8, Miss Alice V. Drone, teacher ; Primary, No. 3, Miss Lizzie McFadden, teacher ; Primary, No. 4, Miss Belle Brooks, teacher.

Masonic Building, corner of Fourth and Market streets-Primary School, No. 15, Miss Mary Parsons, teacher. German and English School, No. 1, Mr. J. J. Bodner, teacher ; No. 2, Miss Edith Geiger, teacher ; No. 3, Mrs. Emma Artz man, teacher ; No. 4, Mrs. Christine Arend, teacher.

Moore Building-Senior School, No. 4, Miss Sarah Wilson, teacher ; Secondary, No. 9, Miss Hannah M. Parsons, teacher ; Secondary, No. 10, Miss Anna Gildea, teacher ; Primary, No. 6, Miss Barbette Bailey, teacher ; Primary, ,,No. 17, Miss Kate Buchanan, teacher ; Primary, No. 18, Miss Emma T. Gurley, teacher.

Seventh Ward Building-Secondary School, No. 1I, Miss Sue M. Allen, teacher ; Secondary, No. 12, Miss Charlotte W. Launder, teacher ; Primary, No. 20, Miss Lizzie Patrick, teacher ; Primary, No. 21, Miss Mary A. Gallogly, teacher.

Madison Street Building, between Putnam and Moxahala avenues -Senior School, No. 5, Miss Mary McMulkin, teacher ; Secondary, No. 13, Miss Mary Nesbaum, teacher ; Secondary, No. 4, Mrs. Letitia Howard, teacher ; Primary, No. 22, Miss Julia E. Brelsford, teacher.

Woodlawn Avenue Building-Primary School, No. 23, Miss Kate Thomas, teacher ; Primary, No. 24, Miss Lizzie Roper, teacher.

Colored School Building, Cooper Mill Road- Colored School, No. 3, Mr. James A. Guy, teacher.

SPECIAL TEACHERS--Teacher of Penmanship, Jacob Schwartz ; Teacher of Drawing, Miss Gertrude L. Stone.

The Superintendent, A. T. Wiles, in his Annual Report for the School Year ending August 31st, 1876, sets forth the following :

In addition to the above, there was received from the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company, $i,000.00, which was expended in the purchase of books and clothing for indigent pupils.

To ascertain what our Public Schools actually cost the citizens of Zanesville, it is necessary to note the following facts

2d. That there was received from the State Common School Fund, including the Irreducible School Fund, the sum of $9,095.56, while there was paid by the city, into the State Common School Fund, $7,406.44, leaving a balance of $1,689.12 received by the city more than was paid.

3d. That there was received from tuition fees of non-resident pupils, the sum of $635, which, as the instruction of these pupils enters into the cost of the schools as given in the above statement, should be taken as an abatement of that cost.

4th. That there was received from rent of the dwelling on the Madison Street School lot, the sum of $70.

These sums amount, in the aggregate, to $10,394.12, which, deducted from the $51,666.40, leaves $41,272.28, as the actual amount paid by the citizens of Zanesville, for school purposes, during the year covered by this report.

It should be noted, also, that there was erected and paid for, during the year, a new schoolhouse in the Eighth ward, costing $5,785.18. If this amount, also, be deducted, there remains the sum of $35,487.10, as the amount actually paid for the ordinary running expenses of the schools for the year.

In September, 1873, the census of the city was taken by order of the City Council, showing the population to be as follows :

	Enrolled.	Belonging.	Attending.
In the High School	41	32	30
In the Senior Schools (exclusive of Principals)	43	37	34
In the Secondary and Primary Schools	51	40	37
In the German-English Schools	51	42	39
In the Colored School	51	36	32
In all the Schools	50	39	36

Cost of tuition (exclusive of supervision and special teachers) on the whole number enrolled was as follows :

The entire cost of the schools for the year covered by this report (exclusive of the cost of the new building in the Eighth ward), was $1,877.18 less than the preceding year, and $7,088.98 less than it was two years before. More recent action of the Board will probably effect a further reduction of the cost of the schools for the current year, of about $4,000.

The whole number of teachers in charge of school rooms last year, was fifty-eight, with an average daily attendance of thirty-six pupils to the teacher. If, by consolidation, this number could have been increased to f0rty, the number of teachers required would have been fifty-three. If it could have been increased to forty-five, the number of teachers required would have been forty-seven. The Board has already moved in this direction toward economy, but the movement should be carried still farther. A comparison of the cost of the schools in this and other cities, shows that the cost of instruction here is made proportionately greater, from this cause, rather than from excessive salaries paid to teachers.

No measure of economy is wise, which is calculated to impair the efficiency of the schools. Cheap schools are not, necessarily, the best schools. It is, therefore, to the interior workings of our schools, that I would call the attention of the Board, and of the community. Visit and examine them. Point out the defects, wherever you find them, and, by your counsel, assist those in charge in correcting them.

GENTLEMEN :-I submit the following, as the Statistical Report of the Zanesville Public Schools, for the year ending August 31, 1878:

GENTLEMEN -1 herewith submit my first annual report of the schools under your charge, being the report for the school year ending August 31, 1879 :

The school enumeration taken in September, 1878, was 5,497. That taken in September, 1879, was 5,571. This shows an increase of 72 in the school population of the city.

The number enumerated between the ages of 6 and 6, was 3,728 ; the number between 16 and 21 years of age, was 1,769.

HENRY C. WERNER is the eldest son of the late Hartman Werner, who landed in the city of Baltimore in 1842, a poor, friendless boy,with but limited means, as reckoned by dollars and cents. Imbued with a desire to better his condition, he soon found himself in Wheeling, West Virginia. Not satisfied with the opportunities there presented, he continued his journey to Zanesville, and opened a shoe shop here soon after, commencing business on a cash capital of less than one dollar. He worked industriously at his trade, squaring his dealings with the public by the unswerving laws of simple honesty. By this course, in which he ever had the sympathy and assistance of his wife, in a few years he accumulated sufficient money to purcbase property on Main street. About the year 1860, he added to his stock, goods from Eastern manufacturers, and gradually the business grew until Werner's Shoe Store took on the proportions of a leading commercial enterprise.

In 1876, the two sons, Henry C. and Frederick A., were admitted to a partnership, and this continued until the death of tbe father, in June following. The firm then became H. & F. Werner, and the two brothers continued the development so auspiciously begun by their honored father, until the house now ranks as one of the most stable and enterprising in the State of Ohio. On the 1st of January, 1882. Henry C. Werner succeeded to the ownership, his brother's impaired health compelling him to seek another climate.

The magnificent store now occupied by Henry C. Werner. No. 133 Main street, first door east of the Court House, is one of the model wholesale and retail emporiums of Eastern Ohio. The room has a frontage of twenty-one feet, and extends back one hundred and seventeen feet, the entire depth of the Cent, al Block, of which it forms a part. Every variety and style of boots, shoes, slippers, brogans, plow-shoes—in a word, everything known to the domain of boot and shoe manufacture, is shown in boundless profusion. The great salesroom is admirably arranged for the personal comfort of customers—carpeted, mirrored and supplied with easy chairs, all in the height of elegance. At the rear, on an elevated platform, is the office ; on the second floor are the shoemakers, for "mending" and " repairing " is a part of the business. The large basement is full of reserve stock to be drawn upon as necessity may require. The business of the house, wholesale and retail, exceeds $100,000 annually.

The total enrollment last year was 3,008. This year it is 3,103, being a gain of 95 pupils. There is an increase of 36 in the high school, 97 in the primary and secondary schools, and 14 in the colored schools ; and a decrease of 39 in the senior schools, and 3 in the German.-English schools.

The per cent. of enrollment on the enumeration was, for 1877-78, 55. For the present year, it is 56.4.

The average daily attendance is 2,172, being only 70 per cent of the number enrolled, and 90 per cent. of the number belonging. This is not a good showing, being less than for several. years.

The following shows the per cent. of attendance for the last nine years, on the number enrolled and the number belonging :

The prevalence of diptheria in certain parts of the city, was the principal cause of the low per cent of attendance. This affected more especially, the primary and secondary grades.

The attendance in the colored schools is very poor, being only 57 per cent of the enrollment.

The following table shows the number of pupils permanently witbdrawn during the year, and the number remaining at the close of the Year :

The following shows the cost for pupils for tuition (exclusive of supervision and special teachers) on number enrolled, number belonging, and number attending :

The cost per pupil for tuition, including cost of supervision and special teachers, for contingent expenses, and total cost per pupil, will be seen from the following :

The expense attending the opening of a colored high school, the employment of a special teacher of music, and other additional teaching force, cause an increase in the expenditures for tuition over that of last year, to the amount of $3,314.38.

GENTLEMEN—I respectfully submit the following report of our public schools for the year ending August 31, 1880 :

The school enumeration, taken September, 1879, was 5,571. That taken September, 1880, is 5,782. This shows an increase of 211 in the school population of the city :

In reviewing the work of our schools for the last year,it is gratifying to be able to report some progress. .Our schools have increased in number, as to both pupils and teachers. There has been improvement in the attendance, in the discipline, in the character, and in the mode of instruction. In general, teachers of all grades have labored with a zeal and diligence that are in every sense commendable. With rare exceptions, teachers have been devoted to their work, and the results of their labor have been quite satisfactory, In some cases the success attained has not been commensurate with the labor, owing to the inexperience of teachers, or their want of adaptation to the work. The want of the proper co-operation on the part of parents with the teachers, in some instances has not tended to produce good results, the pupils being allowed

During the school year just closed, I made 725 official visits to the school, including schools of all grades, giving attention to their organization, to the discipline, to the instructions, and to all matters pertaining to the curriculum of the schools.

The course of study and the work of each grade have been made subjects of careful study. Some changes have been made in the course of study, which, it is believed, will be productive of good results.

The principals of the different school districts have given close and careful attention to the schools under their immediate control, having made, during the year, 1,453 visits to them. One hundred and eight visits were made by the members of the Board of Education.

It is a matter of regret that the patrons of the schools do not visit them oftener. Their interest, manifested by their frequent visits, would greatly encourage both teachers and pupils.

As parents and teachers are both directly interested in the education of the pupils, there should exist between them the proper understanding in all matters pertaining to the school.

The per cent. of attendance on the average number belonging, is 92. In this item, I am able to report an improvement on last year, the per cent. for last year being 90.

There were .348 cases of truancy reported during the year. This is a subject in which all persons are interested. The evils of truancy, idleness, and youthful vagrancy, are not felt in the school room only ; they are widespread, and affect all grades of society.

On this subject, allow me to quote the following remarks of J. M. B. Sill, of Detroit :

"This matter demands immediate attention by all friends of education, and of good order. Reckless and vicious boys, truants from school, infest the streets in many quarters of the city, enticing from better surroundings, those otherwise well disposed, and forming, in effect, organizations for the training of future criminals and pests to society. Unless some means can be devised to bring such persons under better influences, the good effect of all our efforts in the direction of free education will be largely neutralized and lost. This element is one whose growth is, from the nature of things, cumulative to an unfortunate extent, each addition to its strength increasing in a fearful ratio its power for harm. Cannot something be done to limit its harmful influence, and its dangerous growth?

"The census enumerators were instructed to make a careful record of all persons of school age who attend any school other than the public schools of our city, and of those engaged as help, or are in business. They report 481 who attend some other school than our public schools, and 981 who are engaged as help or are in business. Our reports show that 3,144 are enrolled in our schools, thus leaving about i,000 persons of school age accounted for, either as pupils attending any school, or as persons engaged in any employment. All of this number are not vagrants. But a large per cent. of the number may be classed as such. Do we need a compulsory law that will be "operative?"

1Six regular examinations are held during the year, one at the middle of each term, and one at the close of each term. The examinations at the close of the term cover the work of the term. A record of these examinations is kept, and helps to form the data upon which the pupil is promoted. The annual examination, held in June, is on the year's work. In determining the pupil's fitness for promotion, more stress is placed upon this examination. The Superintendent, assisted by the principals, prepares the examination questions, and grades the papers. These papers are generally very neatly prepared by the pupils, after a form with which they are familiar. Neatness in their preparation in all cases is insisted upon.

Promotions are made annually, and, although this plan is open to objection, it is believed to work the best in a city like ours. It is true, that the pupil who fails to gain his promotion may lose a year's time, and, in some instances, lose his interest and drop out of school. Such cases, however, are not of frequent occurrence. Perhaps as many pupils leave school from being overworked, or from being promoted when not prepared for promotion, as do from failure of promotion. Being unable to do the work of the higher grade, discouragement overtakes them, and they give up altogether.

There are various causes of failure of promotion. Some are physically unable to do the work of their grade. The school work which such pupils are required to do should be very light. Their health being the first consideration, their failures to make the higher grades should be regarded as blessings. Some pupils are mentally unable to do the work, their minds not being sufficiently matured to comprehend the studies pursued in the grade. These are greatly benefited by the review .

Failures arise from indifference to school work on the part of pupils, and, in spite of all the encouragement and assistance given them, habitual truants fail. Irregularity in attendance during the different terms causes a large percentage of the failures. Every absence from school lessens the probabilities of promotion. The most trival excuses are sufficient to keep some children from school. Many of the excuses presented are worthless as excuses. They are accepted by the teachers, the explanation of what is a "satisfactory excuse" as intended in the rule of the Board on this subject, never having been very clearly understood by them. It is hoped that parents will not keep their children from school except

when it is positively unavoidable, and that they will send written excuses to that effect.

The character of the work done by pupils and teachers during the school year, may be ascertained, to a great extent, from the condition of the schools at the close of the year. If they have been earnest and faithful, their work will be manifest in the progress they have made in their studies. I am sure that a review of the work of the past year will show progress in the studies taught and improvement in the methods of instruction.

In the teaching of Reading there is improvement. The course has been so shortened that more time may be given to the subject matter of the lessons read, and that supplementary reading matter may be introduced. The object not only to make good readers of our pupils in the ordinary acceptation of the term, but to develop in them a love of reading, to acquaint them with good authors, and to direct them, as far as is possible, in the selection of good reading matter.

In the Senior B grade, no Reader is used. In its place a book of selections from our best American authors is in daily use. Some attention is given to the life of the author. but the selections from his writings are made subjects of careful study. While oral reading is not discontinued, special attention is given to the study of the language of the selections, to learning how to read, and how to comprehend what is being read.

It is hoped that the methods introduced will result in making better general readers of our pupils, and in inducing them to read and to love the literature of good authors, rather than the trashy matter offered them at the common news-stands.

Closely related to the study of Reading, is that of Language and Composition. We are aiming to teach the pupils of the lower grades language proper, rather than technical grammar. Language being of little value unless it can be used readily, our course is arranged to give pupils practical lessons in its use, both in oral and in written work. In addition to the regular lessons from the book used in these grades, the every day reading lesson is made a language lesson, so far as the time will allow. In fact it is our aim to make the entire school work contribute directly to clearness of thought and accuracy of expression. In the higher grades, attention is given to the study of analysis and technical grammar. The development of the sentence, and construction exercises in the use of subject and predicate, and their immediate modifications, accompany the work in the study of etymology. We endeavor to establish amicable relations between these studies and the practical study of composition, by regular exercises in written work.

The progress made in the study of Writing ,and Drawing, and in Music, under the supervision of special teachers, is as satisfactory as can be expected, owing to the limited time given them Four lessons per week, of 25 minutes each, are given to Writing, 3 to Drawing, and 3 to Music.

An inspection of our schools will show that very marked progress is being made in the study of Music. Pupils are not only learning to sing, but are learning to read music at sight, with great readiness.

Our High School is well patronized, the enrollment for the year 1878-'79 being 176 and that for the year 1879-'80 173; The per cent. of daily attendance for 1878-'79, 93 ; for 1879-80, 94.

Our tables show that the attendance during the last term of the school year is lower than for the other two terms. Many boys leave the school to engage in various employments. Forty-six pupils were permanently withdrawn. The inducements to leave school and "go into business" are very great, and, to many, irresistible.

If the educated man makes the better citizen, if, in consequence of his education, he is better prepared to fulfill the purposes of life, it is certainly a loss to a community to have its boys and girls forego the advantages for higher education, which our High Schools afford.

In June, 1879, 11 boys and 17 girls graduated from our High School, and in June, 1880, 10 boys and 24 girl§ received diplomas, besides a number who completed the book-keeping course, receiving certificates to that effect.

Two years ago, a colored High School was organized for the benefit of those of our colored pupils who might desire to pursue the higher branches of study. The courses of study, adopted for the white High School, were adopted for this school. Eight pupils are now pursuing the English course, doing the same work and taking the same test examinations that are taken by the corresponding classes in the white High School. It is hoped that the number of pupils will be largely increased.

The proper apparatus, and better accommodations, are needed, and, doubtless, will be furnished whenever the number in attendance will justify the Board in doing so.

The attention of the Board is called to our course of study, to the amount of work required of the pupils, and to the time given to that work.

The following are the studies of the Secondary schools : Reading, Spelling, Written Arithmetic, Mental Arithmetic, Language, Geography, Music, Writing and Drawing, nine in all. To the three special studies, the time of two recitations is given, thus reducing the number of recitations to eight each day. Allowing ten minutes for roll call, ten minutes for the interchange of classes, and forty minutes for the two recesses, as required by the rule, there remain five hours, or 300 minutes for study and recitation, or 37 minutes in which to study and recite each lesson.

This is little time enough for any one of the studies ; for the greater number, the time is entirely too short. Some of these lessons cannot be prepared in the 37 minutes ; neither can they be properly recited in less than that time. The result is either an imperfectly prepared lesson, or one imperfectly recited. Experience proves that,

The result is, they are becoming men and women without that educational training to be derived from attendance upon our schools. An intermediate grade, as rec0mmended, could give such pupils an opportunity for continuing their studies, or fit them for the High School proper. Very little expense would attend the 'establishment of such a school.

in the attempt to do both, neither is well done. The result is poor scholarship. Thorough w0rk is impossible. The course embraces many studies and much work in each. Too much is required of our pupils in the time given in the course of study. There are three remedies :

1. Lessen the work to be done by omitting something from a part, or all of the studies, or by dropping one or more of them altogether.

3. Shorten the work of the present course, and establish an intermediate grade, between the present senior grades and the first year of the High School course.

Pupils enter the High School too young. Their minds are not sufficiently mature to comprehend the subjects taught there. Were they to receive one more year's drill before taking up the work of the High School course, they would be much better prepared in every sense, to do that work thoroughly. They would leave the school better scholars, and better prepared to enter upon any professional course of study, or to engage in any employment. Many pupils, for various reasons, have "outgrown" the senior grades of our schools, but are not prepared to enter the High School. The total cost of the schools for the year just closed, was $44,605.01, being $4,862.31 less than for the year 1878-'79. There was a reduction in the expenditures, both for tutition and for contingent expenses.

The cost per pupil was $19.51, on the average daily attendance ; $3.24 less than it was last year.

In conclusion, I desire to acknowledge the official and personal assistance and courtesy tendered me by the members of the Board, and all with whom I have had official relations. My thanks are due the teachers, for the kind and cheerful Manner in which they have aided me and performed the work assigned to them. I hope the same support and confidence may be continued during tbe school year upon which we have just entered.

From the foregoing extracts, it will be seen that the Zanesville public schools of to-day are eminently adapted to their purpose. The march of improvement has been onward from the beginning. A review of the School Boards, found at the close of this article, will reveal to the student of our past and present history that the members have been selected, with but few exceptions, for their special adaptation to the work committed to them ; and it will be a proud satisfaction to find that each has done what he could for the cause of education. It is owing to this fact that the present worthy Superintendent has been able to make the grand showing found in his report for the school years ending August 31, 1878, August 31, 1879, and August 31, 1880. The efficiency of the Board of Education will be more apparent, perhaps, when their mode of procedure is stated, and as it cannot be condensed to advantage, it is added in full, with some of the other important data in the report.

1. ORGANIZATION-The Board shall meet on the third Monday in April, in each year, and after the members elect have been duly qualified, organize by the election of a President and Clerk.

2. REGULAR MEETING-The regular meetings of the Board of Education shall be held on alternate Monday evenings during the year, beginning with the second Monday after organization.

At each meeting the Board shall be called to order at the hour fixed by resolution, and the Clerk shall record the names of the members present.

3. ORDER OF BUSINESS-At regular Meetings, the business shall be disposed of in the following order :

And such order shall not be departed from except by the consent of two-thirds of the members present.

4. Committees shall report on any matter referred to them at the regular meeting next succeeding such reference ; but further time may be allowed by the Board.

5. Claims against the Board may be presented at any regular meeting, and shall lie over till the next regular meeting ; and no account or bill shall be paid until after the same shall have been examined and approved by the Committee on Claims.

6. The Board will not be responsible for the payment of any debts contracted on their account, or for the fulfilling of any contracts for supplies or repairs, except those made by the proper committee.,

7. Specials meetings of the Board may be called by the President, or any two members, but no business shall be transacted at any such meeting except that f0r which it was called.

The government of the Board shall be according to Cushing's Manual, so far as it may be applicable to a body of this kind.

A Superintendent of Instruction shall be elected at the close of each school year, whose duty it shall be :

1. To visit each of the schools of the city as often as may be practicable or necessary, giving attention to its organization, discipline and instruction, directing the teachers, from time to time, to make such changes, not contrary to adopted rules, as shall seem best calculated to give greater efficiency to the school.

To carefully observe the government, mode of instruction and general conduct of each teacher ; and whenever he shall doubt his or her efficiency or fitness, t0 report the same promptly and plainly to the Board of Education.

2. To hold meetings of all the teachers, once in four weeks, on Saturdays, from 9 to 12 o'clock a. m., for the purpose of giving instructions or direction to the teachers in relation to the discharge of their duties, assigning to the principals and special teachers such duties in connection therewith as he may deem necessary to secure the object of such meetings.

3. To hear and decide all cases of discipline which may be referred to him by the principals ; which decision shall be binding upon teacher and pupil, unless reversed, upon appeal, by the Committee on Discipline or the Board of Education.

4. To devise a system of blanks for registers and reports, have charge of their distribution to teachers and return by them, and prescribe to teachers rules for keeping them.

are uniformly and faithfully observed and executed in all the departments of the schools, that registers are kept and reports made by the teachers with care, neatness and uniformity.

6. To report in writing at the end of each term, or whenever required by the Board, giving a detailed statement of the condition and prospects of the schools, and recommending such measures for their improvement as he may deem advisable, and t0 make an annual report as soon as practicable after the close of the school year.

7. To furnish to the Clerk of the Board such statistics relating to the membership, attendance and instruction of the schools, as may be required for his annual report to the State School Commissioner.

8. To conduct all examinations of &pHs for promotion from one grade of the schools to another, and to examine and grant cards of admission to all applicants who have not before been members of the schools.

10. To keep himself and the Board informed in regard to the school systems of other cities, their plans of organization, modes of government, methods of instruction, and such other matters as may assist the Board to legislate wisely for the highest interests of the schools, and, for this purpose, to effect the best possible arrangement for a permanent exchange of reports between this and other School Boards.

11. To fill, with the concurrence of the Committee on Teachers, all vacancies occasi0ned by the temporary illness or necessary absence of teachers, and to make other temporary arrangements relative to the schools, which he may deem proper, and report the same to the Board at

	Enrollment.	Attendance
High School	109	93
Senior Schools	204	159
Secondary Schools	418	360
Primary Schools	932	644
Rural Schools	58	37
German School	114	61
Colored School	100	56
Night School	191	95
	2126	1505

On the number	Enrolled	Belonging	Attending.
High School	$23 31	$29 27	$31 25
Senior Schools	18 11	22 51	24 18
Primary and Secondary Schools	8 13	10 56	10 92
German-English Schools	10 22	11 72	12 57
Colored Schools	10 67	14 78	15 67
Cost par pupil for tuition, including surpervision and special teachers :
All the Schools	$11 35	$14 36	$15 28
Cost for pupils for contingent expenses, on the number :
All the Schools	$3 07	$3 91	$4 14
Total cost per pupil on the number :
All the Schools	$14 42	$18 54	$19 42

	No. with drawn	No. remaiming.	Per cent withdr'n	No. eases of tardiness
High School	43	133	24	223
Senior School	79	189	29	73
Primary and Secondary School	646	1603	28	827
German-English Schools	42	148	22	182
Colored Schools	106	114	48	132
Total	916	2187	151	1437

	Enrolled.	Belonging	Attending
For Tuition	$12 06	$15 51	$17 24
For Contingent Expenses	3 87	4 97	5 53
Total cost per pupil	$15 93	$20 48	$22 77