HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - 279

CHAPTER XXXI.

WAR OF THE REBELLION.

PREPARATIONS FOR THE CONFLICT-NUMBER OF SOLDIERS

FROM KNOX COUNTY-WAR MEETINGS AND RESOLUTIONS -

COMMITTEES APPOINTED-HOME GUARDS--SKETCH OF

THE LIFE OF C. P. BUCKINGHAM- BOUNTY MONEY FOR

THE VOLUNTEERS OF 1862 - ADDRESS OF THE MILITARY

COMMITTEE-METHODS OF SECURING VOLUNTEERS -

DRAFTING-WAR FUND-KNOX COUNTY MILITIA-LA-

DIES' AID SOCIETIES-LADIES' UNION LEAGUE-THE

MONUMENT.

The drum's wild roar awakes the land, the fife is calling shrill,

Ten thousand starry bantams blaze, on town, and bay, and hill;

Our crowded streets are throbbing with the soldier's' measured tramp,

Among the bladed cornfields gleam the white tents of the camp.

The thunders of the rising war hush Labor's drowsy hum,

And heavy to the ground the first dark drops of battle come.

The souls of men flame up anew; the narrow heart expands;

And woman brings her patient faith to nerve her eager hands.

Thank God l we are not buried yet, though long in trance we lay;

Thank God I the fathers need not blush to own their sons to-day.

ELDRIDGE JEFFERSON.

ACCORDING to the figures in the provost marshal general's office, Ohio furnished during the war of the Rebellion, the great army of three hundred and ten thousand men; of these, two hundred and forty thousand five hundred and fourteen were actually sent into the field against the enemy; of this latter number Knox county furnished about three thousand. The larger proportion of these went in detached fragments, making it a very difficult matter to give a correct and consecutive account of their operations during the great struggle. Something more than twenty organized companies went from the county, as well as a large number of detachments in various regiments and companies raised in other counties. In addition to these a large number of men, residents of the county, enlisted singly, in regiments and companies raised elsewhere, and Knox county boys were found in scores of regiments in other States; especially was this the case among the western regiments-those from Illinois, Iowa, Missouri and Kansas.

When, in April, 1801, Sumter was. fired upon, the whole country was in a blaze of war; it was like a match touched to a powder magazine-there was an instantaneous explosion Ohio immediately offered more men to the Government than was called for from the United States. Knox county was not behind in this excitement. Meetings were

280 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

held all over the county, and companies of men quickly enlisted.

April 20, 1861, there was a great mass meeting in Mount Vernon, presided over by Hon. Henry B. Curtis. Thousands of people were present, and party-lines, which up to this time had been tightly drawn, were in a great measure obliterated. Republicans and Democrats, with a few exceptions, met on common ground, to consult together for the safety of a common country. This was more the case and more noticeable in the beginning of the war than a little later, when party lines were again drawn on the great issues involved in the war.

This mass meeting was held in front of the court house. Speeches were made by Hon. Columbus Delano and others, and the following resolutions adopted

Resolved, That civil war exists by act of the seceding States; and we hold the traitors banded together under the "Southern Confederacy, "or otherwise, responsible before God and the world for all the evil that may arise from the unnatural war, thus inaugurated.

Resolved, That in this crisis the people of Ohio know but one party-the friends of the Union. We ignore all former partisan distinctions and declare with one voice for our country, our whole country, and nothing less than our country.

Resolved, That we pledge to our Government, in support of the constitution and laws, our property, our lives and our sacred honor, .

Resolved, That we hereby pledge ourselves to the volunteers who may go from this county that we will support their families during their absence in the service of their country; and for that purpose, therefore

Resolved, That there he a central executive committee of five in the town of Mount Vernon, and a county committee of twenty-two-one from each township-appointed.

The above resolutions, which were offered by a committee consisting of C. Delano, Mr. Rigby, L. Harper, Major Sapp, and William Dunbar, were quickly adopted amid much cheering and excitement. .

The central executive committee then appointed consisted of W. Sapp, William Dunbar, William Mefford, A. J. Beach, and C. Delano. This committee soon had its hands full of business, which continued during the war. The following gentlemen constituted the township committees:

A. J. Butler, Jackson township; James McCammet, Butler; Doctor Moffet, Union; Mark Greer, Jefferson; Wait Whitney, Brown; Samuel Popham, Pike; U. T. Porter. Howard; James Head, College; George Hughes, Morgan; Thomas Rogers, Clay; Moses Dudgeon, Harrison; L W. Gates, Miller; Nathan Bostwick, Milford; Robert Graham, Pleasant; William Mitchell, Hilliar; James Severe, Liberty; John Welsh. Clinton; John McIntyre, Mortis; John D. Struble. Wayne; Stephen-H. Sherwood, Middlebury; James Markley, Berlin: Peter Hoke, Mooroe.

In addition to the above, one was added (or each ward in Mt. Vernon, and soldiers' families were generally, in various ways, well provided for doting the war. The two companies that went out in the Fourth Ohio, in the three months' service, were more than filled up at this time. More then could easily have been had, but could not be accepted.

Meetings of a similar character were held in Amity and Brownsville. In the latter place a company was immediately formed, and elected John F. Cunningham captain; William L. Brook, first lieutenant, and Squire Workman, second lieutenant. W. Frazier was orderly sergeant The meeting was held in the Methodist Episcopal church, and after the volunteering, one side of the house was cleared, and those who would contribute to the support of the families of the volunteers requested to take that side. Immediately that side of the house was refilled.

An enthusiastic meeting was also held in Morgan township, April 23d, at which a company of home guards was formed.

A company of home guards was about the same time formed in Mt. Vernon, consisting of about eighty members, mostly old or middle-aged men. C. P. Buckingham was captain of this company, Joseph W. Vance, first, sad William Dunbar, second lieutenant The two first named officers subsequently rose to high positions.

C. P. Buckingham was born March 14, 1808, at Putnam, then Springfield, Muskingum county, Ohio. His father, Ebenezer Buckingham, was one of the early settlers in the State, and his mother was a daughter of General Rufus Putnam, a soldier in the Revolution, the first chief engineer in the United States army, sad the first man to lead a band of settlers to Ohio. Young Buckingham was appointed a cadet by President Monroe, and at the age of seventeen entered West Point His application was such that at the end of one year he was appointed acting assistant professor of mathematics, and for two years, besides prosecuting his own studies, he spent several hours each day in teaching. At the end of four years he gradu-

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 281

ated second in mathematics, philosophy and engineering; and sixth in general merit. Among his classmates were General Robert E. Lee, Joseph E. Johnston, O. M. Mitchell, Thomas A. Davis, James Barnes, Thomas Swords and others of less note.

In 1829, he was commissioned by President Jackson as second lieutenant in the Third United States artillery, and before the expiration of the usual furlough he was ordered to join a party engaged in surveying Green river, with a view to render it navigable. The next winter was spent in Washington completing maps of the survey, and in the following September, after a furlough of four months, he was ordered to West Point as acting assistant professor of natural philosophy. After serving one year in this capacity, Lieutenant Buckingham decided to quit the service, and devote himself to civil pursuits.

In 1833 he was called to the professorship of mathematics and natural philosophy in Kenyon college, which position he held three years; and upon his retirement he was chosen trustee of the institution. Professor Buckingham settled in Mt Vernon, and in 1849 became senior partner in the Kokosing iron works. In 1856 he removed temporarily to Chicago, where he spent two years in building and putting in operation the grain houses of the Illinois Central railroad. At the end of that time he returned to Ohio and resumed the management of the Kokosing iron works.

A few days after the fall of Sumter Governor Dennison offered Mr. Buckingham the position of assistant adjutant general of Ohio, and he at once repaired to Columbus . and reported for duty. At that time the State was organizing twenty-two regiments; these troops to the number of seventeen or eighteen thousand were collected in several camps and fed by contract at the rate of fifty cents per day for each man. The necessity for an organized commissary department was very urgent, and within a week after arriving in Columbus, Mr. Buckingham was appointed commissary general of the State. He immediately established depots of provisions, purchased supplies, appointed assistant commissaries, and within two weeks the troops were put upon regular army rations, and were fed at an average cost of fourteen cents per day for each man.

After the commissary department was fully organized, General Carrington, the adjutant general of the State, was commissioned in the regular army, and General Buckingham was appointed to succeed him; and for nine months he labored incessantly in raising regiments and forwarding them to the field. Special difficulties arose between the State authorities and the authorities at Washington in regard to the recruiting service, and to give a minute account of General Buckingham's efforts to bring order out of confusion; to establish a system of recruiting on fixed principles; to organize and arrange the records of the office so that the information they contained should be reliable and easily accessible; to bring the war department into proper relations with the State authorities; to reconcile the conflicting claims of officers, and, in a word, to meet all the wants and requirements of his position to give a minute account of all this would require the publication of a voluminous correspondence, and an innumerable number of official documents. It is sufficient to say that by the end of the year eighty thousand men had been organized and equipped for the three years' service. Upon the accession of Governor Tod, General Buckingham still continued in his position, and nothing ever occurred in his private and official intercourse, either with Governor Dennison or with Governor Tod to interrupt for a moment the confidence that existed between them.

April 1, 1862, General Buckingham was offered, and accepted, the position of brigadier general of volunteers, with special reference to the war department. His duties were of a very miscellaneous character. In July, 1862, when national affairs on the James river wore their gloomiest aspect, it was decided that strenuous efforts should be made to raise a large additional force. Experience had shown the necessity of a complete understanding between the war department and the State authorities; and to effect this the Secretary of State set out to visit several of the governors, to have interviews with them on the subject. General Buckingham was directed to accompany him, with authority from the war department to remove, as far as possible, any impediments which the State authorities might find in the way of recruiting. Together they conferred with the governors of Pennsylvania, New

282 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

York, and Massachusetts; and then General Buckingham proceeded alone to Cleveland, where he met the governors of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin; and, without doubt, the arrangements, thus made facilitated the business of recruiting.

In October, 1862, General Buckingham was ordered to repair to Columbus, Indianapolis, and Rock Island to select sites for the arsenals authorized at the preceding session of Congress. He performed this duty by selecting those now occupied at Columbus and Indianapolis, and by recommending that Rock Island, already owned .by the Government, be selected for the third, His report was adopted in every particular.

The first conscription was ordered in July, 1862, and General Buckingham was selected to organize and arrange the details, and to set the machinery in motion, While engaged in this duty his attention was called to the enormous amount of desertion and straggling, and also to the necessity of some means by which the Government could reach and control the recruiting system at all points. To this end he suggested to the Secretary of War the propriety of appointing provost marshals; and subsequently the provost marshal's bureau was established mainly upon General Buckingham's plan.

In February, 1863, Congress determined to pass a conscription law, and the Senate Military committee requested General Buckingham to meet them, and make such suggestions as would assist them in drawing up a bill. After hearing his views, his experience both as a State officer and as having charge of the conscription during the previous summer, making him quite familiar with the subject, the committee requested him to take the papers and memoranda to his office and draw up a bill to be submitted to them. This he did; and the bill as it passed Congress varied but little from the one which he reported to the committee.

About this time General Buckingham's private affairs, which he had almost wholly neglected since the opening of the war, demanded his attention; and accordingly he tendered his resignation, and once more returned to civil life. His services through the war were not of the kind that figure largely in the public eye or in the newspapers of the day, but a large share of the credit which Ohio won for her promptitude in filling her quotas, and for the admirable organization of her troops is due to General Buckingham; and his name will ever deserve prominent mention in her list of those who served and honored their native State through the trials of the great Rebellion.

The following resolution, offered by W. R Sapp at a convention for the nomination of civil officers, contains the gist of all resolutions offered in those days. It speaks volumes for the patriotism of the people

Whereas-Experience has demonstrated that political parties have their legitimate exercise in the administration of established government; and

Whereas-When the existence of government is threatened by armed foes, the only real parties are the supporters of the government on the one hand and its enemies on the other; and

Whereas-The war now waging has been forced upon our country by rebels and traitors; and

Whereas--The time has now come when it is to be decided whether the union our fathers framed shall be perpetuated or destroyed; therefore

Resolved-That forgetting the obligations of party ties, and believing it unwise to make any party nominations, we hereby declare that we recognize as the only true political principle of the present time, the faithful enforcement of the laws, the union of States, the maintenance of the constitution, and the vigorous and continued prosecution of the war.

Other and similar resolutions were adopted and the convention nominated unconditional union men without regard to previous party affiliations.

Up to June, 1862, eight hundred and fifty-two men had volunteered from this county, and large amounts of money had been raised to pay bounties and furnish support for the families of soldiers. While the volunteers were fighting the enemy in front, the loyal people in the rear were not by any means idle. The following is copied from the books in the auditor's office, and shows how the sinews of war were obtained

The following are the amounts raised in each township in the county to pay bounties to volunteers in 1862, which amounts were, by law of April 6, x866, refunded by taxation:

Jackson ........................ $14,830 Union ............................ $15,610

Butler .............................10,610 Brown............................ 4,709

Harrison .........................16,100 Clay................................ 18,760

Pleasant ......................... 7,905 College ........................... 10.348

Pike................................. 12,315 Berlin .............................. 15,670

Clinton............................. 7,605 Mt. Vernon City............... 40,527

Milford . ......................... 8,500 Liberty . ........................... 10,488

Middlebury ...................... 9,327 Hilliar ................................ 18,105

Jefferson ......................... 12,040 Howard .............................. 20,160

Morgan .......................... 14,388 Monroe .............................. 3,040

Morris............................. . 9,910 Miller .................................22,131

Wayne ............................ 37,500 Knox county at large. ....... 28,170

The total amount raised during the war for bounties to vol-

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 283

unteers of 1862 was three hundred and sixty-eight thousand, seven hundred and forty-eight dollars.

The foregoing is as correct as can be made from the data in my possession.

ALEXANDER CASSIL, Auditor.

The great earnestness of the people of Knox county, under the call of the President in 1862, for three hundred thousand volunteers, is revealed in the following special appeal by the military committee of the county. It also reveals the source of the Ninety-sixth regiment, Colonel J. W. Vance:

MILITARY COMMITTEE ROOM,

KNOX COUNTY, July 30, 1862.

The military committee of Knox county take the liberty of again addressing themselves to their fellow citizens of the county upon a subject imperatively demanding prompt and vigorous action at their hands.

We have therefore called attention to the fact, that under the recent call of the President for three hundred thousand additional volunteers, the counties of Knox, Morrow, Marion, Delaware, Union, and Logan had been formed into a regimental district, and were required by the governor of the State to raise a regiment of one thousand men.

These men have been apportioned to the several counties comprising the district in proportion to the population of each county. Under this apportionment Knox county is required to furnish two hundred and twenty men.

The regiment to be raised in this district is already organized, and its field officers appointed. Our county has been honored in the choice of the colonel; our esteemed fellow-citizen, Joseph W. Vance, esq., whose ability and untiring energy are well known to all, having been appointed to the position. This selection, we are sure, will give additional impetus to the recruiting service in our midst.

The call upon us for our quota of men must be met. The Government, as it should be, is terribly in earnest in its efforts to quell the rebellion. It is determined to put forth its power and do the work thoroughly and at once. The number of men necessary to accomplish this purpose must be forthcoming at all hazards. The alternative therefore, is presented us of entering the service as volunteers, or of submitting to the draft.

In one or the other of these modes two hundred and twenty men must be raised by Knox county within a short period of time.

Acting under orders from headquarters, our county auditor is even now engaged in enrolling the militia of the. county: and we understand he is required to make his return by the eighteenth of August.

Will our people volunteer, or will they compel the public authorities to resort to the draft, in order to raise the number of men which, upon a fair and just apportionment, our county is required to furnish? Our sister counties are addressing themselves earnestly to the work of filling the ranks with volunteers. What, to the future, shall be said of the action of Knox county, in this dark hour of our country's peril?

The man who is drafted, is entitled to no bounty; the Government reserves this testimonial of its good wilt to the gallant citizens who volunteer. His pay is less than that of the volunteer. He cannot select the company or regiment in which he will serve, a privilege which every volunteer may exercise, and in addition to this, he is regarded not as the patriotic citizen who has voluntarily stepped forward to fight the battles of his country, but as one who serves her upon compulsion.

We sincerely trust and confidently hope that our county may be spared this disgrace. There are certainly two hundred and twenty loyal and gallant men yet left within her borders, who will see that her hitherto fair fame is preserved untarnished.

We now earnestly appeal to our fellow-citizens to assist us in putting into the field the number of volunteers required from our county. We are advised precisely what that number is, and know exactly the work to be done. Let us all see that it is promptly done. We desire each man to feel that this appeal is made personally to him. The call upon us by the Government is of paramount importance; it should be our special business no matter how urgent the demands of private interests may be to see to it that prompt and faithful response is made to that call.

A fund is also being raised for the purpose of furnishing a bounty to volunteers, in addition to that paid by the Government. We expect to be able to raise within Knox county, at least ten thousand dollars for that purpose, which will enable us to pay an extra bounty of forty dollars to each recruit. Of this sum a large proportion-enough to insure twenty-five dollars to each man-has already been subscribed. Let every man who cannot go himself contribute liberally of his means to those who can.

Each volunteer, when his company is mustered into service, will receive from the Government one month's pay in advance (thirteen dollars); one fourth of his one hundred dollars bounty (twenty-five dollars), and au extra payment of two dollars, making in all forty dollars. In addition to this we expect to be able to pay him the further sum of forty dollars; thus his advance payment will be eighty dollars.

Township military committees are being appointed in every township in the county, and will receive due notice of their appointment.

Upon them we more particularly rely for aid in accomplishing the work before us. Work-systematic, energetic, persevering work-will alone accomplish the desired result.

SAMUEL ISRAEL, Chn. K. C. Mil. Corn.

JOSEPH S. DAVIS, Secretary.

At the same time, July 28, 1862, a great war meeting was held in Mt Vernon, at the court house at which patriotic speeches were made by Mr. Delano and Colonel Joseph W. Vance. The greatest enthusiasm prevailed, and it became evident that old Knox would not be behind her sister counties in this great effort. At this meeting the following citizens contributed the sums opposite their names, to the war fund:

W. Dunbar ........................... $ 25 00

H. B. Curtis.......................... 500 00

C. Delano............................. 500 00

R. C. Hurd........................... 100 00

George B. Potwin. ............... 200 00

W. M. Young ...................... 100 00

J. C. Devin........................... 100 00

George W. Morgan.............. 25 00

284 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

G. A. Jones ................................... 100 00

J. Sperry & Company . . . . . . . . . . 200 00

J. Weaver...................................... 100 00

Isaac Cassell ............................... 25 00

E. P. Buckingham......................... 50 00

L. Harper ......................................... 30 00

E. S. S. Rouse.................................. 30 00

I. Mattison........................................ 25 00

M. Leopold & Company ................. 23 00

John Denny ..................................... 10 00

H. W. Jennings................. ................ 10 00

R. M. Roland .................................... 10 00

Carlos W. Fisher................................10 00

P. McIntyre ..................................... 15 00

John Eichelberger ........................... 10 00

Frank H. Hurd................................... 25 00

G. H. Martin..................................... 10 00

W. A. Bounds................................... 10 00

R. A. Kindrick................................... 20 00

John E. Evans................................... 15 00

Otho Martin ..................................... 10 00

William E. Doty. ............................... 5 00

Samuel Israel ................................. 150 00

C. E. Marquand ............................... 10 00

J. S. Shaw.......................................... 25 00

E. C. Camp ...................................... 10 00

Joseph Watson ................................. .10 00

N. N. Hill ....................................... 100 00

John McCormack ........................... 100 00

A. Wolf ............................................ 100 00

A. Weaver......................................... 100 00

More than three thousand dollars were subscribed on this occasion; committees were appointed and liberal subscriptions obtained all over the county. The two hundred and twenty volunteers required for the Ninety-sixth regiment were easily obtained, and no drafting became necessary to fill this quota. Not only this, but before these companies were fairly organized, the President called for three hundred thousand more men, and Knox county's quota was immediately doubled. Two more companies were required. These were raised within fifteen or twenty days and entered the One Hundred and Twenty-first regiment, under Captains Stephens and Yager.

Preparations for drafting were begun in August, 1862; the auditor was already busy enrolling all persons in the county liable for military duty, to be in readiness should it become necessary to fill up the army by conscription. Hon. William R Sapp was appointed commissioner; D. C. Montgomery, provost marshal, and Dr. M. Thompson, examining surgeon. Happily the necessity for enforcing the draft was avoided at that time by liberal volunteering, and indeed, comparatively few men were drafted in this county during the war. A draft ocucrred in October, 1862, a large number of the men being assigned to the Sixty-fifth regiment. Whenever the quota of the county was ascertained under the repeated calls of the President for volunteers, the people went to work with a will to get the number of men required without resorting to the. draft. Money was freely used and success generally attended their efforts.

The following advertisement appears in the Mt. Vernon papers of .that date, and is interesting as showing what inducements were held out to volunteers:

One hundred men wanted for the Third Ohio volunteer cavalry. Four hundred and two dollars bounty paid to old recruits, and three hundred and two dollars to new recruits.

WALTER L. BURR,

December 1, 1863. Recruiting Officer.

In the following year, 1864, the inducements were still greater, as the following extract shows:

Every able-bodied man who will come forward and volunteer for one year, and be credited to the First ward of Mt. Vernon, on or before the twenty-fifth of August, will receive five hundred dollars in cash for one year's service.

In 1862, the Knox county war fund, raised by voluntary contribution in the county, for the relief of soldiers' families reached the sum of eight thousand eight hundred and thirty-five dollars and thirty-nine cents. In 1863 the county commissioners set apart for the same purpose eleven thousand three hundred and thirty-nine dollars; and the same amount, for the same purpose in 1864. In 1865, the amount set apart for this purpose was twelve thousand one hundred dollars.

In addition to these contributions from the county funds, large private subscriptions were continued. During the last years of the war large amounts were paid for substitutes; no limit being defined; those who were drafted hired other men to take their places at whatever price could be agreed upon. This finally grew into a great evil, and created a class known as "bounty jumpers," who made a business of enlisting, deserting, and re-enlisting at some other point for additional bounty.

In 1864, under the call of the Government for five hundred thousand men, Knox county's quota was five hundred and eighty-nine men, to be enlisted for one, two and three years. The Govern-

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 285

ment paid to one year troops, one hundred dollars, and an additional one hundred dollars for each year of service-three years men getting three hundred dollars. This was in addition to the large bounties paid by the county and by private individuals.

In the fall of 1862, one hundred and thirty-nine men were to be drafted in this county, and the draft proceeded in all the townships except Berlin, Milford, Morgan, Morris and Union, which succeeded in filling their quotas without draft.

Under the militia law of April 11, 1863, Knox county was divided into military districts, and all men liable to military duty enrolled, numbering three thousand three hundred and sixty-two. These were divided into regiments and companies, and early in July meetings were held and company officers elected. Four regiments were formed and the election for field officers took place August 22, 1863, with the following result:

In the first district, composed of Hilliar, Milford, Liberty and Wayne, I. P. Larimore was chosen colonel, A. B. Ink lieutenant colonel, and D. A. Snider, major. In the second district, composed of Middlebury, Berlin, Morris and Clinton, William McGaughey was chosen colonel, Henry Markley lieutenant colonel, and John S. Parrott, major. In the third district, composed of Morgan, Pleasant, College, Monroe, Pike, Brown and Howard, W. O. B. Honey was chosen colonel, Charles A. Young lieutenant colonel, and J. P. Cunningham major. In the fourth district, composed of Harrison, Clay, Jackson, Butler, Union and Jefferson, George Butler was chosen colonel, W. J. Withrow lieutenant colonel and S. C. Richard major.

Soon after the war broke out the need of sanitary and hospital supplies began to be felt, and the requirements of this department rapidly increased. The women of the North saw where their services were most needed and could be most effectually utilized. "Ladies' Aid societies" immediately sprang up all over the land, and from small beginnings this movement finally developed into the great Sanitary commission, whose immense operations secured a world-wide reputation. Knox county was not behind in this most important factor in the military operations of the great Rebellion. Early in 1861 a Ladies' Aid society was formed in Mount Vernon, with Mrs. J. E. Woodbridge as president. This was quickly followed by other societies in the different townships, and be fore the war ended probably every township in the county contained a Ladies' Aid society, thoroughly organized and doing efficient work. These organizations co-operated with each other, and the amount of work done and assistance rendered to Soldiers both. in the field and in the hospital, would seem almost incredible.

The following list will give an idea of the work of these societies. It comprises the articles forwarded by the Ladies' Aid society of Pleasant township from the date of its organization up to the date of this report-Christmas, 1863:

Shirts, 91; drawers, 65 pairs; pocket handkerchiefs, 138; pillow slips, 42; pillows, to; sheets, 6; towels, 35; socks, 9 pairs; mittens, 2 pairs; compresses, 32 rolls; bandages, 59 rolls; 5 bundles of papers and magazines, 1 pound of hops, 53 pads, 13 fans, 2 neckties, 3 boxes 2 rolls and 1 sack of lint, 32 pounds of crackers, 6 pounds of dry toast, to dozen pickles, 4 quarts of vinegar, 18 jugs of canned fruit and pickles, 4 1/2 bushels of apples, 7 quarts of dried peaches, 23 quarts of elderberries, 14 quarts of dried cherries, 5 quarts of sweet corn, 3 quarts canned fruit, 13 bushels of potatoes, 2 1/2, bushels of onions, 1 bushel of beets, and one bushel of cabbage. Total estimated value, $225.31.

These societies were continually at work gathering and forwarding supplies, and never flagged in their efforts during the entire war. The good accomplished is beyond computation.

The following is the report of Mrs. J. E. Woodbridge, president of the Knox County Soldiers' Aid society, dated December 1, 1864:

In compliance with the request of the State authorities at Columbus, I herewith submit a report of the general operations of the Soldiers' Aid society of Mount Vernon, from its first organization up to the present time.

This Aid society was organized October 16, 1861, for hospital purposes, and is composed of ladies of Mount Vernon and vicinity, who constitute its working members.

The working members habitually meet one or more days in each week (as the urgency of the case requires) at their rooms, and devote the time to work in various ways.

Besides these stated meetings most of the members take materials to their homes and have it worked up, and manufactured into articles of comfort and utility for hospital purposes. During the first months of its organization and before the present State Sanitary commission was duly organized, the society

286 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

forwarded its supplies direct to different regiments and companies in the field at various points as their needs required.

They shipped large amounts to Western Virginia during the severe mountain service in the winter of 1861. After the State Sanitary commission began operations, our society generally cooperated with them and forwarded supplies to the Sanitary commission at Cincinnati, or their agents and State agents at various points.

Our society has been sustained very liberally by patriotic and devoted citizens from all parts of Knox county, especially during the first fifteen months which enabled us to ship during that time, large contributions of blankets, flannels, woollen socks, muslins, dry goods, and supplies of various kinds. Shipments often amounted to three thousand dollars at one time.

As the war wore on, and urgent calls were made from the army for sanitary supplies, the officers had to draw on their ingenuity to raise funds with which to purchase dry goods and material for manufacture. Public lectures, old folks' concerts, festivals, private canvassing and other modes of raising money have been in turn called into requisition to replenish our treasury and keep the society at work. The community responded liberally and our aims and efforts have been well sustained.

We cannot in this report give items and details for want of space; but from our books and records the society can now report an aggregate amount of about sixty thousand dollars' worth of property and supplies at fair valuations, which it has collected and forwarded to the army. The present valuation of said property would swell the amount to seventy-five thousand dollars.

The collection, handling, manufacturing, boxing, and shipping this amount and variety of property, although arduous and incessant, has been cheerfully performed by the members of the society, aided by a few noble-minded gentlemen.

The society has received generous contribution from all parts of the county, and especially from the noble men and women of Butler township, and from the branch societies of Mortis and Berlin townships. To these, and to the numerous clubs and individual contributors, who have stood by us and lent us their aid and influence, our society owes its thanks.

The noble band of ladies who composes the working membership of this society, are no less worthy, though they do not claim, the compliments of the community.

They have faithfully performed arduous labors, but with willing hands. They also, like most of our gallant soldiers, enlisted for "three years, or during the war," and as their three years of faithful service has but lately expired, they will not be mustered out, but have re-enlisted without draft, substitute, or bounty. They have become "veterans" in the good cause, and ask no further bounty than an approving conscience, and the continued aid and generosity of the community in furnishing funds and material to the society, that it may be enabled to do good in a good cause. MRS. J. E. WOODBRIDGE:,

President Knox County Soldiers' Aid Society.

The officers of the above society, besides Mrs. Woodbridge, were Mrs. N. N. Hill, vice-president; Mrs. Matilda Mills, treasurer; Mrs. T. E. Monroe, secretary; Miss Mary Woodbridge, corresponding secretary, and Mrs. Singer, Mrs. Hildreth, Mrs. Linsted, and Mrs. Tunison, directors.

In 1863, a society was formed by the young ladies of Mount Vernon, known as the "Young Ladies' Union League," the object of which was to secure funds for the erection of a monument to the momory of the soldiers and sailors of Knox county who gave their lives to the cause of the Union. This was the beginning of the operations which finally culminated in the erection of the present beautiful monument that graces the public square of Mt. Vernon.

Much energy was shown in the beginning of this enterprise, and a comparatively large sum of .money collected from different parts of the county. Milford township contributed very liberally through the labors and influence of Mr. Platt Beardsley and Captain Nathan Bostwick. About fifteen thousand dollars were wanted, but before the amount was subscribed the war ended, and with it much of the enthusiasm of the society; and the enterprise was, for some years, neglected. Upon the approach of the Centennial year the project was again revived and pushed to final success; the corner-stone of the monument being laid, with appropriate ceremonies, July 4, 1876. It is of Vermont granite, solid, beautiful, and an honor to the city and county. Rev. Dr. Muenscher's name is inseperably connected with the erection of this monument. It was through his personal influence and exertions, mainly, that it was finally completed. It cost about five thousand dollars.

Hon. Henry B. Curtis delivered the address at the laying of the corner-stone, and Hon. Columbus Delano at the unveiling of the monument July 4, 1877. Following is a list of articles deposited in the corner-stone:

Copies of the Bible; Declaration of Independence; Constitution of the United States and State of Ohio; names of the President and Vice-President of the United States; names of the members of the cabinet; officers of the State of Ohio and judges of the supreme court of Ohio; the names of the county officers of Knox county, and city officers of Mount Vernon;. names of the building committee, architect, and remarks of the chainnan of the building committee; copies of the Mount Vernon Democratic Banner, Mount Vernon Republican, Fredericktown Free Press, Gambier Argus, and the Orphans' Friend; programme of the dramatic representation of the "Honeymoon,"in the interest of the soldiers' monument; coins and fractional currency of the United States; programme of the day; names of the grand officers, as follows: Dr. J. N. Burr, past grand master; Edward Burson, R. W. deputy grand master, Thrall lodge, No. 170, Fredericktown, Ohio; William Dunbar, grand S. W.; Silas

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 287

Mitchell, grand J. W.; A. B. Hutchinson, grand S. D.; J. E. Hunt, grand J. D.; David Blystone, grand treasurer. Ohio lodge, No. 199, Bladensburg, Ghio; Samuel H. Peterman, grand secretary; Rev. J. A.. Kellam, grand chaplain, Thrall lodge, No. 170, Frederictown; E. W. Cotton, grand marshal; N. J. McGrew and J. B. Gains, grand stewarts; J. Cornell, grand Tyler, Cardington lodge, No. 384.

Following are the names of the soldiers who were buried in the Mount Vernon cemetery

Alfred Armstrong, George W. Anderson, Charles Bronson, James Blanchard, Edward A. Beam, William N. Beach, Lorin C. Beach, S. C. Bartlett, William Bates, Charles A. Bergen, George E. Browning, Jacob B. Brown, Henry S. Beam, A. Smith Bunn, H. R. Black, James C. Bennett, William Barriball, H. D. Brown, William S. Bergen, Edgar L. Bouidinot, Patrick Barry, J. Willet Beam, George Bergen, Thompson Cooper, Samuel C. Critchfield, Thomas Culberston, Peter Cullison, 0. W. Chamberlain, Peter Cady, William E. Doty, Henry Davis, Edwin Day, James Dunn, J. Warner Devoe, Samuel Elliott, Thomas Elder, Campbell Errett, John Fry, Henry Grad; Willis B. Green, - Green, Samuel W. Gribbon, Samuel H. Graham, George Orvill Hill, Thomas B. Hoey, W. W. Hickman, Thomas K. Hess, J. Monroe Haller, John Hildreth, Hicks, Surgeon C. A. Hood, Titus Hill, George W. Hank, Andrew Howard Haller, George Hildreth, H. A. Ingram. James C. Irvine, C. V. Johnson, Thomas J. Jacobs, W. S. Jordon, John E. Kirk, Michael Kelly, John Kilkenny, Henry Landerbaugh, Robert Lucas, Abraham W. Lippitt, James Martin, William A. McDowell, Bryant M. Murphy, James McGriffin, Dr. George McCreary, Benjamin McFadden, Thomas R. Plummer, D. L. Patrick, William Porter, Henry W. Payne, James D. Phifer, Robert Patrick, John L. Parke, John A. Peoples, John C. Ramsey, Leander Reed, Anthony B. Raymond, Thomas A. Stevenson, Francis Stratton, James Stoyle, Dr. Jacob Stamp, Captain Uzzel Stevens, Samuel Scarbrough, Patrick Sommers, Alfred Thayer, Robert T. Thompson, Thomas B. Taylor, Colonel Joseph W. Vance, Jonas Ward. Joseph Welsh, John T. Welsh, Jonathan Wilson, Huron Wilson, Jefferson J. Wolf.

Total, one hundred.

CHAPTER XXXII.

WAR OF THE REBELLION CONTINUED.

COMPANIES A AND B, FOURTH OHIO.

EXCITEMENT IN MT. VERNON-FIRST VOLUNTEERS IN KNOX

COUNTY- HOW LORIN ANDREWS BECAME COLONEL-OR-

GANIZATION OF COMPANIES A AND B-DEPARTURE OF

TROOPS-COMPOSITION OF THE FOURTH OHIO-LORIN AN-

DREWS-HENRY B. BANNING-ORGANIZATION OF THE

FOURTH OHIO-THREE MONTHS SERVICE-THREE YEARS

SERVICE-MUSTER ROLLS OF COMPANIES A AND B-A

SKETCH OF THE OPERATION OF THE REGIMENT TO THE

DATE OF MUSTER-OUT-RETURN OF THE REGIMENT -IN-

SCRIPTIONS ON ITS FLAG-ROSTER OF THE OFFICERS AND

MUSTER ROLL OF THE COMPANIES.

THE first contributions of Knox county to the War of the Rebellion were two companies, "A" and "B," which subsequently became a part of the Fourth Ohio regiment.

The people of Mt. Vernon well remember the wild excitement in the streets when the news came that Sumpter had been fired upon. The sound of those rebel guns did not die until it reverberated in every hill and valley, and grated upon the heartstrings of every patriot in the land. Only those who lived in those days can fully appreciate the tremendous effect, the great excitement, the outburst of patriotism, the mighty revolution in party and public feeling. The sound of the drum was heard daily on the public square, and the young life of the county sprang to arms as quickly and earnestly as if each household were in danger of immediate annihilation.

The first man to place his name upon that honored roll of heroes that went out from Knox county was. Mr. Israel Underst=ood, yet living in Mt. Vernon. Sixty-three others followed quickly, and in less than twenty-four hours after the first call for troops flashed over the wires sixty-four men were ready to march to the defence of the imperilled capital.

There is a little inside history connected with the formation of this company. Lorin Andrews, the honored president of Kenyon college, had enrolled his name, among the first, as a private of this company, ambitious to serve his country in any capacity. The governor of the State, however, recognizing his fitness for a high position, informed him that he should have a colonel's commission if he would raise a company. This promise Mr. An-

288 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

drews obtained while on a flying visit to Columbus. He was personally acquainted with the governor, and three months before Sumter was fired upon had written him, offering his services in case of war. He returned home with the intention of immediately raising a company, but meeting Mr. Underwood, with whom he was intimately acquainted, the latter made the generous offer to immediately turn over his company, then nearly ready to depart for Columbus, to Mr. Andrews. The latter hesitated for a time about accepting this generous offer, but finally did so and was elected its captain in place of Mr. Underwood. This company numbered one hundred and three men, when on the twentysecond of April, 1861, it was ready to depart for Columbus, and was styled the "Knox County Guards." Israel Underwood subsequently, through the influence of Colonel Andrews, became quartermaster of the Fourth Ohio. Upon the appointment of Andrews to the colonelcy of the regiment, James C. Irvine became captain, Leonard W. Carpenter first lieutenant and F. A. Coates second lieutenant of company A.

Meanwhile Henry B. Banning, of Mount Vernon, had been actively at work enlisting men, and the two companies were formed simultaneously, and were ready to depart for Columbus on the same day. Of this company (B) Henry B. Banning was elected captain; W. C. Cooper, first, and George Rogers, second lieutenant. Captain Banning's company numbered one hundred and thirteen men, both companies having more men than are allowed to an infantry company in the service. Thus it was that within a few days after the first call for troops two hundred and sixteen men organized and officered, marched down High street amid the cheers of assembled thousands, and boarded the train that was to convey them toward the scene of conflict, Thousands of people assembled at the depot to witness the departure of this, Knox county's first contribution to the great war. The students of Kenyon college, out of respect to their president, marched over from Gambier in a body to witness the departure. The crowd and excitement at the depot was beyond description. Mothers, wives, sisters and lovers, saying "goodbye" and "God bless you" with streaming eyes and full hearts, pale cheeks and trembling lips. People were not accustomed to war, it was a new experience, and made a lasting impression upon the minds of all present. Not many months elapsed until the arrival and departure of volunteers was an almost daily occurrence, and was looked upon as a matter of course, and was borne with that grim determination that comes of familiarity with suffering. Captain Banning's company was styled the "Union Guards." Nearly every company in those early days of the war, as soon as organized, received a name similar to the above, which soon, however, with much of the sentiment indulged in at first, passed away with the stern realities of war.

These two companies went into Camp Jackson near Columbus, where the Fourth Ohio was soon organized with the following companies:

A-Knox County Guards, Captain James Irvine.

B-Union Guards, Captain Henry B. Banning.

C-Delaware Guards, Captain James M. Crawford.

D-Hardin County Company, Captain George Weaver.

E-Given Guards, Captain James McMillen.

F-Canton Zouaves, Captain James Wallace.

G-Hardin Company, Captain J. S. Rohinson.

H-Marion Company, Captain E. B. Olmstead.

I-Olentangy Guards, Captain E. Powell.

K-Marion Company, Captain A. H. Brown.

Lorin Andrews was appointed colonel April 16, 1861; James Cantwell, lieutenant colonel, April 26, 1861; James H. God. man, major, April 26, 1861; H. H. McAbee, surgeon, May z, 1861, and J. T. Cantwell, assistant surgeon, May 1, 1861.

Some of the officers above named subsequently atiained to high positions, and acquired a national reputation. Henry B. Banning, now a resident of Cincinnati, became a brevet major general, as did also Captain James S. Robinson; and Major James H. Godman and Captain Eugene Powell became brevet brigadier generals.

As the history of the military services of the two companies from Mount Vernon is inseparable from that of the regiment, what follows is partly taken from Reid's "Ohio in the War" prefaced with the following sketches of two of the prominent men who went out with these companies, and who were both residents of Knox county at the date of enlistment.

Lorin Andrews was one of the earliest and costliest offerings of Ohio in the war. He was not permitted to develop fully his military ability, but there was no reason to doubt, from his known character, and his zeal in the distinguished posi-

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 289

tions he had filled, that as a soldier he would have reached as high a rank as he had already won in civil life.

He was born in Ashland, county, Ohio, April 1, 1819. His early life was passed on his father's farm, and in obtaining a good common school education. He afterward took a collegiate course, and spent some time. in common school teaching. He became an efficient and intelligent laborer in the cause of common schools in Ohio, and was prominent as a leader of the movement for inaugurating many of the present excellent features of the present common school system. He was agent and "missionary" of the Ohio Teachers' association in 1851-2. In 1853 he was its choice for Slate school commissioner, and in 1854 he was its president.

At the height of his reputation and influence in the cause of general education, he was chosen to the presidency of Kenyon college. Bishop McIlvaine, in his funeral sermon, said of this appointment: "The condition of the college demanded just the qualities for which he was so distinguished -the talent for administration, a very sound judgment, a prompt and firm decision, united with a special drawing of. heart toward young men in the course of their education. All the highest expectations of his administration were more than fulfilled."

Of his entrance into the military service the bishop says: "When the first call of the President of the United States for quotas of volunteer troops from the several States was made, he was the first man in Ohio whose name Governor Dennison received. He did it for an example.

He sought no military distinction. He led to the camp a company of his neighbors, expecting only to be allowed to lead .them in the war. But his talents and character were appreciated, and he was placed in command of the regiment, the order and discipline of which soon became conspicuous, as also did his devotedness to the interest and comfort of his men."

When in June, 1861, the Fourth Ohio was changed from a three months' to a three years' regiment, he was retained as its colonel

His faithfulness in whatever position he was placed, united with his ability to master whatever he chose to learn, made him very soon an able and efficient commander and disciplinarian. He went with his command to western Virginia, where he soon fell a victim to the exposure incident to camp life.

In the beginning of his sickness he could not be prevailed upon to leave camp, saying: "My place is with my men;" but as he grew worse he was removed to Gambier, August 29th, where, amid the scenes of his labors, in the best years of his life, and among his weeping friends, he breathed his last, September 18, 1861. Thus did the country, at the threshold of its great struggle, the State of Ohio, the county of Knox, Kenyon college, and the community, lose one of their brightest ornaments, most noble patriots, and best of men.

General Banning will appear prominently in the narrative as it progresses, but it may be best to give here a brief sketch of his military career, that a better understanding may be had of what follows.

Henry B. Banning, the grandson of the Rev. Anthony Banning, and son of James and Eliza Banning, was born at Banning's Mills, near Mt. Vernon, November 10, 1834.

His mother, an accomplished Christian lady, superintended his early education, and subsequently he attended at the Clinton district school, the Mt. Vernon academy, and Kenyon college.

He remained at Kenyon but a short time, returned to his home and entered the office of Hosmer, Curtis, & Devin as a law student, and was admitted to the bar. When the war broke out he had acquired a good reputation as a lawyer, and was doing a good business in Mt. Vernon. In politics he was a Douglas Democrat.

His connection with the first call for troops has already been mentioned. In June, 1861, when the Fourth Ohio was reorganized for the three years' service, Captain Banning was re-elected captain of his company.

At this time Governor Dennison offered him a majority, in another regiment, but he declined it, saying his experience and military knowledge would not justify him in accepting the promotion.

He served with his company until the spring of 1862, taking part in the battles of Rich Mountain, Romney, Blue Gap (where his company captured a stand of rebel colors), Winchester and Cross Keys.

290 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

Upon the recommendation of General Shields, Governor Tod appointed him major of the Fiftysecond Ohio. When he arrived at Columbus the regiment had gone to the field, and he was placed in command of the Eighty-seventh Ohio, a three months' regiment. At the expiration of the time of the Eighty-seventh, he was made lieutenant colonel of the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth, with which he served until the spring of 1863. He was then transferred to and made colonel of the One Hundred and Twenty-first regiment, upon the petition of all the officers of the regiment. He spent about two months drilling and disciplining this regiment, which had been taken into the battle of Perryville, in the summer of 1;862, without discipline or drill, and armed with unserviceable arms, had won no enviable reputation. During this time he made it one of the best drilled and best disciplined regiments in the reserve corps of the army of the Cumberland. The glorious record of this regiment is given in full in another place in this work. Colonel Banning retained command of the One Hundred and Twenty-first during the Atlanta campaign, being at the battle of Buzzard's Roost, Resaca, Rome, Kenesaw Mountain, Dallas, Peachtree Creek, and Jonesborough, as well as in many hard skirmishes, After the fall of Atlanta General Jefferson C. Davis, the commander of the Fourteenth corps, in his official report, recommended Colonel Banning for promotion to brevet brigadier general, for gallant and meritorious service during the Atlanta campaign. General George H. Thom- endorsed this recommendation and the brevet was issued.

In the battle of Nashville he served with his old commander, General James B. Steadman, where he distinguished himself, and was brevetted major general.

General Banning was placed in command of the One Hundred and Ninety-fifth regiment and served in the valley of Virginia in the spring and summer of 1865. He commanded the post of Alexandria, Virginia, until December, 1865, when he was mustered out of the service to take his seat as a member of the Ohio legislature to which he had been elected from this county.

General Banning's promotions were all fairly won upon the battle-field, and his military record, by the testimony of those who served under him is worthy of all praise.

The Fourth Ohio regiment was organized at Camp Jackson, Columbus,, April 25, 1861;. Onthe second of May the regiment moved to Camp Dennison, and on the fourth of the same month was mustered into the three months' service by Captain (afterwards major general) Gordon Granger, United States army. A few days thereafter the President's call for three years' men was made public, whereupon the majority of the men signified their willingness to enter the service for that period, and it was mustered in for three years, dating from June 5, 1861. The men, however, did not all enlist for three years, and Captains Banning and Carpenter; Lieutenants Lippitt and Gilman, and Sergeants Haller and Hill returned to Mount Vernon on recruiting service. Upon the reorganization for three years' service company A was officered as follows; Leonard W. Carpenter, captain; Foster A Coates, first lietenant, and Israel Underwood,- second lieutenant. Company B, Henry B. Banning, captain; John Green, first lieutenant, and A W. Lippitt, second lieutenant. Lieutenant Underwood was subsequently transferred to the quartermaster's department.

The following are the muster-out rolls of companies A and B, Fourth Ohio regiment, mustered into theservice June 5, 1861: *

COMPANY A.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Leonard W. Carpenter, June 5, '61.

Captain John Green.

Captain John R. Pritchard, July 28, '63.

First Lieutenant Foster A. Coates, June 5, '61.

First Lieutenant Samuel L. Brearly.

First Lieutenant William Welsh, December 14, '62.

Second Lieutenant Israel Underwood, Junes, '61.

Second Lieutenant Algernon Gilliam.

Second Lieutenant William F. Lynch, February 17, '63.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant Allen Ingram, June 3, '61.

Sergeant John B. Wolverton, June 3, '61.

Sergeant John Roberts, June 3, '61.

Sergeant Homer G. McClelland, June 5, '61.

Sergeant John C. Dowling, June 3, '61.

Sergeant George O. Hill, June 5,'61.

Sergeant Isaiah C. Long, June 5, '61.

Sergeant James M. Haller, June 5, '61.

* These rolls were copied from muster-out rolls, and include those that were transferred, discharged, killed, died, and deserted, during the time the companies were in service.

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 291

Sergeant James N. McGiffin, June 5, '61.

Sergeant Joseph W. Watkins, June 10, '61.

Corporal Henry G. Pollock, June 5, '61.

Corporal S. Rogers, June 5, '61.

Corporal Bernard Griffis, June 5, '61.

Corporal Jacob B. Brown, June 5, '61.

Corporal Jay D. Cooper, June 5, '61.

Corporal Samuel W. Magill, June 5, '61.

Corporal Henry P. Pyle, June 5, '61.

PRIVATES.

Bigbee, Robert E., June 5, '61.

Bell, Josiah G., Junes, '61.

Bronscombe. William, June 3, '61.

Bendle, William, June 5, '61.

Brollier, Williard J., June 5. '61.

Blue, Alexander V. R., June 5, '61.

Browning, George E., June 5, '61.

Briggs, John, June 5, '61.

Bunn, Addison S., June 5, '61.

Crawford, Henry, June 3, '61.

Cummins, James M., June 3, '61.

Church, Benjamin D., June 5, '61.

Corder, Elias, June 3, '61.

Church, Stephen D., June 5, '61.

Davy, Isaac, June 5, '61.

Discon, Thomas, June 5, '61.

Degrote, George H., June 5, '61.

Eggleston, Admiron, June 5, '61.

Erion, Jacob, June 5, '61.

Foss, Jefferson, June 5, '61.

Furlong, William D., June 5, '61.

Grimwood, William J., June 5, '61.

Gates, Lewis, April 1, '61.

Glaze, Columbus D., June 5, '61.

Hall, Richard A., June 6, '61.

Hull, James W., June 5, '61.

Hollbaugh, Jacob, June 5, '61.

Huntley, Emmons, June 5, '61.

Hargrove, Richard, June 5, '61.

Headington. Murry B., June 5, '61.

Hardin, Cornelius, June 5, '61.

Henry, Daniel J., June 5, '61.

Homer, Benjamin F., June 5, '61.

Hart, Samuel W., September 13, '61.

Jacob, Francis O., June 5, '61.

Kimball, Robert, June 5, '61.

Knode, Oliver C., June 5, '61.

Kerr, Robert W., June 5, '61.

Lawton, Austin. June 5, '61.

Langham, Alexander, June 5, '61.

Lybarger, George H., June 10, '61.

Logsdon, J. W., June 5, '61.

Minor, Benjamin D., June 3, '61.

Morris, William H., June 3, '61.

Mahaffey, Joseph, June 3, '61.

McKenzie, John L., October 19, '61.

McDowell, William E., June 5, '61.

Murphy, Marshall, June 5, '61.

McKenzie, William F., October 19, '61.

McGugin, William, June 3, '61.

McKenzie, Joseph C., June 3, '61.

Miller, Edward, June 5, '61.

McKenzie, Caleb, June 3, '61.

Montes, John, June 3, '61.

Nealy, William, February 8, '61.

O'Neal, Thomas J., June 5, '61.

O'Neal, John K., June 5, '61.

Pancost, Ohio, June 3, '61.

Phifer, Leroy, August 22, '61.

Peaks, John F., August 17, '61.

Parks, John L., June 5, '61.

Phifer, James W., June 5, '61.

Phifer, Eleazer P., June 5, '61.

Phillips, Emanuel, June 5, '61.

Powers, James L., February 2, '64.

Robinson, Thomas, June 5, '61.

Roberts, Thomas, June 5, '61.

Runyan, Charles H ,June 5, '61.

Russell, William, Tune 3, '61.

Scott, Thomas, June 5, '61.

Shalp, Thomas, June 5, '61.

Seacord, William, June 5, '61.

Smith, Henry, August 22, '61.

Thompson, Randall, June 3, '61.

Thompson, William H., June 5, '61.

Taylor, Adam H., June 5, '61.

Ward. Byron W., June 5, '61.

Welshymer, William. June 5, '61.

Whitworth, John T., June 5, '61.

Welsh, Zephaniah B., June 5, '61.

Wallace, Alfred B., August 22, '64.

White, John W., June 5, '61.

Yager, Joseph, June 5, '61.

Addler, Moses, June 5, '61.

COMPANY B.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Henry B. Banning. June 1, '61,

Captain John S. Jones, July 1, '62.

First Lieutenant John Green, June 1, '61.

First Lieutenant Bradford R. Durfee, June 6, '61.

First Lieutenant Israel Underwood, January 9, '62.

First Lieutenant William T. Patton, August 21, '62.

Second Lieutenant Abraham W. Lippett, June 1, '61.

Second Lieutenant George Brophy, February 23, '63.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant John Chander, June 1, '61.

Sergeant William T. Hart, June 1, 61.

Sergeant William White, June 5, '61.

Sergeant William Poland, June 5, '61.

Sergeant William H. Remmington, June 1, '61.

Sergeant William T. Patton, June 1, '61.

Sergeant George D. Bergen, June 1, '61.

Sergeant John M. Dunlap, June 1, '61.

Corporal Byron W. Evans, June 1, '61.

Sergeant John W. Gillespie, June 1, '61.

Sergeant Daniel A. Stinger, June 1, '61.

Sergeant Squire C. Young, June 1, '61.

Corporal John Conley, June 1, '61.

Corporal Archibald Scott, June 5, '61.

Corporal William Jones, June 5, '61.

Corporal Isaiah Kemball, June 5, '61.

292 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

Corporal Dewalt Fulmer, June 1, '61.

Corporal John Debolt, June 5, '61.

Corporal Henry B. Gordon, June 1, '61.

Corporal Jesse Simms, June 5, '61,

Corporal Albert Barnes, June 5, '61.

Corporal Charles Bergen, June 5, '61.

Corporal Bryant M. Murphy, October 14, '61.

PRIVATES.

Alson, John, June 1, '61.

Armstrong, James, February 23, '64.

Ball, Plinney, June 5, '61,

Booze, Andrew J., June 5, '61.

Barnes, George W., June 5, '61

Beach, Franklin B., June 5, '61.

Barker, William H., June 5, '61.

Barnes, William T., June 5, '61.

Brown Henry D., June 5, '61.

Bush, Charles H., June 1, '61.

Beckholt, William, June 5, '61.

Beardsley, William, June 5, '61.

Barber, Aquilla, June 5, '61.

Boley, Jacob, June 5, '61.

Barker Joseph M., October 14, '61.

Clayton, Thomas C., June 1, '61.

Craven James W., June 5, '61.

Cassiday, Edward, June 5, '61.

Case, Wilbur, June 5, '61.

Craven, Malon T., June 5, '61.

Cline, John M., June 5, '61.

Covella, Alfred, June 1, '61.

Colgin, Frank, June 5, '61.

Clayton, Nelson E., December 25, '61.

Davis, William, June 5, '61.

Davis, John W., June 5, '61.

Dunn, Michael, August 22, '63.

Earl, Samuel, June 1. '61.

Evens, Andrew, March 31, '61.

Fletcher, Jacob, June 1, '61.

Fry, Martin, June 5, '61.

Foot, Burnley, June 5, '61.

Glasscock, Valentine, June 1, '61.

Galbreath, George W., October 12, '61.

Graft, Henry, June 1, '61.

Graham, Archie, February 19, '62.

Hutchison, Leander, June 5, '61.

Hunt, Milton, June 5, '61.

Hooler, Jacob, June 5, '61.

Hull, Joseph, August 20, '61.

Herrington, J. W., June 5, '61.

Hoye, William, June 5, '61.

Johnson, William, June 5, '61.

Jackson, William, June 5, '61.

Jewels, Lewis, February 22. '61.

Kile, William, June 5, '61.

Lyons, Albert, June 5, '61.

Lucas, Elisha, June 5, '61.

Litsenburgh, George, June 5, '61.

Kibler, Joseph, June 5, '61.

Mantonya, Alonzo M., June 5, '61.

Morey, Loring, June 5, '61.

McCune, Thomas, June 5, '61.

McDonald, Ronald, June 5, '61.

Myers, David, Junes, '61.

Millhoon, Gustavus, June 5, '61.

McHorton, Francis, June 5, '61.

Michaels, George, October 12, '61.

Niscon, William, June 5, '61.

Parks, Gilbert M., June 1, '61.

Patterson, Hutchison, October 15, '61.

Pritchard, William T., February 20, '64.

Pay, William, January 5, '61.

Pinkerton, Benjamin, January 5, '61.

Ross, Jacob, February 20, '64.

Russell, Thomas J., March 31, '64.

Robinson, Henry H.. June 5, 1861.

(All the remainder of the list - enlisted June 5, 1861)

Robinson, Phillip,

Rial, John,

Rockwell, William,

Rockwell, Lewis,

Rowley, Simon,

Stoughton, Omar,

Stump, James B.,

Shafer, B. F.,

Shank, T. L.,

Shaffer, Thomas H.,

Sebring, Robert,

Seymore, Henry S.,

Shipp, William,

Stinger, Daniel A.,

Shafer, A. H.,

Sanford, Josiah H.,

Sapp, Joseph R.,

Shafer, Isaac,

Shaffer, Layman,

Seymore, Charles F.,

Stephens, William,

Smith, Charles,

Sargent, George H.,

Trimble, Thomas E.,

Taylor, Hezekiah

Updyke, Edgar,

Van Vorhes, W. O..

Wilcox, Edward,

Wilcox, George,

Waldron, Lucas,

Worley, Douglass,

June 25, 1861, the regiment left Camp Dennison for Western Virginia, arriving at Grafton on the twenty-third, moving through Clarksburgh and Buchannan, it arrived at Rich Mountain on the ninth of July, but did not participate actively in that engagement, being held as a support for the skirmishers.

On the twelfth of July the regiment joined in the pursuit of the enemy, going to Beverly, Virginia, where it went into camp and rested for a day. On the thirteenth six companies of the regiment under Colonel Andrews moved with the main column of General McClelland's forces to Huttons-

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 293

ville. The other four companies under Lieutenant Colonel Cantwell, remained at Beverly in charge of six hundred rebel prisoners until they were paroled. On the fourteenth the six companies moved to the summit of Cheat mountain, but on the sixteenth returned to Beverly, where they remained until the twenty-third, when they took the cars for New Creek, arriving there July 28th On the seventh of August they marched to Pendleton, Maryland.

The first skirmish with the rebels in which either of the Mt. Vernon companies was engaged, was at Petersburgh, Virginia, September 7, 1861. News having reached their camp at Pendleton, that a force of the enemy was at Petersburgh, companies A, F, and K, were detached under Major Godman with orders to attack the rebels. The detachment left camp about one o'clock at night, and when about three miles out, had a skirmish with a rebel outpost. At Petersburgh they met a very superior force of the enemy, and Major Godman fell back until reenforced, when he again advanced and drove the enemy from the place, capturing a large quantity of provisions, animals, and some prisoners. One man, only, was wounded in this affair. Their next skirmish was at Romney, Virginia, September 24, 1861. Lieutenant Colonel Cantwell with six companies of the regiment, including companies A and B, one piece of artillery, seventy-five of Ringold's cavalry and about four hundred of the Eighth Ohio under Colonel Parke, moved against this place, driving the enemy from a strong position at Mechanicsburgh Gap, and advancing on Romney drove the enemy before him with a loss of thirty-two men wounded.

Colonel Andrews having died at his. home in Gambier, Captain John S. Mason, of the United States regulars, was appointed colonel of the regiment, and took command , October fourteenth. This appointment was not, at first, satisfactory to the regiment, but Colonel Mason proved himself a brave and able officer, and soon became a very acceptable commander. He remained with the regiment until after the battle at Fredericksburgh, when his health failing, he was compelled to withdraw from active service.

October 25th the Fourth Ohio marched to New Creek, Virginia, where it joined General Kelly's command, and on the next day moved to Romney. The rebels were again driven from that place and all their baggage, two pieces of artillery and a number of prisoners captured. After this affair Lieutenant Colonel Cantwell was promoted to colonel and transferred to the Eighty-second regiment, and was killed while gallantly leading his men in one of the battles on the Rappahannock, August 29, 1862.

Romney was occupied until January 7, 1862, when the regiment under Colonel Mason moved on the rebels at Blue's Gap, sixteen miles from Romney, surprised and drove them from a fortified position, capturing all their camp equippage and two pieces of artillery.

Romney was evacuated January 10th, and the regiment transferred to Patterson's creek, on the north branch of the Potomac; and thence, February 9th, to Pawpaw tunnel on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. March 1st the regiment moved toward Winchester under Brigadier General Lander, but, hearing of his death the next day, it returned to Pawpaw tunnel, remaining there until March 7th. On that day it took the cars for Martinsburgh, and arrived there on the ninth. On the eleventh it moved toward Winchester, to find on its arrival that the enemy had vacated it the day previous.

Making Winchester its base, detachments of the regiment were sent out in different directions until the night of March 23d, when it was reassembled at Winchester, and on the twenty-fourth started in pursuit of Stonewall Jackson, who had been defeated at Kernstown on the day previous. The enemy was pursued as far as Strasburgh, where the regiment remained until the night of March 30th, when it moved to Edenburgh, in the valley. April 17th the regiment again moved to New Market, skirmishing by the way. On the twenty-seventh it moved to Moore's farm, five miles from Harrisonburgh, where it remained in Camp until May 9th, when it again returned to New Market.

On the twelfth of May the regiment marched via Luray, Front Royal, Chester Gap, Warrenton, and Catlett's Station, for Fredricksburgh, Virginia, to join McDowell's corps, arriving there May 22d. The next day the regiment was ordered back to the valley via Manassas Junction. It reached Front Royal on the thirtieth, drove the enemy from that

294 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

place, and captured a large quantity of amunition, supplies, and a number of prisoners. On the third of June it moved toward Luray, reaching that place on the seventh. From this point a forced march was made by the brigade for Port Republic, reaching there in time to cover the retreat of the National forces.

It was during this month that Captain Banning was made colonel of the eighty-seventh. His old company (B) passed appropriate resolutions, and presented him with a saddle and bridle and a pair of revolvers.

After marching and counter-marching around Luray and Front Royal until the twenty-ninth of June, the regiment went by rail to Alexandria, from whence it embarked for the Peninsula, arriving at Harrison's Landing on the first of July. It remain ed at this place until August 15th, and was the last regiment to leave Harrison's Landing on its evacuation by the army of the Potomac.

It marched via Charles City Court House, Williamsburgh, and Yorktown to Newport News, and on the twenty-fourth of August embarked for Aquia Creek and Alexandria, reaching the latter place August 27th. On the twenty-ninth the regiment marched to Centerville, and -on the first of September returned to Fairfax Court House. On the second it marched to Fort Gaines, District Columbia, and from thence to Harper's Ferry via the Baltimore & Ohio railroad. On the first of October the regiment marched to Leesburgh via Waterford, returning to Harper's Ferry on the second. On the fourth it marched to Halltown, coming back to Harper's Ferry on the sixth. October 30th the regiment broke camp and crossed the Shenandoah. November 1st it marched to Gregory's gap, thence through Smucker's and Ashby's gaps to Rectortown and Richmond; thence to Salem, Warrenton, and Fremont, Virginia, where it remained in camp until the twelfth of September, at which time, under command of Colonel Mason, it crossed the Rapidan into Fredericksburgh, and was thrown to the front as skirmishers, holding that position until the next day, December 13th, when the desperate charge was made through the streets of Fredericksburgh. It received the first fire of the rebel artillery on the right of the National line. This was a desperate and bloody battle for the Fourth Ohio, and its losses were very severe; five officers and forty-three enlisted men, out of one hundred and fifteen engaged, were either killed or wounded. The regiment re-crossed the river in the night, with the retreat of the National forces, and occupied its old camp at Falmouth.

The regiment continued in camp at Falmouth until April 28th, when it participated in Hooker's remarkable movement on Chancellorsville. On the third of May the regiment engaged the enemy, and captured one stand of colors and over one hundred prisoners, among whom were nine commissioned officers. It lost in killed and wounded seventy-eight out of three hundred and fifty-two engaged. On the sixth of May the regiment moved back to their old camp at Falmouth.

In this severe battle (Chancellorsville) the losses in company A were Charles A. Runyan, killed; Bernard Griffis, Austen Lawton, Byron Ward, Francis O. Jacobs and Robert Kimball, wounded. In company B Thomas Shaffer, killed; Gilbert M. Parks, George Wilcox, Plinney Ball, Valentine Glasscock, George H. Sargents, Archibald Scott, George Michaels, O. L. Stoughton and F. G. Beach, wounded.

June 14th the line of march was resumed toward Pennsylvania, in consequence of the rebel army under Lee having invaded that State. Gainesville, Virginia, was reached on the twentieth, when a halt was made until the twenty-fifth. The next day the Potomac was crossed at Edward's Ferry, and, passing through Frederick, Uniontown was reached on the twentieth, and Gettysburgh, Pennsylvania, on the first of July, where the regiment took part in that great battle. It was one of the three regiments that drove the rebels from Cemetery Hill, after they had driven part of the Eleventh corps from the field, and had gained possession of two of our batteries. Generals Hancock, Howard and Gibbon, and other prominent generals witnessed this charge and gave it their highest commendation. The Fourth Ohio lost in this engagement three commissioned officers and thirty-four enlisted men killed and wounded.

After the battle the regiment with its brigade and division marched in pursuit of the flying rebels, passing through Frederick City; and thence through Crampton's gap of the South mountain,

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 295

crossing the Potomac at Harper's Ferry, July 18th, marching through Smucker's gap, Woodbury, Bloomfield, and Upperville, to Markham and Manassas gap; thence to Salem and White Plains, Warrenton Junction, Elk Run, Kelley's ford on the Rappahannock, returning to Elk Run on the first of August. Here it remained until the sixteenth of August, when it moved to Bealton Station, and took the cars for Alexandria, Virginia. On the twentieth of August the regiment embarked for New York, arriving in that city on the twenty-third. The riotous spirit prevailing in that city having subsided, the troops were removed, and on the twenty-sixth of August the Fourth moved to Jamaica, Long Island, near the city, in order that they might be on hand in case of further outbreak.

September 6th the regiment took passage at New York for Alexandria, Virginia, arriving there on the eleventh. Again a series of marches commenced, embracing Fairfax Court House, Bristoe Station, Bealton, Brandy Station, Cedar Mountain and Robinson's run, arriving at the latter place on the seventeenth of September, and remaining until October 6th. It then moved to Culpeper Court House; thence to Bealton Station; thence to Auburn; thence to Bristoe Station, where it had a skirmish with the enemy. After this came another series of marches in a circle until, on the twenty-sixth of September, the regiment crossed the Rapidan at Germania ford, and on the twenty-seventh, at Robinson's Cross Roads, it had a brisk skirmish with the enemy, with a loss of twenty-eight men killed and wounded. On the first of December the regiment went into winter quarters near Stevensburgh, Virginia.

February 6th, the regiment moved to Morton's ford on the Rapidan, crossed the river, had a skirmish with the enemy, and lost seventeen men wounded; re-crossed the river on the seventh, and returned to camp near Stevensburgh, Virginia, where it remained until the latter part of August, when it removed with the forces of General Grant, participating in the skirmishes and engagements of that arduous campaign, until in the early part of September, the term of enlistment of the. main part of the regiment having expired, it was mustered out of the service as a regiment. Those who had re-enlisted as veterans were retained and organized into a battalion, called the Fourth Ohio battalion. This remainder of the Fourth was placed on duty in and around Washington city, and continued in that locality until the final muster out during the closing scenes of the war.

The Fourth marched one thousand nine hundred and seventy-five miles, and travelled by railroad and transport two thousand two hundred and neventy-nine miles, making an aggregate of four thousand two hundred and fifty-four miles travelled. Throughout its career it maintained its efficiency, discipline and good conduct on every battle-field.

A Columbus paper of June 14, 1864, says:

This old and gallant regiment (the Fourth Ohio), or rather what is left of it, arrived in this city Saturday night under command of Colonel L. W. Carpenter. It has done good and noble service for the country. In the battles in which this regiment was engaged prior to General Grant taking command of the army, it had dwindled down to tour hundred men. In the last battles they were in (Grant's campaign in '64) they went in with three hundred men, and came out with just ninety-one, and part of these wounded.

The few battle-scarred veterans that entered Mt. Vernon in June, 1864-the remnant of the two full companies of bright, vigorous, noble young men that marched away from here more than three years before were tendered a reception by the ladies of Mt Vernon. At the banquet which followed, speeches were made by Hon. Columbus Delano and other citizens; but no words can adequately portray the sadness caused by the thought that these were the last of that noble band. The remainder of the Fourth Ohio (Fourth Ohio battalion) was mustered out in January, 1866.

Upon the return of the first remnant of the regiment in June, 1864, the battle flag of the Fourth Ohio was turned over to Governor Brough by Captain George F. Laird. The following inscriptions were placed upon it:

Romney, Blue's Gap, Front Royal. Harrison's Landing, Fredericksburgh, Chancellorsville, Gettysburgh, Bristoe, Mine Run, Norton's Ford, The Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Po River, North Anna River, Prospect Hill. and Cold Harbor.

The following is a roster of the Knox county officers of companies A and B, Fourth Ohio regiment, with date of muster into service.

COMPANY A.

Captain James C:. Irvine, April 27, '61; three months service

Captain Leonard W. Carpenter, June 4, '61; promoted to major.

296 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

Captain Foster A. Coats, June 11, '62; honorably discharged October 15, '62.

First Lieutenant Foster A. Coats, June 4, '61; promoted to captain.

First Lieutenant William Welch, December 7, '62; promoted to captain.

First Lieutenant George Orville Hill, January 10, '63; honorably discharged November 28, '63.

Second Lieutenant George Orville Hill, December 7, '62; promoted to first lieutenant.

Second Lieutenant William F. Lynch, January 7,'62; resigned.

COMPANY B.

Captain Henry B. Banning, April 20, '61; tbree months' service.

Captain Henry $. Banning, June 1, '61; promoted.

Captain John Green, June 1, '62; promoted April 17, '63.

Captain Israel Underwood, November 6, '62; declined promotion-made quartermaster.

First Lieutenant John Green, June 4, '61; promoted to captain June 11, '62.

First Lieutenant Israel Underwood January 9, '62; made quartermaster.

First Lieutenant A. W. Lippett, January 9, '62; died December 26, '62.

First Lieutenant William T. Patten, August 31, '62; mustered out.

First Lieutenant George Brophy, March 1, '63; mustered out.

First Lieutenant John Dunlap, April 1, '63; commission revoked.

Second Lieutenant Israel Underwood, June 4, '61; promoted to first lieutenant.

Second Lieutenant A. W. Lippett, June 4, '61; promoted to first lieutenant.

Second Lieutenant William T. Patten, January 9, '62; promoted to first lieutenant.

Second Lieutenant Joseph Watkins, January 1, '63; mustered out.

CHAPTER XXXIII.

WAR OF THE REBELLION.-CONTINUED.

COMPANIES A, E, AND G, TWENTIETH OHIO REGIMENT-

ORGANIZATION OF THREE COMPANIES IN KNOX COUNTY-

ROSTER OF THE OFFICERS AND MUSTER ROLLS OF COM-

PANIES-EXPEDITION TO WARSAW, KENTUCKY-OPERA-

TIONS OFTHE REGIMENT DURING THE WAR, MUSTER-OUT

AND RETURN -INSCRIPTIONS ON ITS BANNERS-MEDALS

AWARDED.

THE Twentieth Ohio volunteer infantry was organized in the spring of 1861, and entered the three months' service, but as Knox county was not represented in this regiment at that time, it is not within the province of this chapter to speak o that service.

Upon the reorganization of the regiment for the three years' service, during the first days of October, 1861, more than three companies from this county were attached to it. Companies A, E, and G, were nearly all from this county; also a part of company I, and a few others from the county were scattered through other companies of the regiment.

Company A was recruited partly in Chesterville and vicinity, and partly in Fredericktown and vicinity, by Dr. Elisha Hiatt of the former place, who became captain, and William Rogers and L. N. Ayres, of Fredericktown, who became first and second lieutenants, respectively. The company numbered one hundred and thirteen men. The surplus was subsequently attached to company I,

About the same time (August, 1861), George Rogers, of Mount Vernon, and John N. Cassell, of Fredericktown, began recruiting, and soon had about one hundred men each. Captain Cassel was very materially assisted in recruiting his company by Nathan Bostwick, who subsequently became second lieutenant of the company.

Dr. Hiatt's company was presented with a beautiful silk flag by the ladies of Fredericktown, upon its departure from that place. These two companies rendezvoused at Camp Chase late in September, 1861; and soon after were sent to Camp King, near Covington, Kentucky, where, on the twenty-first of October, the regiment was organized.

This regiment was fortunate in having some of the very best officers in the service, and it became, in consequence, one of the most efficient. Charles Whittlesey, its colonel, was a West Point graduate, an eminent engineer, geologist, and student. Its lieutenant colonel, Manning F. Force, was a lawyer of Cincinnati, a gentleman, a scholar, a soldier, and subsequently became brigadier general.

Following is a roster of the officers from Knox county in this regiment, and the muster rolls of companies A, E, and G, with the date of muster into service:

COMPANY A.

Captain Elisha Hiatt, September 3, 1861; resigned February 22, 1862.

Captain William Rogers, February 9, 1862; resigned April 26, 1862.

Captain Lyman N. Ayres, November 14, 1862; mustered out December 18, 1864.

First Lieutenant William Rogers, September 3, 1861; promoted to captain.

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 297

First Lieutenant Lyman N. Ayres, Febntary 22, 1862; promoted to captain.

First Lieutenant John G. Stevenson, April 20, 1863; mustered out December 18,1864.

Second Lieutenant Lyman N. Ayers, September 3, 1861; promoted to first lieutenant February 22, 1862.

COMPANY E.

Captain George Rogers, September 4, 1861; resigned February 16, 1863; subsequently colonel of Fourth United States colored regiment.

Captain W. H. Jacobs, April 19, 1863; mustered out November 5, 1865.

First Lieutenant Benjamin A. F. Greer, September 4, 1861; promoted to captain company B.

First Lieutenant William H. Jacobs. April 19, 1862; promoted to captain.

First Lieutenant George Thoma, June 11, 1865; mustered out with the regiment.

Second Lieutenant William H. Jacobs, September 10, 1861; promoted to first lieutenant.

Second Lieutenant John G. Stevenson, January 28, 1863; promoted to first lieutenant and quartermaster.

COMPANY G.

Captain John N. Cassell, September 4, 1861; resigned January 5, 1863.

Captain George L. Mellick, December 3, 1862; died October 20, 1863.

Captain Nathan Bostwick, January 1, 1864; promoted major

Captain Samuel J. Hasler, January 6, '65; declined promotion.

Captain Joshua Clark, January 11, 1865; mustered out with regiment.

First Lieutenant George L. Mellick, September 7, 1861; promoted to captain.

First Lieutenant Nathan Bostwick, April 24, 1862; promoted to captain.

First Lieutenant Samuel J. Hasler, April 20, 1863; mustered out.

First Lieutenant Jesse L. Felt, June 11, 1865; mustered out with regiment.

Second Lieutenant Nathan Bostwick, October 18, 1861; promoted to first lieutenant.

Second lieutenant Samuel J. Hasler, April 8, 1863; promoted to first lieutenant.

COMPANY I.

Captain W. L. Waddell, April 22, 1864; mustered out with regiment.

First Lieutenant N. C. Waddell, December 3, 1862; promoted to captain.

First Lieutenant William L. Barrington, June 11, 1865; promoted to captain.

Second Lieutenant N. L. Waddell, February 11, 1862; promoted to first lieutenant.

Second Lieutenant William Rush, December 3, 1862; promoted to first lieutenant.

Muster roll of company A, Twentieth Ohio regiment, mustered into service September 14, 1861:

(All men enlisted September 3, 1861)

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Elisha Hiatt, date of enlistment September 3, 1861.

First Lieutenant William Rogers, " "

Second Lieutenant, Lyman N. Ayres, " "

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant Peter Weatherby,

Sergeant William W. McCracken,

Sergeant John B. Aringdah,

Sergeant Christian W. McCracken,

Sergeant Charles H. Dalrymple,

Corporal Abner P. Lefever,

Corporal James E. McCracken,

Corporal William A. Brown,

Corporal Russel B. Conant,

Corporal William B. McMahon,

Corporal Isaac Cassell,

Corporal William Allison,

Corporal Andrew J. Strong,

Wagoner, Aaron V. Lambert,

PRIVATES.

Allen, Ira B., date of enlistment, September 3, 1861.

Ayres, Van B.,

Bryant, Mitchel,

Barry, Edwin,

Blackburn, William,

Berkholder, Henry C.,

Ball, James W.,

Brown, Thomas,

Bird, Charles E.,

Bailey, Thomas E.,

Brocaw, Abram,

Brollies, Jacob.

Blackburn, Wilbur,

Chancey, Corryden,

Crill, William,

Couter, Jacob,

Condon, John T.,

Carpenter, Joseph,

Cassell, Levi,

Clink, James,

Colony, Erastus,

Dyer, Archibald,

Devoe, Edward,

Dunn, David H.,

Davis, Arnold,

Ebersole, George W.,

Everts, Levi B.,

Foot, Wilber,

Fogle, Robert M.,

Gibson, A.,

Gallagher, Caleb W.,

Gordon, Joseph,

Hawk, John R.,

Hotchkiss, Charles W.,

Howe, Joel,

Harris, Daniel,

Harris, Ephraim,

Hobbs, Madison,

Hartwell, Oliver C.,

Haden, Joseph,

Isenbarg, Jacob,

Jones, Henry G.,

James, David B.,

Johnson, James H.,

Johnson, Jesse,

298 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

Kinney, W. H., date of enlistment, September 3, 1861.

Lidderdale, William,

Lion, Baker W.,

Lambert, Curtis J.,

Melick, Jesse,

McGaughey, Alexander L.,

Miller, Absalom,

Miller, James L,

Needles, Alexander I.,

Pollock, John,

Pollock, Edwin W.,

Pears, John S.,

Royce, James M.,

Rigby, Lucian,

Runyan, Johnson J.,

Rigby, Major,

Runyan, Malan T.,

Ransom, Gavin M.,

Randall, John D.,

Rowley, Artemus C.,

States, Benjamin F.,

Skillman, Abram,

Sams, Joseph,

Seely, Andrew J.,

Swaney, James,

Thrift, Thomas B.,

Turner, John M.,

Trump, George M.,

Taylor, Samuel,

Weider, Adam C.,

Walker, Benjamin F.,

Walters, John W.,

Wensel, Aaron L.,

Wright, Lester,

Winterbottom, Edward S.,

Waterfall, Samuel,

Whitney, Milton,

Muster roll of company E, Twentieth Ohio regiment, mustered into the service October 15, 1861:

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain George Rogers, September 4, 1861.

First Lieutenant Benjamin A. F. Greer, September 4, '61.

Second Lieutenant William H. Jacobs, September l0, '61.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER.

First Sergeant Selby Byron, September 4, '61.

PRIVATES.

Atherton, William, October 1, '61.

Ashton, Silas, October 14, '61.

Beaver, Morgan, September 20, '61.

Bigbee, William, September 20, '61.

Baker, Leroy C., October 1, '61.

Bennett, John B., September 19, '61.

Bumpus, Alexander, October 1, '61.

Boyd, George, October 14, '61.

Canavan, John, September 16, '61.

Clark, William H., September 20, '61.

Coram, John, October 1, '61.

Davis, Henry M., September 6, '61.

Dudew, Daniel, September 6, '61.

Dowds, Elijah P., September 20, '61.

Elder, Frank, October 1, '61.

Elder, Clifford O., October 10, '61.

Felt, Jesse S., October 20, '61.

Frazier, Abram, September 20, '61.

Fowler, John, September 30, '61.

Fiddler. Charles, October 5, '61.

Farnham, E. B., October 12, '61.

Hersch, Peter, September 20, '61.

Hagarman, Amos, September 20, '61.

Hartsook, Engelbert, September 20, '61.

Hogland, Solomon, October 10, '61.

Jones, George B., October 1, '61.

Kelley, Caleb J. McN., October 1, '61.

Knox, Edward, October 15, '61.

Kenzie, William, September 20, '61.

Knox, Charles, October 1, '61.

Ligget, Thomas, September 20, '61.

Lee, Alexander, September 20, '61. ]

Lafever, William P., September, 20, '61.

Long, George M., October 15, '61.

Linstead, Henry, October 15, '61.

Miller, William H. H., October 1, '61.

McClerg, Albert, September 20, '61.

McKee, Squire, September 20, '61.

McMahan, Joseph, October 1, '61.

Miller, Hiram W., October 1, '61.

Mowry, David, October 5, '61.

Norick, Lot, September 20, '61.

Oldroid, Osbern H., October 15, '61.

Oury, Silas, October 1, '61.

Oury, George, October 1,'61.

Picard, Richard, October 1, '61.

Robinson, William R., October 1, '61.

Robinson, Alonzo, October 15, '61.

Russell, Cornelius, October 15, '61.

Ross, William, October 5, '61.

Stevenson, John D. Septcmber 4, '61.

Smith, Henry, September 20, '61.

Swales, Charles W., September 20, '61.

Swales, Darius R., September 20, '61.

Smith, Silas, September 20, '61.

Sapp, Napoleon M., September 20, '61.

Speakman, Thomas, September 20, '61.

Sapp, John A., October 1, '61.

Shiner, John H., October 1, '61.

Stull, Philip, October 1, '61.

Stoughton, Nathaniel, October 5, '61.

Shadrack, Oliver K., October 5, '61.

Taylor, William D., October 5, '61.

Tucker, Charles, September 20, '61.

Trott, William, September 20, '61.

Thomas, George, October 1, '61.

Thomas, James, October 15, '61.

Van Buskirk, Johnson, September l0, '61.

Walker, Charles R., September 4, '61.

Workman, Wilson, September 20, '61.

Williams, Henry M., September 4, '61.

Waddle, William L., September 4, '61.

Wiggins, Warren, September 20, '61.

Waltz, Thomas, October 15, '61.

Waddle, James H., October 15, '61.

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 299

Waltz, Obediah, September 20, '61.

Wiggins, John, October 15, '61.

Welker, Simon, October 5, '61.

Yarnell, Thomas, September 20, '61.

'The following is the muster-out roll of company G, Twentieth Ohio regiment, mustered into the service November 18, 1861:

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain John N. Cassell, September 4, 1861.

First Lieutenant George L. Mehick, September 7, '61.

Second Lieutenant Nathan Bostwick, October 18, '61.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant Edwin C. Day, September 10, '61.

Sergeant Samuel H. Davis, September 9, '61.

Sergeant Julius C. Bostwick, October 19, '61.

Sergeant Joshua E. Clark, September 24, '61.

Sergeant Eli C. Hollister, October 21, '61.

Corporal Curtis W. Powell, September 21, '61.

Corporal William S. Phillips, September 9, '61.

Corporal Philip A. Bronscom, September 21, '61.

Corporal George F. Bostwick, November 15, '61.

Corporal William A. Phillips, September 24, '61.

Corporal Caleb Leidey, October 25, '61.

Corporal Charles F. Cochran, September 24, '61.

Corporal Joseph A. Robison, November 4, '61.

PRIVATES.

Arnold, Edwin T., November 4, '61.

Brown, Lewis, September 15, '61.

Barrible, William, September 29, '61.

Batch, William G., September 17, '61.

Bartlett, George V., October 31, '61.

Beardsley, Charles, November 2, '61.

Chambers, Merrett, October 19, '61.

Case, Elisha W., November 1, '61.

Camp, Curtis H., September 9, '61.

Cochran, George M., September 24, '61.

Cochran, Josiah, September 14, '61.

Coffing, John W., September 9, '61.

Darling, John, September 9, '61.

Duncan, George, September 29, '61.

Dunn, David H., October 10, '61.

Dunn, James, September 23, '61.

Davis, Robert, October 10, '61.

Davis, Isaac S., October 25, '61.

Ewers, Thomas G., September 22, '61.

Fry, John D., September 14, '61.

Fox, John, September 9, '61.

Frazier, John, October 10, '61.

Fishburn, Josiah, October 21, '61.

Grimes, James, September 9, '61.

Halter, Newton S., September 21, '61.

Hunt, Richard C., September 14, '61.

Huntsberry, Urius, September 14, '61.

Hirsh, John, November 7, '61.

Hassler, Samuel J., October 21, '61.

Hunt, David, October 25, '61.

Hunt, Leroy, October 21, '61.

Hull, Calvin C., October 19, '61.

Johnson, C. V., September 21, '61.

Lockwood, Henry H., September 14, '61.

Lockwood, Eliakim, September 14, '61.

Lewis, David F., September 14, '61.

Larmer, Henry, September 15, '61.

Larmer, Franklin C., October 19, '61.

Larmer, Robert A., October 19, '61.

Lamson, David M., October 19, '61.

Manson, William C., October 19, '61.

Merihew, John L., September 10, '61.

Manning, S. A., November 7, '61.

Milt, Enoch, September 9, '61.

Newton, William, November 4, '61.

Phillips, Joseph, September 9, '61.

Porter, George, September 27, '61.

Pitkin, John G., October 19, '61.

Poland, Edwin G., November 2, '61.

Ransom, Thomas L., September 9, '61.

Reeder, Aaron M., September 7, '61.

Rolland, Joseph, September 15, '61.

Rush, Ezekiel B., October 19, '61.

Redman, Samuel, November 15, '61.

Smith, Jonathan, October 23, '61.

Smith, William C., October 23, '61.

Smith, Marion S., September 27, '61.

Simon, James H., September 27, '61.

Stilley, Benjamin F., September 17, '61.

Singer, Gilbert, September 27, '61.

Stinmates, Richard, October 21, '61.

Speelman, Lewis, October 18, '61.

Tarr, Alexander B., September 14, '61.

Vance, John, September 10, '61.

Woods, David W., September 14, '61.

Whitman, William H., September 10, '61.

White, Joseph, September 17, '61

White, Romayne, September 27, '61.

Woodward, William W., October 20, '61.

Watson, John, October 23, '61.

During the winter of 1861-2 the regiment was engaged in guarding several batteries in rear of Covington and Newport. Four companies, including companies A and G, were sent during the winter into an insurrectionary district near Warsaw, Kentucky. While on this service company G, Captain Cassell and Lieutenant Bostwick, had the pleasure of organizing and conducting a secret expedition with sixty picked men. They were absent several days,' and succeeded in capturing a score or more noted and influential secessionists and bringing them prisoners to camp, where they were given a fair trial and sent north as prisoners.

On the eleventh of February, 1862, the entire regiment, except company K, embarked on steamers for the Cumberland river.

The Twentieth arrived at Fort Donelson on the evening of February 14th and was under fire to some extent on the fifteenth. It marched to the ex-

300 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

treme right of the army, was placed in reserve, and was compelled to stand the severe test of seeing crowds of stragglers falling back from the front and in being forced to hear their wild reports of disaster and defeat; but notwithstanding these discouragements the regiment passed through its first real battle with no little credit to every man. After the battle the regiment was sent north with the prisoners, and became scattered all over the land. Lieutenant Bostwick, in command of company G, escorted eleven hundred rebel prisoners to St. Louis, from which place, in company with a portion of company C, they escorted all the officers captured at Fort Donelson to Camp Chase, thence to New York and Boston.

The regiment was again brought together in March, and on April 6th while in camp near Adamsville, heard the booming of the guns at Pittsburgh Landing, and at 3 o'clock P. M. of that day they marched to the field, going into position on the right of the army, and passing a comfortless night in the rain. The regiment participated in the next day's battle with considerable loss and is fully entitled to share the glory of the victory. It was commanded during the engagement by Lieutenant Colonel Force, Colonel Whittlesey being in command of a brigade. During the advance on Corinth the Twentieth remained on duty at Pittsburgh Landing. Death and sickness held a carnival in its camp, and it was acustomed to appear on parade with scarcely one hundred men. After the fall of Corinth the regiment moved to Purdy, and there joining its division, marched to Bolivar, where it was left as a part of the garrison on the sixth of June, 1862. August 30, 1862, the rebel General Armstrong with fifteen regiments marching to destroy railroad communications northward, was held in check all day by the Twentieth Ohio, a portion of the Twentyeight Ohio, and two companies of the second Illinois cavalry. The steady fire of the skirmishers of the Twentieth did much toward restraining the enemy from any attack in line.

Late in the afternoon two companies, G and K, of the Twentieth were captured by a cavalry charge, but not until after a desperate fight and the repulse of two previous charges. In this affair company K was commanded by Lieutenant Mellick, Captain Cassell being absent and Lieutenant Bostwick commanding company C. The affair was considered of so much importance that Colonel M. M. Crocker, commanding the post of Bolivar, was promoted to brigadier general to date from the day of the engagement. Colonel Force, Major Fry, Captain Kaga, Adjutant Owens, Lieutenants Ayers, Hill and Mellick, were especially and honorably mentioned in the official report of General Leggett, who commanded the brigade in this battle. The two companies, G and K, which fell into the hands of the enemy were taken to Vicksburgh, and within thirty days were exchanged and returned to the regiment.

The regiment assisted in driving Price from Iuka, on the twentieth of September, and in the engagement between Hurlburt and Price at the crossing of the Hatchie, near Metamora, Tennessee, it arrived on the field at four o'clock P. et. with a wagon train loaded with supplies, having marched twenty-eight miles since ten A. M. The supplies were immediately turned over and the regiment marched in pursuit of the rebels the same night.

During the winter of 1862-3 the regiment marched from place to place, being almost continually on the move, and was attached to the Third division (Logan's), Seventeenth corps.

On the twelfth of May the regiment deployed in advance of the corps as it approached Raymond, Mississippi, and while resting with arms stacked, was fired upon from a dense thicket beyond a small stream. The regiment immediately formed and advanced across the creek, using the bank on the opposite side as a breastwork. For an hour the struggle was severe, and especially so to the Twentieth, as the regiments on the right withdrew their lines a little distance to the rear, and the flank of the Twentieth was exposed to a raking cross fire. Every man stood firm until the line again advanced and the rebels gave way. The regiment lost in this engagement twelve killed and fifty-two wounded.

All the officers of company E were shot down, and Private Canavan of that company was promoted to a sergeantcy on .the spot for skillfully man aging the company during the engagement. Captain Wilson was decorated with the Seventeenth corps medal of honor, in silver, for gallantly assembling his skirmishers under the very muzzles of the

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 301

enemy's guns in the first charge. Wilson was for a time captain of company E. Lieutenant Weatherby of company A, being on the extreme right of the skirmish line with his company, and being cut off from his regiment, assembled his company and reported to the nearest regiment, the Eighty-third Illinois, and fought as a part of that regiment until the end of the battle; when, as the company marched to join its regiment, the Eighty-first showed their appreciation of its services by giving three hearty cheers for the "Twentieth Ohio boys."

The regiment moved on through Clinton, Jackson, Bottom Depot, to Champion hills, where it was early pushed forward to a strong position in a ravine, under such a fire that it was dangerous for a staff officer to approach with orders. Though the adjoining regiments on either flank were pushed back as the enemy moved up in mass, the Twentieth held its ground without wavering till its ammunition was exhausted; it then fixed bayonets and prepared to maintain its position, but the Sixty-eighth Ohio came to its assistance from the reserve and the enemy was driven back.

Crossing the Big Black the regiment reached the rear of Vicksburgh and acted as support to the assaulting party on the twenty-first of May. It then went to work in the saps, mines and trenches.

The following is an extract from a letter written by one of the Twentieth Ohio boys about this time.

Our division is on the main road from Jackson to Vicksburgh, which the rebels have well fortified. The first fort is a large one on the right of the road running into the city; the rear of this fort is open, and some distance beyond are two more forts which command the first one, so that should we succeed in taking the first one we could not hold it. We are digging a ditch ten feet deep and six feet wide to run into the fort and are now within twenty-five feet of their works.

Our men are very much exposed to the fire of their sharp shooters while digging. Company H was out yesterday working on the ditch and had two men shot dead. Our whole regiment was out the other day sharp shooting. Company G fired nine thousand cartridges, but could not tell how many took effect. Our company after dark took a position on the left of the fort, in a hollow, within twenty-five feet of the rebels, and could hear them talking, but we did not shoot, for we were exposed to their fire, and if they found we were there they would soon scatter us. During the night some of the boys of the other companies conversed quite freely with some of the rebels. One called to one of Company H and said "what's the use of firm at a feller what you don't know?" Another said, "we are goin' to have a new general," and when asked who it was he said "general starvation." Seven of the regiment were wounded in this day's work.

May 25th our regiment was out sharp-shooting near the same fort. This was the day the flag of truce came from General Pemberton, asking to be allowed to march out with the honors of war. As soon as the flag was discovered both sides ceased firing, and all mounted the works anxious to see what we had been shooting at. They were equally anxious to see what the Yankees looked like. We talked at a distance for awhile, then met half way and talked for half an hour or more. t he conversation at first was about fathers, brothers, cousins, and friends; and some near relations met and shook hands. Some of the rebels went back and some did not. When the Seventh Missouri, Federal, charged the Sixth Missouri, rebel, fathers, sons and brothers met in deadly conflict.

The confederates offered three dollars in confederate money for three hard crackers, but our boys refused. Toward evening we went back to our rifle-pits, and the rebels to their strongholds. We had orders not to fire until 8:30 that night, and not then unless the rebels commenced. We hoped they would surrender, and watched anxiously for the white flag until 8:30, but were disappointed. The bullets began flying over us as thick as ever, and we opened out with guns from a musket up to a thirty-two pounder.

On the twenty-second there was to be a grand charge by the First brigade, supported by ours. We felt that should we be ordered to charge we should lose one-half or two-thirds our number. The brigades were ordered out, but for some reason the order was countermanded, and we returned to our quarters with very dirty clothes, for we had lain in the road nearly an hour, and the dust was so thick we could aimost cover ourselves with it; We had orders to lie down, and every man was as flat as a pan-cake in a second, for the bullets began to zip, zip, and buzz over our heads as thick as hail stones. In moving out we had one man killed and six wounded in the regiment.

We were under fire from the nineteenth of May to the twenty-eighth, then started, with seven days' rations, with four other brigades under General Blair, to meet Johnston if he could be found. We marched forty-five miles, and returned by way of Yazoo river.

Of our fight at Raymond I presume you have heard. The Illinois boys were given all the praise. Our regiment was the first in the fight. De Golyer's battery was on our right, and we lay in the edge of the woods, when we heard the rebel yell, and knew they were coming down upon us through the woods on a charge. We had orders to take arms and move forward. We moved about fifty feet, when we came to the banks of a stream; the water was knee-deep and banks quite high. We made no halt here, for we could see the rebels coming at us. We crossed the stream and took shelter under the opposite bank just in time, for the rebel line dropped into a ditch about twenty-five feet in front of us. We were not long in giving them some of Lincoln's pills, and they returned Jeff.'s best. We fought them in full sight for an hour and a half, during which time they tried several times to charge our line, but the Twentieth was firm, and although our brave boys were falling fast, we determined to hold the position as long as we had a man left. We felt that the result degended upon our action. If we pave way we would have been slaughtered before we could have re-crossed the creek, and our whole division cut to pieces. After the battle we marched to town, two miles, which we reached about dark. We (company E) went into the fight with thirty-two men, and came out with sixteen. We were ready the next morning with sixteen men to go into battle; but

302 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

it was a sad thing at roll-call to find half our number gone. We had no commissioned ofcers. Lieutenant Stevenson, who was in command, was wounded.

On the fourteenth we reached Jackson without having fired a shot. Our company took charge of the prisoners that night, and the next morning we were on the march to Vicksburgh. We fought at Champion Hills on the sixteenth.

The following is a list of the killed and wounded of company E, at Raymond, May 12th.

Killed-Orderly Sergeant Byron Selby, Corporal John C. Waddle, privates Parker Douds and Leroy C. Baker. Wounded -Corporal Abram Frazier, privates Darius Swail, Johnson Van Buskirk, Thomas McGovern, Joseph McMahon, William Trott, Jacob Baker, Josiah Workman, James H. Waddell, Thomas Yarnell, Daniel Duden, Lieutenant John G. Stevenson.

Thomas McGovern, Darius Swail, Johnson Van Buskirk, William Trott, and Thomas Yarnell were made prisoners at the Raymond hospital, and taken to Mobile. The rest were not able to go and were paroled.

The Ninety-sixth is close to us. We have beautiful fireworks some nights when the mortar-boats send two hundred and twenty-five pound shells over the city. Lieutenant Henry Davis has been appointed captain of company C, and Lieutenant Jacobs captain of company E.

Regarding the work of the regiment in the trenches before Vicksburgh, the following from a correspondent on the ground, gives a vivid picture of the condition of things:

Imagine it-men work all day, and never once stand upright; load their pieces upon their hands and knees, extending the rammers out of the embrasures, while others ply the shovels to replace the earth knocked away by the hostile projectiles. Here where the bushes have been allowed to stand in the embankment, if you will rise up cautiously and peep through, you will see the shovel of earth as it is thrown up and falls upon their line two hundred yards away. You must be wary, and you must drop promptly on your knees when you see a puff of smoke, for they suspect that some one :- looking through the bushes. You will have sufficient time to drop down into safety, for the smoke will puff out white and distinct a quarter of a minute before the sound of the discharge reaches you, or the ball whizzes by, or thuds in the thrown up dirt.

Better take off your hat, for it can be seen more distinctly than the naked head, and don't betray any nervousness should the ball, which will surely come, shower dirt upon your head, else those old artillerymen will laugh at you.

Now, if you want to go to the rear, stoop low and doublequick it until you get under cover of the woods. It is only eight or ten rods. Oh! there is no danger. They won't hurt youmore than a hundred men have run across there to-day; every one has been fired at and only three have been struck. You see they only get a glimpse of you, and can't get good aim. They will shoot over you, or behind you, or ahead of you.

June 26, 1863, the regiment, marching with the Second brigade, withdrew to Tiffin, near Black river, in order to observe the movements of Johnston. After the fall of Vicksburgh, it camped at Bovina station, on the Mississippi Southern railroad, but was shortly ordered to join Sherman's army besieging Jackson. It returned to Vicksburgh July 30th, and encamped in the outskirts of the city. In the latter part of August the Twentieth formed part of an expedition to Monroe, on the Ouachita river, and returned to its camp at Vicksburgh, September 1st. October 7th, the regiment crossed the Big Black at Messenger's Ferry, skirmished slightly at Boquechitto creek, advanced toward Canton as far as Livingston, thence to Clinton, and then over the old Champion Hills battleground to Big Black and Vicksburgh. In January, 1864, two-thirds of the men present re-enlisted for three years more, and the Twentieth was brigaded with the Thirty-second, Sixty-eighth, and Seventyeighth Ohio. February 3, 1864, the regiment crossed the Big Black and joined in the celebrated Meridian expedition. In crossing Baker's creek a rebel battery opened upon the column. The Twentieth rapidly formed a line of battle and the battery retired. The regiment was compelled to march in line of battle until late in the afternoon, as the rebels placed their battery on every hill-top, and skirmished briskly along the road. In spite of this the head of the column passed over eighteen miles, and camped at Jackson that night. Passing through Brandon the troops reached Morton, and from this point to Meridian the Twentieth acted as rear-guard to the whole army the greater portion of the distance. After arriving at Meridian the regiment assisted in destroying ten or fifteen miles of railroad, and then marched to the wagon corral on Chunkey creek; and being misdirected by a rebel, it marched eight miles to advance three. The next day this rebel's house was burned in order that he might remember the time he had the pleasure of misdirecting the Yankees.

February 20th, the regiment marched on its return as part of the convoy for seven hundred wagons. It marched by way of Hillsborough and Canton, and reached Vicksburgh March 4th. It was now allowed its veteran furlough, and the Knox county boys enjoyed thirty days at their homes.

May 1st they rendezvoused at Camp Dennison, by and proceeded to Cairo, Illinois, and from there steamer to Clifton, Tennessee. From this place the regiment marched via Pulaski, Huntsville, Decatur and Rome (over the Sand mountains), two hundred

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 303

and fifty miles; joining Sherman at Acworth on the ninth of June. In the advance from Acworth the Twentieth formed the escort to the wagon-train, but finally joined its brigade on the twenty-third at Bushy ridge, near Kenesaw mountain.

On the night of the twenty-sixth, the Twentieth, with its division, marched to the left of the line, and at eight o'clock the next morning moved vigorously and with great noise upon the enemy, the object being to divert the enemy's attention from the general assault made by other portions of the National line. The division advanced to within easy range of the rebel works, near Marietta, and was exposed to the concentrated fire of four batteries. Having succeeded, to a certain extent, in accomplishing its object, the regiment engaged in another demonstration on the rebel works in front of its camp, at 3 P. m.; and, advancing up a thickly wooded hill till within one hundred yards of the enemy's works, sustained a brisk musketry fire till dark. On the second of July, the regiment marched with its corps to the mouth of Nickojack creek, where the enemy was found intrenched. After the evacuation of the works at Nickojack, the regiment was employed in picketing the river, which was lively business, as the rebels kept up a constant and accurate fire during the day. On the sixteenth of July the regiment crossed the Chattahoochie at Rossville, and on the twentieth reached the rebel works before Atlanta.

The regiment took a position on the twenty-first in the advanced line, and on the twenty-second firing was heard in its rear. The regiment formed in the works, but as the rebels advanced the men leaped the parapet and faced toward the enemy. The rebels pressed up to and around the regiment, and the bullets carne from front, flank, and rear, and according as the fire was hottest in front or rear, the men of the Twentieth leaped their works and delivered their fire in that direction. Cartridges became scarce, but portions of companies A, F, and D, risked their lives and obtained, in the very face of the enemy, five cases of ammunition, which were piled up near the regimental head quarters; but even this supply was insufficient, and the ammunition of the wounded and dead was distributed, and charges were made to capture the rebels for their cartridges. At 4 P. M. many of the men had only two or three cartridges left. The batteries in Atlanta threw shell upon the rear of the brigade, the enemy redoubled their fire in front and, placing a captured gun within fifty paces of the flank of the Twentieth, raked the regiment with cannister. Orders came to withdraw from the works and form anew line, and the Twentieth slowly retired, the men turning now and then to fire their last cartridge at the foe. In the new line the Twentieth was placed in reserve, with the exception of a detachment of about one hundred, who were posted in the works on Force's hill, and fought desperately until the close of the battle. In this engagement the Twentieth lost forty-four killed, fifty-six wounded, and fifty-four missing. Instances of personal daring were numberless.

The following extract regarding this desperate conflict is from a letter written on the twentyfourth, two days after the battle, by Captain B. A. F. Greer, of Mount Vernon, who was at the time in command of company B

On the twenty-second instant a desperate battle was fought on the left of our army, caused by the enemy massing their forces and endeavoring to turn our flank. The Twentieth had the misfortune to be hotly engaged and lost heavily. The enemy are in possession of part of the ground fought over, so we cannot tell exactly what the loss is.

The regiment had built breastworks and began fighting from behind them, but soon the enemy came up in our rear, and obliged us to jump to the opposite side of our works. The enemy would charge front and tear at the same time, compelling us to meet and repulse a charge first in front then right about to the rear, and thus we continued to fight four hours, moving across our works no less than ten times. Often the opposing lines would meet on top of the works, when the bayonet, sword, clubbed musket, and even the fist, were used with murderous effect. I cannot give a more detailed account of the fight. We held our own, only closing up to the right on our works, yielding about one hundred yards of them.

Generals Blair, Sherman and Leggett estimated the rebel dead lying around our works, upon the ground fought over by our regiment, at one thousand. General Sherman said that each man had made himself a hero, but that we had violated all the rules of civilized warfare by not surrendering when so completely surrounded.

Captain Greer reports the following losses in the three Knox county companies in this battle:

Company A, Lieutenant Ed. Nutt commanding.

Killed.-D. B. James and Benjamin Wilson.

Wounded.-Corporal Levi Cassell and Privates G. W. Ebersole, G. M. Moodie, P. H. Conner and A. Davis.

Missing.-M. F. Runyan, Samuel Taylor, E. Colony and C. W. Dalrymple.

Company E, Lieutenant E. R Woodmancy commanding.'

Killed.-Sergeant John Canavan and Cornelius Russell.

304 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

Wounded.-Lieutenant Woodmancy, Ed. Knox, J. McMahon, A. J. Patchen and William Rose.

Missing.-Corporal M. Long and Henry Linstead.

Company G, Captain Nathan Bostwick commanding.

Killed.-Corporal Charles Beardsley.

Wounded.-E. W. Case, D. B. Linstead and D. Pitkin.

Missing.-Captain Nathan Bostwick, Corporal Fayette Bostwick, Reason Brown, G. M. Cochran, B. F. Stilley, and Loyal G. Vance.

The following were the losses in company I, part of which was from this county-Captain W. L. Waddell commanding:

Killed.-E. Campbell, F. G. Ailes, H. Reed, W. Wickleam, B. Dodds, T. M. Govern and J. Van Fossen.

Wounded.-A. Williams, E. Fuller, O. Hupp, P. McBride and J. Sparling.

Missing.-Lieutenant William Rush, William Barrington, T. J. Watson, G. A. Irwin, E. M. Evans, N. Warfield, F. Crow F. Moore and B. Penman.

When it is considered that the ranks of the above companies had already been greatly thinned in previrus battles, these losses clearly indicate the desperate character of the conflict. Among the noble young men whose lives went out in this battle none were more worthy, more highly respected, or gave greater promise than Corporal Charles Beardsley, an only son of Platt Beardsley, of Milford township. It will be observed, also, that Sergeant John Canavan, who had been promoted from the ranks for gallantry on a previous occasion, went down in this battle.

Captain Nathan Bostwick and his son Fayette were both wounded and both fell into the hands of the enemy. The latter was taken to Andersonville prison pen, where he suffered all the horrors of that famous-or infamous-place. He succeeded in making his escape and paddling down the Ocomulgee river reached the Federal gun-boats in safety.

Captain Bostwick was taken to Macon, Georgia, and subsequently to Charleston, South Carolina. After suffering all the horrors of prison life in various places, aggravated by wounds and disease, he finally made his escape Deeember 1, 1864; from Columbia, South Carolina; and after untold suffering, hardship and hairbreadth escapes, reached the Federal lines at Knoxville, Tennessee, December 27, 1864. .

The regiment was commanded in this battle by Lieutenant Colonel John C. Fry, who had entered the regiment in the spring of 1861, as a three months' volunteer.

After the fall of Atlanta the regiment was engaged in changing position and building works until the twenty-fourth of August, when it received orders to march as guard to the supply trains of the army of the Tennessee. Four days later the regiment joined its brigade at Fairburn, and assisted in destroying the railroads. In the battle of Jonesborough, on the thirty-first, the Twentieth was on the left of the Fifteenth corps, at right angles to the main line, as "refused flank," and in this position was greatly annoyed by a heavy artillery fire. On the second of September the regiment took position on a hill near Lovejoy's station, where it remained several days, exposed to some annoyance from the enemy's sharp-shooters, and finally settled down in camp near Atlanta, on the East Point road. October 5th the regiment joined in the pursuit of Hood, and, after following as far as Galesville, Alabama, returned and camped at Smyrna church, about twenty miles from Atlanta, November 5th.

The regiment left Atlanta with Sherman's army, on the fifteenth of November, for Savannah. It participated in the destruction of the town of Miller, Georgia,