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368 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. CHAPTER VI. BY W. M. TRAINER. ORGANIZATION OF JEFFERSON COUNTY FIRST TOWNSHIP - ELECTION STATISTICS ROSTER OF COUNTY OFFICERS CITY OF STEUBENVILLE - OTHER TOWNS OF THE COUNTY-LATER TOWNSHIPS HISTORICAL NOTES, ETC. AT THE first organization of Ohio into counties the territory that now constitutes Jefferson county was a part of Washington, and so remained until July 29, 1797, when the following described boundary was fixed as the limits of Jefferson county: " Beginning upon the bank of the Ohio river, where the western boundary of Pennsylvania crosses it, and down the said river to the southern boundary of the fourth township in the third range (of those seven ranges of townships that were surveyed in conformity to the ordinance of congress of the 10th of May, 1785), and with said southern boundary west to the southwest corner of, the sixth township of the fifth range; thence north along the western boundary of said fifth range to the termination thereof; thence due west to the Muskingum river, and up the same to and With the portage between it and the Cuyahoga river; thence down Cuyahoga to Lake Erie; thence easterly along the shores of the lake to the boundary of Pennsylvania, and south with the same to the place of beginning." Jefferson county then included parts of the following counties which have since been detached: Belmont, Harrison, Carroll, Stark, Summit, Cuyahoga, Lake, Geauga, Ashtabula, Trumbull, Portage, Mahoning and Columbiana. The boundary was constantly being changed by the erection of new counties out of the territory of Jefferson until 1832, when the last change in the boundary was made, leaving it as it has ever since remained. The county was first divided into civil townships in May, 1803, with the following described boundaries: Warren Township. - Beginning on the Ohio river at the lower end of the county, thence west with the county line to the center line of the seventh township and third range; thence north with said center line until it strikes the north boundary of the eighth township and third range; thence east with the township lines to the Ohio; thence down the Ohio to the place of beginning. Short Creek Township. - Beginning at the southwest corner of Warren township, thence west with the county line to the western boundary of the county; thence north with the county line to the northwest corner of the eleventh township and sixth range; thence JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 369 east with the township lines until it strikes the northwest corner of Warren township; thence south to the place of beginning. Archer Township.--Beginning at the northwest corner of Short creek township, thence north with the county line until it strikes the north boundary of the thirty-fourth section in the thirteenth township and sixth range; thence east with the said line until it strikes the western boundary of the second range; thence south with said range line until it strikes Short Creek township; thence west with the township line to the place of beginning. Steubenville Township. Beginning at the northeast corner of Archer township, thence east to the Ohio river; - thence with the meanderings of the river until it strikes the line of Warren township; thence west with the line of Warren township until it strikes the southeast corner of Archer township; thence with the line of Archer township to the place of beginning. Knox Township. - Beginning at the northeast corner of Steubenville township, thence west to the western boundray of the county; thence with the county line until it strikes the line of Columbiana county; thence east with the line of Columbiana county to the Ohio river; thence with the meanderings of the river to the place of beginning. Court Houses. - Once the sale of lots in the original plat of Steubenville was fully under way, the demand for them increased at a lively pace, and by a deed still on record, we learn that as early as the 15th of August, 1798, the justices of the court of common pleas purchased from Bezaleel Wells and wife a suitable site for a court house (where the present building stands) for the nominal sum of $5. This, however, virtually amounted to a gift—the reason for some nominal charge being obvious. This indenture is dated "The fifteenth day of August, in in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety-eight," and bears witness that Bezaleel Wells, and Sarah, his wife, of Brooke county and the Commonwealth of Virginia, this day deeded to David Vance, Absalom Martin, Philip Cable, John Moody, George Humphries, Thomas Fawcette, and Wm. Wells, Esqrs., justices of the court of common pleas, for the county of Jefferson, in the territory of the United States, northwest of the Ohio river, for the consideration of five dollars ($5), the following piece of ground, to be devoted to the site of a court house, jail, and such other public buildings for the use of the county aforesaid, as the said justices of the court of common pleas, and their successors, shall from time to time think proper to order—to-wit: beginning for the said lot or parcel of ground at the intersection of Market and Third streets, at the northwest corner, as aforesaid, and running thence northwardly with and binding on Third street, aforesaid, 130 feet—thence westwardly by a line parallel with Market street aforesaid, 180 feet to an alley, and then southwardly with and binding on said alley 120 feet to Market street, thence eastwardly with and binding on Market street to place of be- 24 - B. 370 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. ginning." Not bad evidence that a bright future was anticipated for the comparatively infant settlement. Nor was this all, for that year the erection of a substantial log court house was effected, which building subsequently rendered good service for some ten years. The present court house is constructed of Cleveland sandstone, and presents a front of 126 feet on Market and ninety-six and two-thirds feet on Third street. The basement contains the janitor's rooms, two fur-' nace rooms and Dunbar & Kithcart's law office. The first floor has two rooms for the recorder, two for the county auditor and commissioners, one for the treasurer, one spare room, and two for the probate judge. The height of this story is sixteen feet six inches. On the second floor is the court room, measuring fifty by seventy feet, and forty feet in height, one room for the prosecuting attorney, one for the sheriff, two for the clerk, one consultation room, one witness room, and the judge's retiring room. These rooms all average twenty by twenty-four feet, and are all provided with wardrobes and washrooms, and water closets conveniently adjacent. The height of this story is fifteen feet six inches. On the third floor are two library rooms, three jury rooms, and two spare rooms averaging twenty-four by thirty-two feet. This story is also fifteen feet six inches high. The building is heated by hot air, and supplied with grates in addition. The height of the main building from base to the roof of court house is seventy feet. Above the roof extends a handsome tower, the height of which, from base to top of cornice, is forty-nine feet; from top of cornicc to roof of tower thirty-two feet, making the actual height of tower eighty-one feet, and the total height of building from base to top of tower 151 feet. In the center of the tower is an elegant clock with illuminated dials. The court room is beautifully frescoed, and among the other paintings contains a life-size representation of the late Hon. Edwin M. Stanton. The contract for the erection of the building was awarded in the spring of 1870, and the work commenced that summer. It progressed amid various delays until June, 1874, when the first term of court was held in the new structure. The entire cost, including additional ground, and the sheriff's house and jail adjoining the court house, with incidental expenses, was about $300,000, which was low, considering the character of the buildings erected. Directly north of the court house stands the jail and sheriff's dwelling, both of brick, with stone trimmings. The cells in the jail are thirty-six in number, twenty-seven• for males, and nine for females, constructed of boiler iron. Both buildings are now furnished with all the modern improvements and conveniences. Official Vote Cast for Governor in Jefferson County. - The following is the official vote cast for the several candidates for governor, by Jefferson county. Edward Tiffin was the first govenor of Ohio, and was elected in 1803. His vote in Jefferson county in 1806, is the earliest that can now be found. 1806 - Edward Tiffin, 822. 1807 - Return J. Meigs, 457; Nathaniel Massie, 430. JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 371 1808 - Samuel Huntington, 242; Thomas Worthington, 931; Thomas Kirker, 000. 1810 - Return J. Meigs, 858; Thomas Worthington, 131. 1812 - Return J. Meigs, 1,048; Thomas Scott, 421. 1814 - Thomas Worthington, 1,532; Othniel Looker, 6. 1816 - Thomas Worthington, 1,314; James Dunlap, 2; Ethan A. Brown, 51. 1818 - Ethan A. Brown, 1,462; James Dunlap, 2. 1820 - Ethan A. Brown, 1,763; Jeremiah Morrow, '44; William H. Harrison, 30. 1822 - Jeremiah Morrow, 251; Allen Trimble, 1,339; W. W.Irwin, 54. 1824 - Jeremiah Morrow, 1,301; Allen Trimble, 1,540. 1826 - Allen Trimble, 1,696; John Bigger, 19; Alexander Campbell, 84; Benjamin Tappan, 896. 1828 - Allen Trimble, 1,521; John W. Campbell, 1,848. 1830 - Duncan McArthur (Nat. Repub.), 1,362; Robert Lucas (Democrat), 1,660. 1832 - Robert Lucas (vote unknown) ; Darius Lyman (Whig and Anti-Mason.) 1834 - Robert Lucas (D.), 2,024; James Findlay (W.), 1,640. 1836 - Joseph Vance (W.), vote unknown; Eli Baldwin (D.), vote unknown. 1838 - Wilson Shannon (D.), 2,372; Joseph Vance (W.), 1,865. 1840 - Thomas Corwin (W.), 2,234; Wilson Shannon (D.), 2,326. 1842 - Wilson Shannon (D.), 2,234; Thomas Corwin (W.), 2,162. 1844 - Mordecai Bartley (W.), 2,388; David Tod (D.), 2,413; Leicester King (Abol.), 115. 1846 - William Bebb (W.), 1,970; David Tod (D.), 1,850; Samuel Lewis (A.), 117. 1848 - John B. Weller (D.), 2,358; Seabury Ford (W.), 2,374. 1850 - Reuben Wood (D.), 1,944; William Johnston (W.), 1,931; Edward Smith (A.), 40. 1851 - Reuben Wood (D.), 2,328; Samuel F. Vinton (W.), 2,042; Samuel Lewis (A.), 144. 1853 - William Medill (D.), 2,124; Nelson Barrere (W.), 1,436; Samuel Lewis (A.), 633. 1855 - William Medill (D.), 1,523; Allen Trimble (Know Nothing), 131; Salmon P. Chase (Rep.), 2,156. 1857 - Salmon P. Chase (R.), 2,123; Henry B. Payne (D.), 1,934; Phil. Van Trump (A.), 5. 1859 - William Dennison (R.), 2,294; Rufus P. Ranney (D.), 1,822. 1861 - David Tod (R.), 2,554; Hugh J. Jewett (D.), 1,162. 1863 - John Brough (R.), 3,775; Clement L. Vallandigham (D.) 1,447. 1865 - Jacob D. Cox (R.), 2,843; George W. Morgan (D.), 1,589. 1867 - Rutherford B. Hayes (R.), 2,969; Allen G. Thurman (D.), 2,202. 1869 - Rutherford B. Hayes (R.) , 2,921; George H. Pendleton (D.), 2,115. 372 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. 1871 - Edward F. Noyes (R.), 3,075; George W. McCook (D.), 2,111. 1873 - Edward F. Noyes (R.), 3,013; William Allen (D.), 1,924. 1875 - William Allen (D.), 2,826; Rutherford B. Hayes (R.), 3,721. 1877 - William H. West (R.), 2,178; Richard M. Bishop (D.), 2,484. 1879 - Charles Foster (R.), 3,988; Thomas Ewing (D.), 2,915. 1881 - Charles Foster (R.), 3,896; John W. Bookwalter (D.), 2,630. 1883 - Joseph B. Foraker (R.), 4,218; George Hoadly (D.), 2,996. 1885- Joseph B. Foraker (R.), 4,421; George Hoadly (D), 2,657. 1887 - Joseph B. Foraker (R.), 4,233; Thomas E. Powell (D.), 2,701. 1889 - Joseph B. Foraker (R.), 4,362; James E. Campbell (D.), 3,115. State Senators. - The first general assembly of Ohio convened at Chillicothe, on the first Tuesday of March, 1803. On the 2d day of December, 1816, the first general assembly convened at the permanent seat of government, at Columbus. The following is a list of members representing Jefferson county: 1803, Zenas Kimberly, Bezaleel Wells (March) ; Bezaleel Wells (December session) ; 1804, John Millard and James Pritchard;* 1805, James Pritchard and Benjamin Hough;* 1806, Benjamin Hough and John Taggart; 1807, John McLaughlin, John McConnell,* (latter to fill unexpired term of William McFarland) ; 1808, John McLaughlin and Thomas Elliott; 1809, John McLaughlin and Thomas Elliott; 1810, John McLaughlin; 1811, James Pritchard and Daniel Welch; 1812, James Pritchard and James McMillan; 1813, James McMillan and John McLaughlin; 1814, John McLaughlin and Samuel Dunlap; + 1815, John McLaughlin and Samuel G. Berryhill; + 1816, John McLaughlin; 1817, John McLaughlin; 1818, John McLaughlin; 1819, John McLaughlin; 1820, John McLaughlin; 1821, David Sloan; 1822, David Sloan; 1823, David Sloan; 1824, David Sloan; 1825, William Lowry; 1826, William Lowry; 1827, Humphrey H. Leavitt; 1828, Humphrey H. Leavitt; 1829, Henry Swearingen; 1830, Henry Swearingen; 1831, Andrew McMechan; 1832, Andrew McMechan; 1833, Andrew McMechan; 1834, Andrew McMechan; 1835, Andrew McMechan; 1836, Andrew McMechan; 1837, Samuel Stokely; 1838, Samuel Stokely; 1839, James Mitchell; 1840, James Mitchell; 1841, James Mitchell; ++ 1842, Ephriam R. Eckley; ++ 1843, Ephraim R. Eckley; ++ 1844, Ephraim R. Eckley: ++ 1845, John Hastings;+ 1846, John Hastings;+ 1847, John Hastings;+ 1848; Pinckney Lewis;+ 1849, Pinckney Lewis;+ 1850, Pinckney Lewis; + 1852, James McKinney;* 1854, Joseph F. Williams;* 1856, J. D. Cattell;* 1858, Joseph C. McCleary;* 1860, Anson L. Brewer;* 1862, Robert A. Sherrard;* 1864, Norman K. McKenzie;* 1866, J. T. Brooks;* 1868, J. T. Brooks;* 1870, Jared Dunbar;* 1872, Jonathan T. Updegraff;* 1874, J. K. Rukenbrod;* 1876, J. K. Rukenbrod; 1878, Rees G. Richards; 1880, Rees G. Richards; 1882, John M. Dickinson; 1884, John M. Dickinson; 1886, Thomas B. Coulter; 1888, Thomas B. Coulter; 1890, Thomas H. Silver. - * Jefferson and Columbiana. + Jefferson and Harrison. ++ Jefferson and Carroll. JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 373 Representatives.-- The following is a list of the representatives to the general assembly of Ohio, since the organization of the state. The first general assembly convened March 3, 1803, and the second on the first Monday in December following: 1803, Rudolph Bear, Z. A. Beatty, Thomas Elliott, Isaac Meeks, Richard Beeson, Samuel Dunlap, Joseph McKee and John Sloan; 1804, Thomas McClure, John Sloan and John McLaughlin; 1805, John Sloan, John McLaughlin and Thomas Elliott; 1806, Samuel Boyd, Thomas Elliott and John McLaughlin; 1807, Benjamin Hough,Thomas Elliott and Thomas McCune; 1808, James Pritchard, Thomas McCune, Samuel Dunlap and Stephen Ford; 1809, James Pritchard, Samuel Dunlap, Stephen Ford and George Humphrey; 1810, Samuel Dunlap, Stephen Ford, Andrew McNeely and James Pritchard; 1811, George Day, Thomas McCune and James Ford; 1812, James Ford, George Day and George Humphrey; 1813, Samuel Dunlap, Stephen Ford and John Patterson;* 1814, Jesse Martin, Stephen Ford and Andrew McNeely; 1815, Stephen Ford, Robert Patterson and Andrew McNeely;* 1816, James Wilson, Thomas Elliott and James Moore; 1817, Thomas Elliott, Stephen Ford and Jesse Martin; 1818, Stephen Ford, Thomas George and John Barrett; 1819, John Barrett and Robert Gilmore; 1820, John Barrett and James Wilson; 1821, James Wilson and Samuel McNary; 1822, Samuel McNary and Jeremiah H. Hallock; 1823, John M. Goode- now and William Lowry; 1824, William Lowry and William Hamilton; 1825, William Hamilton and Humphrey H. Leavitt; 1826, John McLaughlin and James Ross Wells; 1827, Samuel McNary and James Mitchell; 1828, Samuel McNary and James Mitchell; 1829, William C. McCauslin; 1830, William C. McCauslin and John Humphrey; 1831, John Leetch; 1832, John Leetch and William C. McCauslin; 1833, William C. McCauslin; 1834, John McLaughlin and Mordecai Moore; 1835, John McLaughlin, Mordecai Moore and Robert Patterson; 1836, Robert Patterson; 1837, Samuel McNary; 1838, Samuel McNary; 1839, George Mitchell; 1840, Roswell Marsh and John Shober; + 1841, Mathew Atkinson and Joseph Kithcart;+ 1842, Nathaniel Dyde and Isaac Atkinson; t 1843, Smiley H. Johnson, Leonard Harsh and Isaac Shane; 1844, Ezekiel Harris; 1845, James G. Allen; 1846, Findley B. McGrew; 1847, James McKinney; 1848, Andrew Scott; 1849, James Russell; 1850, David Johnson; 1852, Thomas Means;.* 1854, Amos Jones; 1856, Daniel McCurdy and Cyrus Mendenhall; 1858, James G. Allen, W. W. Worthington; 1860, James S. Scott; 1862, Joseph Means; 1864, Smith Lyon; 1866, Samuel C. Kerr; 1868, Samuel C. Kerr; 1870, Samuel H. Ford; 1872, Samuel H. Ford; 1874, Rees G. Richards; 1876, Rees G. Richards; 1878, Thomas B. Scott; 1880, Thomas B. Scott; 1882, John A. Kithcart; 1884, B. N. Linduff; 1886, B. N. Linduff; 1888, C. W. Clancy; 1890, C. W. Clancy. Sheriffs. - From 1797 to 1804, Francis Douglas, appointed; 1804 to 1806, John McKnight, elected; 1806 to 1808, John Gillis; 1808 to 1812, * Representatives from Jefferson and Harrison. + Representative from Jefferson and Carroll. ++ First member under the new constitution. 374 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. William Phillips; 1812 to 1815, Robert Carrel; 1815 to 1821, Thomas Orr; 1821 to 1824, Robert Carrel; 1824 to 1828, Henry Swearingen; 1828 to 1830, Robert Thompson; 1830 to 1832, Henry Swearingen; 1832 to to 1836, Thomas Carrel; 1836 to 1839, Isaac McDonald; 1839 to 1843, Samuel D. Hunter; 1843 to 1847, James M. Thomas; 1847 to 1855, Moses Dillon; 1855 to 1859, James H. Blynn; 1859 to 1863, John Moore; 1863 to 1865, George McCullough; 1865 to 1869, Ambrose W. Moore; 1869 to 1873, Thomas Montgomery; 1873 to 1877, Samuel Johnston; 1877 to 1881, Alex Smith; 1881 to 1885, B. M. Sharp; 1885 to 1889, John G. Burns; 1889, Henry Opperman. Auditors.- From 1820 to 1822, John Milligan; 1822 to 1824, James Patterson; 1824 to 1835, James Dillon; 1835 to 1842, Adam J. Leslie; * 1842 to 1844, Alexander Conn.; 1844 to 1846, Samuel Dundas; 1846 to 1850, C. A. Kirby; 1850 to 1853, James Melvin; 1853 to 1854, William Duling; + 1854 to 1858, J. S. Lowe; 1858 to 1860, W. F. McMasters; 1860 to 1872, William F. Simeral; 1872 to 1875, Robert K. Hill; 1875 to 1880, John Moore; 1880, S. H. McBeth; 1882 to 1890, W. F. Simeral; 1890, A. C. Blackburn. Treasurers. 1797 to 1802; John Moody appointed; 1802 to 1823, Samuel Hunter, appointed; 1823 to 1831, Alex. J. McDowell, elected; 1831 to 1833, James Turnbull; 1833 to 1839, William Kilgore; 1839 to 1841, David Cable; 1841 to 1849, J. G. Morris; 1849 to 1851, Johnston Mooney; 1851 to 1855, Alex. Skelly; 1855 to 1859, John McAdams; 1859 to 1863, David Myers; 1863 to 1867, John H. Bristor; 1867 to 1871, John C. Brown; 1871 to 1875, William A. Elliott; 1875 to 1879, J. C. Brown; 1879 to 1881, Samuel B. Campbell; 1881 to 1883, Samuel B. Campbell; 1883 to 1887, John Bray; 1887, Hugh S. Coble. Clerks of the Court. From 1797 to 1800, Bezaleel Wells, appointed; 1800 to 1810, John Ward; 1810 to 1817, Thomas Patton; 1817 to 1830, John Patterson; 1830 to 1832, H. H. Leavitt; 1832 to 1839, James R. Wells; 1839 to 1846, John S. Patterson; 1846 to 1849, James Johnston; 1849 to 1851, Joseph M. Mason; 1851 to 1857, George Webster, elected; 1857 to 1866, James Elliott; 1866 to 1875, Oliver C. Smith; 1875 to 1881, Thomas B. Coulter; 1881 to 1887, Ross White; 1887, A. S. Buckingham. Recorders. From 1797 to 1801, Zenas Kimberly; 1801 to 1810, John Galbraith; 1810 to 1817, Robert Boyd; 1817 to 1852, Alexander Sutherland; 1852 to 1858, George Beatty; 1858 to 1864, Alex Ewing; 1864 to 1873, Joseph M. Hunter; 1876 to 1877, Henry K. Reynolds; 1877 to 1880, Jacob Hull; 1880 to 1890, Jacob Hull. Commissioners.-The first election for county commissioners took place on the 2d day of April, 1804: 1804, Zaccheus Biggs, Benjamin Hough and Andrew Anderson; 1805, Andrew Anderson, John Jack- * On the 19th of April, 1842, the commissioners appointed James Savage to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Adam J. Leslie.+ + In July, 1854, J. S. Lowe was appointed to fill the unexpired term of William Doling who died. He was subsequently elected.++ ++ Died October, 1882. +++ Henry K. Reynolds died before taking charge of the office, and Mr. Hull was appointed by the commissioners to fill the office until the next election, in 1877, when he was chosen by the people for recorder. JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 375 son and Benjamin McCleary; 1807, Andrew Anderson, John Jackson and Martin Andrews; 1809, Andrew Anderson, John Jackson and Thomas Latta; 1810, John Jackson, Thomas Latta and Moses Ross; 1811, Thomas Latta, Moses Ross and William Edie; 1812, Moses Ross, William Edie and Arthur Latimer; 1813, Moses Ross, Arthur Latimer and John Jackson; 1815, Arthur Latimer, John Jackson and Samuel McNary; 1820, John Jackson, Samuel McNary and George Day; 1822, John Jackson, George Day and Isaac Jenkinson; 1824, John Jackson, George Day and John Andrews; 1827, John Jackson, George Day and Samuel Hunter; 1829, Samuel Hunter, John Winters and John Barrett; 1830, John Winters, Samuel McNary and John Andrews; 1832, John Andrews, Samuel McNary and William Smith; 1833, Samuel McNary, William Smith and John Barrett; 1835, Samuel McNary, John Barrett and William Cassell; 1837, William Cassell, George Culp and James Mitchell; 1840, William Cassell, George Culp and Nathaniel Myer; 1841, George Culp, Nathaniel Myer and Joseph B. McGrew; 1842, Nathaniel Myer, Joseph B. McGrew and Mordecai Moore; 1843, J. B. McGrew, William Cassell and Mordecai Moore; 1844, William Cassell, Mordecai Moore and Jacob Leas; 1842, William Cassell, Jacob Leas and Joseph B. McGrew; 1847, Jacob Leas, Joseph B. McGrew and Joseph Shane; 1848, J. B. McGrew, Joseph Shane and A. P. Guppy; 1849, Joseph Shane, A. P. Guppy and J. Du Bois; 1850, A. P. Guppy, John Du Bois and Joseph McCoy; 1851, John Du Bois, Joseph McCoy and William Allmon; 1852, Joseph McCoy, William Allmon and A. P. Guppy; 1854, Joseph McCoy, William Allmon and John A. De Huff; 1855, William Allmon, John A. De Huff and J. B. McGrew; 1856, John A. De Huff, Joseph B. McGrew and Alexander Conn; 1857, Alexander Conn, J. A. De Huff and William Kerr; 1857, Alexander Conn, William Kerr and Ira Dalrimple; 1859, William Kerr, Ira Dalrimple and Richard F. White; 1861, William Kerr, R. F. White and Charles Mathers; 1862, William Kerr, Charles Mathers and Josiah B. Salmon; 1865, William Kerr, Charles Mathers and James Reed; 1866, Charles Mathers, James Reed and A. J. Bayless; 1867, James Reed, A. J. Bayless and Joseph Shane; 1869, James Reed, Joseph Shane and Josiah B. Salmon; 1870, James Reed, John Anderson and Benjamin Linton; 1871, James Reed, John Anderson and John Floyd; 1872, John Anderson, John Floyd and John S. Patterson; 1873, John Floyd, John S. Patterson and William Stark; 1874, John S. Patterson, William Stark and Mordecai Moore; 1875, William Stark, Mordecai Moore and Joseph Beatty; 1877, Joseph Beatty, William Stark and George Starr; 1879, Joseph Beatty, George Starr and James Ball; 1881, George Starr, James Ball, Amos Parsons; 1883, James Ball, Amos Parsons, William White; 1886, William White, Amos Parsons, Jacob P. Markle; 1887, Amos Parsons, Jacob P. Markle, John Underwood; 1888, Jacob Markle, John Underwood, David Simpson; 1890, David Simpson, Jacob P. Markle, John Underwood. Probate judges. From 1851 to 1858, John K. Sutherland; 1858 to 1863, William R. Lloyd; 1863 to 1865, William A. Doyle; 1865 to 1866, 376 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. George M. Elliott; 1866 to 1878, Robert Martin; 1878 to 1884, Joseph W. Jordan; 1884 to 1889, W. V. B. Croskey; 1889, John A. Mansfield. Coroners. From 1797 to 1807, John McKnight; 1807 to 1809, Isaac Jenkinson; 1809 to 1816, David Larimer; 1816 to 1824, Edward Todd; 1824 to 1830, James Campbell; 1830 to 1832, Charles Porter; 1832 to 1836, David Cable; 1836 to 1839, Samuel Filson; 1839 to 1841, James Myers; 1841 to 1843, Samuel Hunter; 1843 to 1845, Johnston Mooney; 1845 to 1847, Samuel L. Potts; 1847 to 1851, Alexander. Repine; 1851 to 1855, Robert McIntire; 1855 to 1857, Robert Boales; 1857 to 1861, John Oliver, Sr.; 1861 to 1863, Robert McIntire; 1863 to 1879, Samuel Stephens; 1879, to 1885, Thomas P. Fogg; 1885, James M. Starr. Commissioners' Clerks.- From 1804 to 1810, John Ward; 1810 to 1817, William Lowry; 1817 to 1818, Thomas Patton; 1818 to 1820, James Dillon. In 1820 the office of county auditor was established and the functions of this office were transferred into the hands of the county auditor. Infirmary Directors. From 1824 to 1837, Dr. John McDowell, Sr. Benjamin W. Todd, John Permar, Henry Swearingen, Alexander Sutherland, James Wilson and Henry Crew (appointed) ; 1827 to 1831, John Permar, James Wilson and Alexander J. McDowell; 1831 to 1838, Andrew McMechan, James Turnbull and William Roberts (appointed) ; 1838 to 1840, Alexander Conn, William Leslie -and John Winters; 1840 to 1843, Alexander Conn, William Leslie and William Cunningham; 1843 to 1846, William Roberts, Isaac Winters and William Leslie; 1846 to 1848, William Roberts, William Leslie and Samuel Potts; 1848 to 1850, Robert McCoy, William Leslie and Isaac Winters; 1850, William Leslie and John Hartford; 1851, John Armstrong; 1852, John Hartford; 1853, John Linduff: 1854, Eli H. McFeely; 1855, John Hartford; 1856, William Cunningham; 1857, William Abraham; 1858, George McCullough; 1859, John H. Lindsay; 1860, William Abraham; 1861, George McCullough; 1862, John H. Lindsay; 1863, Thomas Maxwell; 1864, Jacob Dance; 1865, John H. Lindsay; 1866, John Hanna; 1867, Jacob Dance; 1869, Alexander J. Carroll, for two years, and John Hanna for three years; 1870, Jacob Dance; 1871, John H. Linday; 1872, Thomas Nixon; 1873, Robert Stark; 1874, John H. Lindsay; 1875, Robert McCoy; 1876, Robert Stark; 1877, John H. Lindsay; 1878, Robert McCoy; 1879, Thomas Nixon; 1880, John H. Lindsay; 1881, William McElroy; 1882, Thomas Nixon; 1883, J. H. Lindsay; 1884, William McElroy; 1885, Charles Barrett; 1886, Eli Fetrow; 1887, Thomas Nixon; 1888, Charles Barrett; 1889, Eli Fetrow. County Surveyors.- The law creafing the office of county surveyor was made April 15, 1803. Apointments to this office were authorized by the common pleas courts cif each county. The office remained an appointive one until 1831, when a law was passed making it elective. The following is a list of the surveyors of Jefferson county from that date down: From 1803 to 1816, Isaac Jenkins, appointed; 1816 to 1819, William Lowry; 1819 to 1823, Isaac Jenkins; 1823 to 1827, William JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 377 Lowry; 1827 to 1833, James Dillon, elected; 1833 to 1836, William Lowry; 1836 to 1839, J. Dillon; 1839 to 1842, Thomas West, appointed; 1842 to 1851, James M. Rickey; 1851 to 1852, Anthony Middlemarch; 1852 to 1855, Joseph M. Rickey; 1855 to 1858, W. F. Simeral; 1858 to 1861, William Marshall; 1861 to 1864, Joseph M. Rickey, appointed; 1864 to 1870, James McCorkill; 1870 to 1871, William A. Elliott, resigned; 1871 to 1876, John Moore; 1876 to 1879, Henry Lewis; 1878 to 1885, Henry Lewis; 1885, Samuel Huston. Steubenville. - In 1786 the government determined on the erection of a fort or block house on the Ohio river to protect the government surveyors already at work on the first seven range survey, and the present site of the city of Steubenville was chosen. The supervision of this work was given into the hands of Capt. Hamtranck of the United States army, and by the beginning of the year 1787 the fort was completed. It was called Fort Steuben in honor of Baron Steuben, a Prussian officer who had served with distinction in the great Seven Years' war for German liberty, and who gallantly offered his services to the struggling colonies in 1777, and asked no other recompense except that his services should be accepted. Of him Bancroft says " He served under our flag with implicit fidelity, with indefatigable industry, and a courage that shrank from no danger. His presence was important both in camp and on the field of battle; from the huts of Valley Forge to Yorktown; and he remained with us till death." This fort was located near the present corner of High and Adams streets, a little to the north. It remained garrisoned as a military post under the command of Capt. Hamtranck for two or three years, when it was abandoned by the troops being ordered to Fort Harmar. The building took fire some time after the troops had left, and it was burned to the ground. This fort was undoubtedly the beginning of the present city of Steubenville. Yet the location did not assume the proportions or population of a village until some years later. In 1797 at the first land sales in New York city, Bezaleel Wells and James Ross purchased very freely for the purpose of speculation. Their purchase embraced sections 29, 30, 35 and 36 in fractional township No. 2, amounting to about 1,i00 acres and including the present site of the city of Steubenville. Their purchase was for the purpose of establishing a town, and in 1798 Steubenville was projected and the lots laid out. The original plat of the city extended from North to South street, and from Bank alley to the river. This town was divided up into 236 city lots, 60x 180 feet with twenty out lots of five acres each. Though Fort Steuben had been burned some years previously, yet the name still clung to the locality and it was but natural that the new town should be called Steubenville. Sale of town lots was immediately begun in 1798, and from the number of early purchasers it was apparent that the venture was a success and that the new town Steubenville was destined to become a thriving community. Steubenville was incorporated as a town in 1805, although this original 378 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. charter has been much changed by subsequent acts of the legislature. In 1830 the town was incorporated anew and divided up into four wards. In 1851 an act was passed incorporating Steubenville as a city comprising four wards. In 1872 two new wards were added by adjusting the boundaries of the old wards and taking in the additional territority of the city. The city still comprises six wards, though the second and third wards have so grown in voting population as to require the division of each into two precincts called "A" and " B " precinct. From a village of 500 people in 1810, it has grown to a city numbering about 15,000 people in 1890. James Ross, who was one of the founders of Steubenville, was a man prominent in the early political history of Pennsylvania.. Ross county, in this state, is named in honor of him, as he was the candidate of the federalists for governor of Pennsylvania in 1798, the year the county was formed. His history and life are connected more intimately with his native state than the town of which he was one of the projectors. Bezaleel Wells is a name closely identified with the early history of Steubenville. He was born in Maryland in 1769, but his father, Alexander Wells, located at an early day on Cross creek, in Washington county, Penn., and here Bazaleel spent his boyhood days. During his life he was known as one of the best surveyors in the state. Besides laying out Steubenville, he was the original owner of the present site of Canton, Stark county, Ohio, and also of Madison Hill, the location first selected for the county seat of Wayne county. He was active in all matters that tended to the development of the new town and county. In 1802 he established a grist- and saw-mill on Wells run (now within the limits of the city). He was instrumental in introducing the finer grades of wool into this section of the Ohio valley. He died 1n 1846. Many of his descendants and connections can be found in Steubenville and throughout the county. Among Steubenville's earliest merchants was Hans Wilson, a native of Ireland, who in the early part of the century carried on a general store in a log but between Bank alley and Third street, on Market street. He is said to have accumulated much wealth, and on his death he left most of his fortune to missionary societies. John England, originally from Pennsylvania, also ran a general store on the southeast corner of Market square. He, too, was very successful and eventually retired from business. He afterward was appointed one of the associate judges of the court of common pleas. The first hotel built in this town was erected by John Ward, who came here about 1798. He erected the old part of Mossgrove's United States hotel, and was a very popular landlord. From keeping hotel he became a merchant, and was clerk of the court, succeeding Bazaleel Wells. Near Hans Wilson's store, were also the hat and fur store of Martin Andrews, and the dry goods store of Moses Hale. Samuel Hunter, whose store was located on the southeast corner JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 379 of Market and Third streets; came here in 1799 and engaged in keeping a general store. He subsequently left Steubenville and erected a flouring- and grist-mill at Knoxville. Philip Cable came here and settled probably before Steubenville was laid out. He was judge of the territortial court, and was a man well fitted for the position. Benjamin Doyle, in the year 1798, came to Steubenville and was the first to engage in the tanning business. His tannery was situated at the head of North street. Two other landlords of " ye olden tyme " were Squire Jenkenson, who kept the " Red Lion Inn," and Col. Tod, who ran the "Cross Keys," located on upper Market street. About the year 1803 Brice Viers erected a tannery and engaged in that business up until about 1830. His tannery was situated about the coke ovens of the Steubenville coal and mining company. Samuel Williams in 1810 established a tannery near the present site of the Elliott tannery. So we see that tanning can be looked on as one of Steubenville's earliest industries. Early attempts were made at distilling. As early as 1800 P. Snyder ran a small distillery near where the Steubenville brewery now is. Bazaleel Wells also engaged in it for some time near where the old Borland coal shaft is. J. C. Fisher engaged in the manufacture of common red crock glassware in the year 1806, and for some time subsequent. Such were some of the early merchants and manufacturers of the town of Steubenville. Her subsequent development as a manufacturing city is shown in another chapter. The first officers of the town under the charter of 1805, were: D. Hull, president; John Ward, recorder; David Hoge, Zaccheus A. Beatty, Benjamin Hough, Thomas Vincents, John England, Martin Andrews and Abraham Cazier, trustees; Charles Maxwell, collector, and Anthony Beck, town marshal. Among the early enterprises of Steubenville was the establishment in 1806 of the first newspaper, the Western Herald (now the Steubenville Herald), by James Miller and William Lowry. Mr. Miller was a colonel under General W. H. Harrison, in the defense of our western border in the second war with England, and rendered great service at the siege of Fort Meigs. Steubenville's first bank was opened in 1809, with Bazaleel Well as president, and W. R. Dickinson, as cashier. It proved, however, an expensive luxury, and it failed in 1821. A subsequent attempt to revive it proved futile. In 1816 the Farmers' and Mechanics' bank was opened with John C. Wright, as president, and Thomas Scott, cashier. This bank proved successful. In Steubenville township, about two and one-half miles below the county seat, is probably the most interesting spot in the county, historically considered. It is the site of the ancient Indian village of Mingo. The history of this ancient Indian village creates no little interest throughout this region. It was a village of the once noted 380 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. and powerful Senecas, located on the west bank of the Ohio, a little above the mouth of Cross creek, in what is now Steubenville township, Jefferson county, about two and a half miles below Steubenville. The earliest historical mention we have of the place is in George Croghan's journal of his transactions with the Indians at Fort Pitt in the spring of 1765, where he mentions the fact of a party of Seneca Indians coming- to Fort Pitt for the purpose of trading .in furs and skins. Mention is again made of the place by Croghan in his journal of his tour down the Ohio, shortly afterward, on his way to visit the western Indians. He started from Fort Pitt on the 16th of May, 1765, and on the 17th he says: "At 6 o'clock in the morning we embarked, and were delighted with the prospect of a fine open country on each side of the river as we passed down. We came to a place called the Two Creeks, about fifteen miles from Yellow creek, where we put to shore. Here the Senecas have a village on a high bank on the north side of the river. The chief of this village offered me his service to go with me to the Illinois, which I could not refuse for fear of giving him offense, although I had a sufficient number of deputies with me already." On the 27th of March, 1768, a deputation of eight Indians from the Mingo town, held a conference at Red Stone (Brownsville), Penn., with Rev. Charles Steel and others, acting as agents of Gov. John Penn. In the fall of 1770, George Washington made a tour down the Ohio, " for the purpose of viewing lands to be apportioned among the officers and soldiers who had served in the French war." Washington kept a journal of his tour. On the 22d day of October the journal records the arrival of the party at Yellow creek, eight miles below the encampment of the previous night, and then at Big Stony creek, after which it proceeds: " About seven miles from the last-mentioned creek, twenty-eight from our last encampment, and about seventy-five from Pittsburgh, we came to the Mingo town, situate on the west side of the river, a little above the Cross creeks. This place contains about twenty cabins and seventy inhabitants of the Six Nations. . . . Upon our arrival at the Mingo town we received the disagreeable news of two traders being killed at a town called the Grape Vine town, thirty-eight miles below this, which caused us to hesitate whether we should proceed or wait for further intelligence." Washington and his party encamped, or lodged, at Mingo town on the night of the 22d, and remained there until 2 o'clock of the afternoon of the 23d. His journal of that day continues: " Several imperfect accounts coming in, agreeing that only one person was killed, and the Indians not supposing it to be done by their people, we resolved to pursue our passage, till we could get a more distinct account of this transaction. Accordingly, about 2 o'clock, we set out with the two Indians, who were to accompany us in our canoe, and after about four miles came to the mouth of a creek on the east side. The Cross creeks, as they are called, are not large; that on the west side is biggest. At the Mingo town we found and left more than JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 381 sixty warriors of the Six Nations, going to the Cherokee country to proceed to war against the Catawbas." Washington, on his return up the Ohio, was delayed at the Mingo village, some days, on account of horses not having arrived, which were to carry the party on land, from that point to Fort Pitt. The Mingo town 1s mentioned in the journal of the Rev. David Jones, a minister of the gospel, residing at Freehold, N. J., who made a tour to the western Indians in the summer of 1772, already referred to in another part of this work. On Tuesday, June 9th, he says: " Left Fort Pitt in company with Mr. George Rogers Clark, and several others, who were disposed to make a tour through this new world. We traveled by water in a canoe, and as I labored none, had an opportunity of observing the courses of the river. It would be too tedious to give a particular account; it may suffice to be more general, and refer the curious reader to a map expected soon to be published by Messrs. Hutchins & Hooper. . . . From Fort Pitt, the river Ohio runs about fifteen miles, near a northwest course;‘ thence near north about fourteen miles; then it makes a great bend for about twenty miles, running a little south of west; thence for near twenty miles, southeast, to the place called Mingo town, where some of that nation yet reside. Some of this town were wont to plunder canoes, therefore, we passed them as quietly as possible; and were so happy as not to be discovered by any of them. From this town to Gravecreek, is about thirty miles. When Logan withdrew to the Muskingum, in 1774, after the killing of his relatives at Yellow creek, the Senecas deserted Mingo town, and it was never again occupied. How long this Indian village had existed, is unknown, and must forever remain a mystery, but the great probabilities are that a branch or tribe of Senecas made the place their habitation near the year 1755. This locality was subsequently known as Mingo Bottom, and was a place of rendezvous for the people of the frontier in their expeditions against the Indians. Williamson's men met there in March, 1782, on their way to the Moravian towns on the Tuscarawas, when the unfortunate massacre at Gnadenhutten was committed, and Crawford's army rendezvoused there from the l0th to the 24th of May of the same year, in the disastrous campaign against Sandusky. Both of these are more fully described in the chapters on those subjects. Mingo Bottom became a place of resort by the pioneers for a number of years afterward. Shooting matches were held there, and the place was the frequent scene of the sports of the early settlers. The name of Mingo Bottom is still perpetuated, and it was deemed a favorite place to encamp two of the Ohio regiments of soldiers during the war of the rebellion. The Ninety-eighth and the One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Ohio volunteer infantry were both organized and mustered into service at the camp at Mingo Bottom, and other incidents occurred there to preserve 1ts name in history. The name Mingo, is used to designate the railroad junction and iron works at the place—it became the favorite name for the island in the river—and it has become a popular word in modern times. 382 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. Mingo junction, as it is now named, is at present the site of a thrifty and prosperous village, designed for a town in the near future. The location referred to, including the property known as the Potter's farm, and also the Means' farm, was purchased, to the extent of 600 acres, in 1800, by the Rev. Lyman Potter, and his son-in-law, Mr. Jasper Murdock, the former, at the time, being a missionary from the Presbyterian church through Ohio and Pennsylvania. At his death the property was divided into two farms. Mr. Murdock's heirs took the present Means' farm, and the deceased Rev. Lyman Potter's son Daniel remained on the other. The latter, however, died in September, 1869, when his son, Daniel, Jr., at present a lumber merchant in Steubenville, in company with Mr. Abrahams, and Mr. Robert Sherrard, banker, also of Steubenville, were made executors of the estate. These gentlemen, under date of. June, 1871, engaged the services of Mr. J. M. Rickey, surveyor, and had the nucleus to a town laid out, consisting of forty-five lots. Mr. Elisha P. Potter next opened up an addition of twenty-five lots, during the same month in the following year; while in December, 1872, Mr. D. Potter and R. Sherrard, further added a second addition of forty-seven lots this making a total of 117 lots submitted for building upon. It was the fact of a fine iron works being erected at this point that induced the idea of laying out a town. Mingo has been increasing very rapidly in manufacturing interests, and like Toronto, is now incorporated, having a mayor and town council. Its population is near 2,000. The only other village in Steubenville township is Allikana, at the mouth of Mills creek. It has about 200 people, most of whom are connected with the iron works at that point. Next in importance to Steubenville, among the towns of Jefferson is Toronto, originally called Newburg, then Sloan's station. Newburg - Sloan's Station. Michael Myers, Sr., having been employed as scout by the government he received in recognition of his services a title to the fractional section 25, township 4, range 1, on the west bank of the Ohio river. One hundred acres of this land he sold to George Myers' his brother, which in time was transferred to John Depuy, and in the year 1818, Depuy laid out a town called Newburg; lots 60x 120, streets fifty feet. The first hotel in the place was kept by Michael Myers, Jr., a son of the famous " Auver Mike Myers," the scout. The first store was kept by Joseph Kline, and the first blacksmith was James Toland. Newburg, although a noted steamboat landing, and even famous in some respects, never attained any considerable size until the construction of the Cleveland & Pittsburgh railroad, and the establishment of a station at that point called " Sloan's Station." This town's later prosperity dates from her incorporation in 1881, when the name was changed to Toronto, and her manufactories and industries started on a steady " boom." Her population is now estimated at over 3,000. The town is lighted with electric light, new water works are being built, and the municipal government is under the control of a mayor and town council. Her present industries and manufacturies are treated of in another chap- JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 383 ter in this publication, as well as those of the thriving towns of Calumet, McCoy's and Freeman's, directly north of Toronto. Toronto lies partly in Island Creek and partly in Knox township. It cannot be definitely ascertained who was the first settler of Knox township. James Alexander came in 1796. Isaac White came in 1798, and James McCoy in 1799, but others doubtless preceded them. Baltzer Culp settled in New Sumerset in 1800. Michael Myers, Sr., settled on the west bank of the Ohio, below the mouth of Croxton's run in 1800, and John Johnson settled on Jeremy's run in 1801. Michael Myers established a ferry opposite Gamble's run and built a large stone house on the west bank of the Ohio, where he kept a hotel for at least forty years. Other towns in Knox township are Knoxville, situated near the center of the township. It is one of the oldest towns in this part of the county; its situation — removed from any large stream and without a railroad has not been favorable to any growth. The present number of inhabitants is about 100. McCoy's Station was originally named Shanghei, and was laid out by Lewis K. McCoy in 1857, William F. Simeral, surveyor. L. K. McCoy's dwelling house and James Young's store house stood near the present site of the depot at the time the town was laid out, but Samuel Henry built the first house on the town plat after it was surveyed; it is now occupied by Levi Henry. The number of inhabitants is about 300. This village is situated on the west bank of the Ohio river at the mouth of Jeremy's run, in Knox township, Jefferson county, Ohio. This place is now called Empire. New Somerset is a small village situated in the northwestern part of Knox township. It was laid out in February, 1816, by Baltzer Culp. Population about 100. Calumet is a few miles above Toronto, and was originally called Elliottsville. Population about 175. Salem Township. This township contains thirty-six square miles, and is identical with township 10, range 3, of the Steubenville congressional land district. It cannot now be definitely ascertained who was the first settler of Salem township, but amongst the first families to settle permanently were those of James Moore, Edward Devine, Joseph Hall, Stephen Ford, Joseph Hobson, Joseph Talbott, William Farquhar, Ezekiel Cole, William Bailey and James Bailey. These located about the year 1800. There are in the township of Salem three villages, Richmond, East Springfield and Salem. The township was organized in 1808, and the first election held at Fairfield, September 5, 1873. Richmond. In the year 1799, Joseph Talbott bought of Bazaleel Wells, the northeast quarter of section 10, township 10, range 3, for which he paid $2.50 per acre. The next year (1800) he settled upon the land, and in 1815 employed a surveyor named Isaac Jenkins to lay out a town, street 60 feet wide, lots 60x160 feet. The work was completed September 20, 1815, and the new town named Richmond. The first house was a log dwelling, 18x28, built by Benjamin Hartman, who kept hotel and followed blacksmithing. His house was located where 384 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. Cahill's drug store now stands. Allen Farquhar kept the first store. In 1817 there were five families in the town, viz.: William Talbott, Benjamin Hartman, William McCarel, Anderson Judkins, and William Bahan. Anderson Judkins was the first physician. Richmond was incorporated in 1835. It now has about 500 inhabitants. East Springfield is situated on the northwest quarter of section 35, township t0, range 3. It was laid out by John Gillis, Jr., in February, 1803, lots 60x132 feet, streets fifty-five feet wide. In 1809 there were but three houses in the place. Sheriff Douglas, William Leslie, David Lyons, John Hague, John McCoombs and Thomas and Patrick Hardenmadder were among the earliest inhabitants. The Hardenmadders went out in the war of 1812, and did not return to East Springfield. John Hague kept the first hotel near where Mr. Porter now lives, afterward (in 1810) built where A. Calhoun now keeps hotel. The first store in the village was kept by Charles Leslie in 1813, and stood just opposite to Shane's Hotel. David Lyons was a blacksmith, and in 1810 made nails to shingle the houses. Daniel Markham was also a blacksmith, and made saddle tacks about the same time. The first preaching in the vicinity was by Rev. Joseph Hall, Methodist. The first school was taught by Jack Gillis in 1814. It has a population of 250. Salem is situated on sections 32 and 33 of Salem towhship, Jefferson county, Ohio, while a portion of it lies in Harrison county, Ohio. It was laid out by Isaac Helmick in 1802, lots 60x132 feet, streets fifty feet wide. The first house on the premises was built by John Sunderland. The first store was kept by John Wilson. The first regular hotel was kept by William Mugg, and the first sermon was preached by Rev. John Rhinehart, Lutheran. The postoffice was established in 1815, and the first postmaster was Robert Baird. It numbers about 180 inhabitants. Mount Pleasant Township was organized March 3, 1807, from Short Creek township. In this locality wool-growing and stock-raising have largely taken the place of grain-growing, and the mills have mostly disappeared from the creeks. It is probable that Robert Carothers and Jesse Thomas were the first settlers in Mount Pleasant township. They came from Pennsylvania and settled the land on which the village now stands in 1796 — Carothers on the eastern part and Thomas on the western side. They together laid off the 'village on this land in 1804. Adam Dunlap also came in 1796, settled on the land now owned by John Weatherton, east of the village. Col. McCune came in 1798, and settled about three and a half miles southeast. This property is now owned by John Weatherson. John Tygart came also in 1798 and settled on adjoining land to McCune. It is now the property of John Parke and Isaac Radcliff. Col. Joseph McKee came about the same time, and settled northeast of Col. McCune, on the farm now owned by Richard Hope. William Finney and Adam Dunlap about 1798 or 1799; settled between Robinson and Dunlap. Aaron Schemerhorn now owns the Finney farm, and Sarah E. Jenkins, the Dunlap farm. David Robinson settled in 1798 or '99 on the land now JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 385 owned by William Bowles and Elnathan Pettitt. John Pollock settled in 1798, on Irish Ridge, one mile east of town, on the land now owned by Hon. J. T. Updegraff. William Chambers came in 1799, and settled on the Pollock section. The farm is now owned by Mr. Lazier. Benjamin Scott came from Ireland to Whashington county, Penn., and from there to Mount Pleasant, where he settled in 1798. He settled where the town stands, and kept the first hotel in the place. Jon- athan Taylor came in the spring of 1800, and settled near Trenton, on the farm now owned by D. B. Updegraff, Joseph Dew came from North Carolina July 6, 1800, and settled in what is now the western part of the village. The property belongs to Joseph Walker. John Hurford came about 1800, and settled about four miles west of Mt. Pleasant. Robert Smith now owns the farm. Robert Blackledge came from Washington county, Penn., in 1801, and located one and a half miles west of the village. His farm is now owned by Mary Michener. James Jesse and Aaron Kinsey came in 1802 — settled one mile west of Trenton. Amasa Lipsey, from North Carolina, settled about half a mile west of Mount Pleasant, near where the Friends meeting house at Short Creek stands, in 1800. He remained on this farm until 1853, when he sold it to .Samuel Griffith, to whose heirs it still belongs. Jeremiah Patterson, from North Carolina, settled in 1805, one and a half miles west of Mt. Pleasant. The farm is now the home of his grandson, Asahel H. Patterson. In 1802 Mahlon Patterson came with his parents, Jeremiah and Faith Patterson, and settled on the land now owned by his son, Mahlon Patterson. Aaron Thompson came from Chester county, Penn., in 1802 or 1803 and located some three and a half miles northwest of Mt. Pleasant. The old homestead is now owned by his son, John Thompson. David McMasters came from Virginia, and settled in the village in 1810. He was a Methodist minister, and resided in the first house ever built in that place. It was a log cabin, and stood on the lot now occupied by Thomas Horton's store, but a little east of it. Elisha Harris came from North Carolina, and located in Mt. Pleasant, July 6, 1804. He settled at the west side of the village. His son, Enoch, then a young man, came with him. They soon became prominently identified with the early business interests of the place. Enoch brought with him apple seeds from North Carolina, which he planted, and therefrom grew the trees • that made the first orchard in the township. This orchard was immediately south of the residence of William Humphreyville. The land on which it grew now belongs to Joseph Walker. The orchard is now cut down and cleared away. Mount Pleasant Village.--The principal village in this township was laid out in 1804, by Robert Carothers and Jesse Thomas, the eastern part being on the land of Carothers and the western part on the lands of Thomas. For the first few years its growth was slow, only a few log cabins being built, but during the war of 1812, it began to advance rapidly for those days; business and manufacturing establishments sprung up on every side. A bank was incorporated with a capital of $50,000, that managed its business honorably and successfully and 25 - B. 386 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. promoted the general prosperity of the place. There have been three additions made to the village since it was laid out in 1804. First, by Caleb Dilworth; second, by Enoch Harris; third, by Israel French. The first store in the town was probably started by Enoch Harris in 1804. It was in a small log building at the west end of Main street, near where Alexander D. Humphreyville's cabinet shop is situated. The house has long since been removed and the property is now owned by Joseph Walker. The second store was started by Joseph Gill is 1806. It was located between Chambers' tin shop and the drug store. Mr. Gill was an enterprising, energetic business man, who besides carrying on the mercantile trade, ran a tannery, packed pork, farmed extensively and dealt largely in wild lands. His enterprise aided greatly in developing the resources and business of the community. This old property now belongs to Frank Mitchell. The third store was started by John Hogg in 1812. Mr. Hogg was a man possessed of great business abilities, and besides conducting a large mercantile establishment, he packed pork on a large scale, carried on a tannery and harness shop, etc. The property now belongs to his daughter, Mrs. Fogle. The first tavern was opened by Benjamin Scott in 1806. It stood opposite the Burriss House. The building has been long since removed and no other taken its place. The property now belongs to Charles McGonigal. About the same time a Mr. Buchanan started another tavern in the building now occupied by David N. Milner as a harness shop. The bar room is of hewed logs and is the part now used by Mr. Milner for his shop. In this room soldiers were enlisted and their bounties paid them in the war of 1812. The cupboard in which the bottles of liquors were kept is there yet, with the shelves and wooden doors, just as they were in 1812. It afterward became the practice of hotel keepers to have glass doors to their liquor cupboards, perhaps that the bottles with their tempting contents might be in sight to sharpen the desire to taste. It was, however, not so with this. The first physician was Dr. William Hamilton and the second one Dr. Isaac Parker. Mt. Pleasant now numbers about 1,000 inhabitants. The projected building of the Wheeling & Lake Erie railroad through this section will be of great benefit to this town. The Underground Railroad. - The people of Mt. Pleasant being mostly Friends or Quake*, were from principle opposed to slavery, in fact many of them had left their homes in the bright sunny south and settled 1n this wilderness land with its bleak climate on account of their abhorrence of the institution with its wrongs and cruelties inflicted upon the poor helpless slaves. As early as 1817, a slave would occasionally get across the boundary line between slavery and freedom, the Ohio river, and strike out for Mt. Pleasant, where the class was always kindly received and helped on their way to a land beyond the reach of their masters. These fugitives continued to increase every year, and the means of assisting became more systematized, until finally a regular chain of posts between Mt. Pleasant and Canada was established, so that a slave when he reached one of these posts JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 387 was safe from pursuit. This was called the underground railway, and Mt. Pleasant became famed as the leading station in the United States on this road. Hundreds of slaves escaped over these lines every year, and the train only ceased with the close of the war. Trenton. - This village, which is situated about one mile west of Mt. Pleasant, was laid off about the year 1815, by Ellwood Radcliff. Probably because of its proximity to Mt. Pleasant, it had made but little progress. It contains about 150 inhabitants. Wells Township. - This township was a part of Warren, and was set off from the latter and made a separate township in 1823. It derives its name from B. Wells, a large land owner in early times, and the proprietor of Steubenville. As early as the year 1790, the block house at the mouth of a small stream, called Block House run, about a mile and a half below La Grange, was a frontier post for the hardy pioneer of the northwestern territory. It was not until after the treaty of Gen. Wayne, in 1795, that any permanent settlement was effected. Thomas Taylor came from Pennsylvania and located on ,section 30. Henry Oliver and Ebenezer Spriggs came also in 1778, and located near Taylor. The Tarr family came quite early, and also the Johnsons, Armstrongs, Roberts, Carsons, Daughertys, Milhollands, Dawsons, Grahams and others may be mentioned among pioneers of Wells township, all coming before 1810. John Barrett came about 1800, and was the first justice of the peace in what is now Wells township. He was appointed to the office before Ohio became a state. Brilliant, formerly La Grange, is the principal town in this township. La Grange, Phillipsburg Postoffice. - This place was laid out by Philip Doddridge, and named Phillipsburg, in honor of him, in 1819. The land was purchased from James Ross, of Pittsburgh. Doddridge built the first house for hotel purposes, in 1819, and in 1820 James H. Moore purchased it and opened it first for the accommodation of the public. In 1822 Mr. Moore got the appointment as postmaster, and in the same year, Harden Wheeler and Joseph Rose opened the first store, and several other enterprises soon followed. Henry Hicks was the first physician to locate in the new town. From 1825 until 1836, Phillipsburg did not improve very rapidly, but in the latter year things took a new turn, Means, Collier and Wilson laid out a new addition to Phillipsburg, and called it La Grange, where a number of houses were erected, but the excitement did not last long and things soon resumed their old quiet ways until within the last ten years when a glass house was established there. This venture proved a failure, but the establishment of the Spaulding iron works at this point checked a retrograde movement. It is now a thriving town of 1,500 inhabitants, with churches and schools. Smithfield Township. - The territory comprised within this township was detached by the commissioners from Short Creek, and organized into a new township, November 7, 1805. The election was ordered to be held at the house of William Stewart. It was named after the village -- Smithfield. The chief dependence of the farmers for support for their families — as well as sources of revenue — was the rais- 388 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. ing of wheat and corn. The wheat was largely manufactured into flour, which was shipped in flat-boats down the Ohio to New Orleans and intermediate points, while the corn was fed to hogs, which were slaughtered here and their meat manufactured into bacon, which was hauled in wagons over the mountains to Baltimore, where it was sold. These industries, commencing at an early date, were vigorously carried on until about 1845, when the overtaxed soil began to show signs of exhaustion, and it became necessary to resort to other pursuits for revenue. Wool growing soon assumed a prominent place in agricultural pursuits, and gradually increased until 1865, when it had become the great staple article of trade for the community, and pork packing had ceased. Since this wool growing has been the leading pursuit of the farmers, and to-day there are to be found in this vicinity flocks of as fine thoroughbred sheep as in any other portion of this country. While a large portion of the attention of farmers has been given to wool growing, other kinds of stock have not been neglected. Pure blooded horses and cattle of beautiful forms and symmetry of shape are everywhere found throughout the township. The exact date of the first settlement, or the names of the first individuals who made it, cannot at this day, be ascertained with certainty. There is a probability that among the very first to build their cabins and settle within the limits of Smithfield township, were two squatters, named Simpson and Tyson. They squatted about one-half mile south of the village, on land which was afterward entered by William Kirk, and is now owned by William Purviance, Jr. It is not certain what year they came. They left in 1800. It is well-known that nearly all the permanent early settlers were members of the society of Friends, most of whom came from the southern states, having left that pleasant land on account of their abhorrence of the institution of slavery. Some time from 1798 to 1800, a company of five or six families of this class of people came from North Carolina and settled south of where the village of Smithfield now stands. The names of these families, as nearly as can now be ascertained, were Richard Kinsey, Christopher Kinsey, Mason Miller, Richard Jelkes, Malachi Jolly and Alberson. Jolly's land laid west of what is now known as the William Purviance farm; then west of this was section 16, which was school land; then north of this section was John Morton, who owned the southeast quarter, and Cadwallader Evans, who owned the northeast quarter. These came about 1802 or 1803. The northwest quarter was settled by Joseph McGrew, and the southwest is owned by Jacob Ong. North of this section, Samuel Cope, of Redstone, Penn., entered a half section. On this he located his son Joseph, who lived and died there, and left it to his sons, B. W. Cope, William Cope and Willits Cope. These are north and northwest of the village. James Purviance, as early as 1806, entered two sections east of the Cope land. These two sections extend east to the Wells township line and south to the Jolly land, the place of beginning. It appears that Mr. Purviance bought this land for his children, as six of his sons and one of his daughters, Mrs. Sarah Sidwell, and her hus- JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 389 band, settled on it. Thomas, one of the sons, occupied 200 acres in the northeastern part, now owned by John Sutherland and the widow Hobbs. James owned 146 acres on the south, now owned by John Scott. Richard had 200 acres in the southeast corner. William, 200 acres of northwest part; Mrs. Sarah Sidwell, 120 aches; David, 200 acres; Joseph, 200 acres in the southern corner. Thomas and James came and settled first. They came not later than 1810. The others came at later periods. Still further south, among the first settlers, we find the names John Naylor, Caleb Kirk, Thomas Carr, Richard Logan, John Cramlet and Nathaniel Kollum. Walter Francis settled near York in 1799. Jacob Minteer settled on northeast quarter section 27, in the spring of 1800. In the neighborhood of Adena, about 1800, John Stoneman settled on the farm now owned and occupied by James Russell. John Wallace settled on the farm now owned by George Hamilton, and John McLaughlin settled on the farm now owned by Samuel R. McLaughlin. There are three towns or villages in the township, Smithfield, York and. Adena. There are three postoffices, Smithfield, Updegraff (at York) and Adena. There are ten sub-districts in the township, exclusive of the independent district in the village of Smithfield. The number of youth in these districts of school age, as returned in 1878, was, white males, 205; white females, 209; colored males, 12 ; colored females, 7. Total, 533. The township is also divided into two election districts or voting precincts, one voting place being at York, and the other at Smithfield. The total vote of the township at the presidential election of 1876 was 460, of which Hayes received 328, and Tilden 132. Smithfield Village. - As early as 1800, Horton J. Howard and Abel Townsend entered section 11, on a part of which Smithfield is located. This land they sold out in small tracts to the following persons: James Garretson, forty-eight acres southwest corner, now owned by William Naylor; north of this Caleb Kirk, seventy-six acres, now owned by Mathias Ong and W. A. Judkins; still further north to Joel Hutton and Casparius Garretson, 100 acres, which at an early day passed into the hands of William and Samuel Naylor, now owned by the heirs of Thomas Wood, son of William Wood; and a fraction still further north, to William Wood, which passed into the hands of Benjamin Ladd and is now owned by Hugh Hammond. James Carr bought the east half of the northeast quarter, on which the town is located. There have been two additions made to the village since it was first laid off, both by the original proprietor, Mr. Carr. The first addition was made in 1805; the second in 1815. The village of Smithfield was laid out by James Carr in 1803. The first house built was a log cabin that stood on High street. The second house was built in 1804, by Mr. Griffith, opposite the site of Litten's Hotel. This was the first store in the village, kept by William Wood. Sherman House. - This is the oldest hotel in the township, and perhaps the oldest hotel, continuously used as such, in the county. In 1804, Josiah Glover, who came from Baltimore, hewed the logs and 390 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. raised and covered the building that still forms a part of this house. Without completing this house he went back to Maryland, and remained there until 1808, when he returned to Smithfield, finished it and opened up a hotel which he ran until 1820 when he leased it to Mr. Duvall for two years. At the expiration of the term of the lease Mr. Glover again resumed the business himself, which he continued until his death, about 1850. After Mr. Glover's death, his son Cuthbert Glover, assumed control and continued the business until 1863, when he sold to John Gilmore, who conducted it until 1864, when he sold it to Jesse Litten, who took possession October 1st, of that year. Mr. Litten has continued the business ever since, and makes it an excellent house. This house has had several additions made to it since it was first built in 1804, but the old log building is still an integral portion of the structure. Some of the stores at an early date were those of William Matthews, Blackstone & Ladd and Finley B. McGrew. Tanneries were among the first enterprises. The first tannery in Smithfield was started by a man named Moore, as early as 1804. Belford Griffith managed the establishment. It appears probable that Moore started it to give Griffith a start in business. It was on the west of town, in a field now owned by Dr. Bates. Not a vestige of it remains. Lewis Carey started the second one as early as 1809. It was located at the extreme east side of the village at the terminus of Tanner street. It went down many years ago, and nothing remains to denote the place where it stood. The property is now owned by David Hayne. William Sharon, the father of Senator Sharon, put in operation the third tannery, about 1817. It was situated on the property now owned by William A. Judkins, at the south end of town. He continued the business until 1844, when he sold the stock and rented the yard for three years to George Lee, after which it went down. John Wood was the fourth to start a tan yard. William Burrell, who located at Smithfield, in 1807, was the first doctor, and William Carr was the first blacksmith. Joel Klutter was the first shoemaker, and Isaac Wickersham constructed the first mill (a hand mill), in 1804, and in 1808, James Carr built a horse mill. Pork Packing. - The pork packing business was one of the earlier industries of the place. It was probably commenced as early as 1815, and soon became one of the principal money products of the farmer, and so continued for many years. It was a considerable item of trade as late as 1865; in fact there is still something done in the business. Benjamin W. Ladd was the first to engage in the business, and carrying it on with success, other parties were soon prompted to engage in it also, until finally all the merchants in the place were engaged in the pork trade. The village was incorporated in 1832 and the incorporation act amended in 1833. It has quite a number of thriving business houses and an excellent and prosperous batik. The county fair is held at this place. The population at present is about g00. The village of York, in this township, was laid out by David Upde- JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 391 graff, in 1815, from whom the post-office receives the name of Updegraff. It numbers about ma citizens. Adena is a small village of fifty people in the southwest corner of the township, Wayne Township. This township was organized in 1805. There is great difficulty in determining with certainty who the first settlers were, when they settled, or where. It is probable that about 1796 or 1797, was as early as any whites settled within the present limits of the township. It is conceded that the first white child born in the limits of Wayne, was John Mansfield, who was born on section 10, December, 1797, and Joseph Copeland was the second white child born within the township, in 1800. James Blackburn alive from Westmoreland county, Penn., in 1798, and settled two and a half miles southeast of Bloomfield, and his brother, Anthony Blackburn, came at the same time and settled beside him. John Maxwell came from the same place at the same time and settled near the Blackburns, and Jacob Ong settled on Short creek at an early date. Hayti. - There is in the southern part of this township a colony or neighborhood of colored people, which originated the application of the name of Hayti to their settlement. About 1835, a Mr. Buford, of Charles City county, Va., liberated six or eight slaves, who emigrated to Ohio and settled on Still Water, Harrison county. They were sent under the guardianship of Benjamin Ladd. The same Mr. Buford subsequently, about 1830, liberated some five or six families, containing eighteen or twenty persons in all. These last were sent under the guardian care of Robert Ladd, who first bought a quarter section of land, and then another lot of 105 acres of Thomas Mansfield, and settled them on it, where these colored people have since lived. By Mr. Buford's will these lands were to be divided among the children of these families as they became of age. When the lends were thus finally divided, there were from five to fifteen acres to each heir. There were, in 1879, eleven families, amounting in all to some fifty or sixty persons, occupying the premises. They have two churches— one Baptist and one Methodist Episcopal church, with Sabbath schools connected with each. The Methodist Episcopal church was established about 1845, and the Baptist church in 1870. They are also organized into a separate sub-district for school purposes. Upon the whole, they do not appear to have progressed very much in material prosperity, or improved in moral or intellectual development. The town of Bloomfield was laid out in 1817 by David Craig. Its population is about 300. It is now called Bloomingdale. Unionport. - This town, located at Cross creek, on the P. C. railroad, was laid out by William Hervey, in July, 1859. When the surveyor, Joseph Rickey, came to survey the lots for the town, three or four names were given him from which to select one for the new town. It was desired to get a name for it not given to any other town in the state. The names selected for him to choose from were Kossuth, Exchange Mills, Unionport and Herveysville. Unionport was chosen 392 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. and the lots surveyed and sold. The town was originally laid off on the south side of the creek, but lots were from time to time bought from the adjoining land, on the north side of the creek and buildings erected, until June, 1879, when these and other lots were regularly surveyed out and an addition made on the north side of the stream, along the track of the ralroad, which became a part of the town. This is the greatest shipping point on this railroad between Steubenville and Dennison. Grain and stock of all kinds are largely shipped from this place. The village contains three dry goods and grocery stores, one drug store, two hotels, one wagon and carriage shop, with blacksmith shop, two blacksmith shops, one flouring-mill, one saw-mill, one lumber yard, one grain warehouse, one boot and shoe shop, one tin shop, one millinery store, one dressmaker, one broom factory, one carpenter shop, one hardware and agricultural store, one watchmaker, and jewelry store, one physician, three churches one Methodist Episcopal church, one Presbyterian and one Disciples church. Population about 300. The first store kept in the village was started by Coleman & Hervey, in 1854. William Hervey kept the only hotel in the place until 1872, when he was succeeded by William Mc who still continues the business. Then Samuel Sproat started a hotel, which he is successfully conducting. The next hotel was started by Sproat and is still in successful operation. Exchange Mills. There was an old water mill on the property now occupied by these mills, when Mr. Hervey bought it in 1850. This old mill he removed and replaced it with a new one, in which he put new double engines. In 1866 he sold it. Since then it has passed through several hands. The steam engines were taken out and the mill is now run by water power, and is doing a good business. The Carriage Shops were first started by Thomas Potts as a wagon shop in 1847. In 1858-60, the three sons becoming interested in it, gradually discontinued the wagon making business and changed to carriage making. George, one of the sons, finally became sole owner and carried on the business until 1876, when Thomas Hare of Pittsburgh, became propietor, and leased it to W. C. Cookson, who now carries on the business. Italian Marble Works. - This enterprise was first started at Annapolis, by John J. Gruber, the present proprietor, in 1870, and re-established at Unionport, April 1,1874, where he continues the manufacture of monuments and head stones of every description. He furnishes work to from four to six employes. Population at present is about 600. Cresswell. This is an office established at Skelly's station, on the P. C. & St. L. railroad. It was established in 1869. Population about 30. Fairplay is a postoffice, and was established at Bloomfield Station, 1858. Its population is about 100. Ross Township was named in honor of Judge James Ross, and erected in 1812. Between the years 1800 and 1805, a number of squat- JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 393 ters built cabins along Yellow creek, hunted, fished and sometimes boiled salt at the salt springs on section 34, but they were not owners of land, and being migratory in their habits, soon disappeared from the scene of action. Among them were William Castleman, Mark Duke, John Bruce, John Davis, Jacob Drake and William Roach. The first permanent settlers were Thomas George, Allen Speedy, Arthur Latimer, Stephen Coe, Lodowick Hardenbrook, Joseph Elliott, John Farguhar, Thomas Bay, William Scott, Henry Crabs, J0seph Reed, Isaac Shane and others. Thomas Bay was a participant in the disgraceful tragedy enacted at Gnadenhutten under Col. Williamson, but always seemed filled with remorse for the part he took in the murder of the Moravians. Salt Works. - When the Steubenville land district was surveyed sections containing any valuable minerals were retained by the government. Under this rule section 34, of township 11, range 3, upon which was situated the Salt Licks, was retained, but this did not prevent hunters and others from utilizing these springs for the manufacture on a small scale of that very essential article, salt. At that time salt was brought from eastern Virginia on horseback across the Allegheny mountains, and was worth in the Ohio valley $8 per bushel, hence the very natural desire of the settlers to cheapen the price of that indispensable commodity. As early as 1802, Henry Daniels had a small furnace erected for boiling.salt. He sunk a hollow sycamore log in an upright position at the spring, and from this reservoir the salt water was dipped into the kettles and boiled, producing about three bushels per day. So great was the demand that Isaac Shane, who went there in 1803, for salt, found the place thronged with anxious customers and was obliged to return without the coveted article. At this time wood was used in the furnaces, but about 1820, coal was substituted by Mordecai Moore. This facilitated business and the salt water was now pumped up into a reservoir and conducted by means of wooden pipes back to the bluff, a quarter of a mile distant, where the coal could be conveniently procured. The brine afforded by the spring being very weak, one Jack Peterson, formerly a constable under the territorial government, conceived the idea of boring a well. This was accomplished with a good deal of difficulty, as it had to be done by hand with the assistance of a spring pole, but was done, and at a depth of 300 feet a vein of salt was struck, an abundant flow of brine "strong enough to carry an egg" was obtained. His success gave an impetus to the business and numerous wells were put down at various places, some getting salt and some getting water. About the year 1815, Mordecai Moore came to the locality and seeing the slowness with which salt water evaporated from kettles, he substituted shallow pans. This was a successful venture, and Mr. Moore following it up accumulated considerable wealth, but the works were abandoned as unprofitable. In 1826, Stewart McClave bought a part of section 34, and his grandson now lives on the property. Just in front of his house on the bank of Yellow creek, may be found a mound several rods in diameter and 394 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. about five feet high. On examination it will be found to be composed of cinder, and marks the location of the old " United States Salt Works." About the year 1865, a Mr. Moss, from New York city, was prospecting for oil along Yellow creek, and sunk a four-inch well on section 16, near William McLain's, to a depth of 500 feet, but instead of oil, struck salt, and building suitable works, went into the manufacture of that article. Sold 300 or 400 barrels, but being unable to compete with large manufactories, abandoned his works in 1866. Several smaller ventures have at different times been made on Yellow creek, but no record of their operations has been kept. In this township is the small village of Mooretown, of about twenty-five inhabitants. At this place Richard Coe, in 1808, erected the first-grist mill in the township. Robert George kept the first store in 1828. Springfield Township.—What now constitutes Springfield, originally belonged to, or was a part of several townships, but by the territory being subdivided in creating new counties, it has finally assumed its present shape. Solomon Miller, from Fayette county, Penn., settled in 180o, and was one of the first prominent settlers within the present limits of this township. He settled on section T0, but being too poor to buy the section, and nothing less at that time could be entered, after having lived two years on it, and made considerable improvements, the section was entered by Henry Miser in 1802, and Mr. Miller was dispossessed, and had to commence anew on section 11. In 1801 Stewart McClave settled on section 6, and from 1801 to 1806 came John Stutz, Joseph Gorden, Jacob Springer, Thomas Peterson, James Allman, Henry Isinogle, George Albaugh, James Rutledge, Mr. Davidson, Mr. Wells, Robert Young, Adley Calhoon and son, William S. Jenkins, James Campbell, S. Dorrance, Philip Burgett and several others whose names we are unable to obtain, but all of these old settlers have passed away and almost forgotten, but the noble deeds of these old fathers should be perpetuated. and their hardships recorded, that they may live in the remembrance of posterity. Amsterdam, a small village of 200 people, was laid out in 1828, by David Johnson. Nebo, in this township, is still smaller than Amsterdam, containing but one store and a flouring-mill. Bergholz is the largest village in the township, containing about 100 inhabitants. The Yellow Creek coal company works are located here. Brush Creek Township.—When Columbiana county was erected from Jefferson, March 25, 1803, nearly all of what is now Bush Creek township, was within the limits of the new county, but the legislature passed an act December 5, 1832, re-arranging the line between the two counties, which placed the territory of this township again in Jefferson. The county commissioners, March 5, 1833, detached one tier of sections from the north side of Ross, and attached them to the territory recently acquired from Columbiana county, and organized it into a township, which they called Brush Creek, after the principal stream of water that passes through it. JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 395 Martin Adams, who was one of the oldest inhabitants of the neighborhood, was born November 18, 1778, and died February 26, 1864, aged eighty-five years, three months and eight days. He bought his farm from the government in 1805, and moved to it March 25, 1806, and never removed from it until his death. He was a man of some note in his day, having served as justice of the peace of Brush Creek township for a number of years, and was for a while postmaster of Cope's Mill postoffice. He donated the ground (being a part of his farm) on which the Chestnut Grove church and cemetery are located. He had a distillery and horse-power mill in early times, and by selling liquor and through miserly economy all his life, had accumulated a large fortune, which was scattered at his death among impatient and dissatisfied legatees. He was never married. Among the other old settlers were Thomas Gillingham, agent for Nathan Harper, Joseph Potts & Co., salt boilers, who were a company of Quakers from Bucks county, Penn.; Henry Emmons, on the prop- erty since known as Collinswood; Matthew Russell (father of Robert, John, Arthur and Joseph Russell), at or near Hammondsville. Thomas Adams, who came about 1810, and settled on section 27. Jacob Ritter settled near Monroeville, in 1810. Joshua Downard came about the same time. There is but one village in the township. It was laid out by Abraham Croxton. It was named Monroeville in honor of James Monroe, president of the United States. It contains one store, one blacksmith shop, one shoemaker shop, two wagon makers, one tannery and a population of eighty. Croxton. This is the only postoffice in the township. It is in the village of Monroeville, and was called Croxton in honor of the proprietor of the village, Abraham Croxton. It was established in 1836. Island Creek Township was erected in 1806 out of Steubenville township, being one of the original five townships into which Jefferson county was divided in 1803. It contains thirty-six sections of township 7, range 2; also four full sections and seven fractional sections of township 3, range 1, of the original " seven ranges" surveyed by the government in 1785-6. It received its name from Island creek, the principal stream which traverses the township from west to east and empties into the Ohio opposite Brown's Island. We cannot state absolutely who is entitled to be named as the first settler of Island Creek township, but we know that the following may be justly entitled "early settlers," viz.: Isaac Shane, James Shane, Andrew Ault, Daniel Viers, Nathan Palmer, William Jackman, Philip Cable, Richard Lee. Allikana, described previously, lies partly in Island Creek township. Toronto also lies partly in this township. In it are two postoffices, Island Creek, of about 200 inhabitants, and Jeddo, of about ten in habitants. Saline Township is situated at the northeastern corner of the township. Among the early settlers were William McCullough at the mouth of Yellow creek about 1800. Previous to this William Vantellburg had located near the present site of Port Homer. Joshua Downer was the first to discover salt in this township in 1806. Samuel and Henry 396 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. Potts came about 1804. In this township are the following towns and postoffices: Hammondsville was laid out on the property of Charles Hammond in 1852, and named for him. W. H. Wallace came from Port Homer in the same year, and opened the first store, and was appointed first postmaster. During̊ the year a number of buildings were erected, among them being a large and commodious hotel, built by Joseph Russell. The Ham mondsville Mining and Coal company was .then organized with Mr. Wallace as manager, and things loomed up and business was brisk. They commenced the manufactory of fire brick in 1856, but sold out that branch of enterprise to Lacy & Saxton in 1858. A steam saw-mill had been erected, which was doing a large business all the time, merchants, blacksmiths and wagonmakers thrived, and in fact Hammondsville had all that was required to make it quite a town, excepting a church, although the Catholics bought a schoolhouse and held their services in it. Thus the town flourished in all its glory until the panic of 1873, when things took a sudden downward path, and business collapsed to a great ektent, but the mineral resources around the town are too great for it to remain dormant for a great length of time. The present business of the village consists of a large coal and coke works, owned by W. H. Wallace & Sons, four stores, one large wagon and blacksmith shop, one hotel, one good school, and there is one physician in the town. The Cleveland & Pittsburgh railroad also passes through the place. Its population is 300. Irondale. - In what is now the incorporated village of Irondale, on Yellow creek, Joshua Downer first discovered salt water in 1806, and the first well was put down by Samuel Potts. This well furnished sufficient brine to make six barrels per day, of salt. Soon after James Rodgers put down two more wells, the capacity of each well being about five barrels per day. About this time a village was started and given the name of Pottsdale, and a bank was opened by the Potts brothers for their own convenience. Salt at this lime was in good demand and brought about $16 a barrel. Their only means of transportation was to haul it on carts or wagons to the' mouth of Yellow creek and then ship by boat. This enterprise did not last a great many years, as salt was discovered in larger quantities in other parts of the country. When the manufacture of salt was discontinued, the once flourishing village of Pottsdale went to decay, and its several owners turned it into farms, and thus it resumed the quietude of a rural district, until 1861, when a company, with John Hunter as its manager, commenced mining and shipping coal from this place. A second village then sprung up taking the name of Huntersville. In 1869, a company called the Pioneer Iron company, built a rolling mill at a cost of $130,000, which gave employment to 150 men. This gave an opening to every class of business, and the town was properly laid out and given the name of Irondale. In 1870, the first store was started in the new village, by Morgan and Hunter, with R. G. Richards as manager; he was also appointed first postmaster. This was a flourishing year for Irondale, for next came the erection of a large blast-furnace, by JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 397 the Morgan Iron & Coal company, at a cost of $162,000, giving employment to 200 men. The same year a large hotel was built by Mrs. Mary Evans. Irondale continued prosperous for three years, and had a population of 1,500. In 1873 the panic came, and the furnace and rolling mill were shut down, and Irondale has been on the decline ever since. A very elaborate coal-washing establishment was erected here, for the purpose of cleansing the coal number six, of its sulphide of iron, with a view to the manufacture of coke from it. So far the experiment has only been moderately successful. The present business of Irondale consists of one good hotel, the " American House," kept by Mrs. Mary Evans, a postoffice and store kept by C. P. Evans, one large general store, consisting of dry goods, groceries, and drugs, kept by Frank Brady, two large fire-brick works, near the town, two shoemakers, and one blacksmith and wagon shop. There is one good school, employing two teachers, two churches, one Methodist Episcopal, and one Presbyterian church, and there is one minister, and one physician, B. R. Parke, M. D. Population 1,100. Port Homer. - In 1814, W. H. Wallace, now of Hammondsville, came from Yellow Creek, and opened a store and postoffice, and gave the place the name of Port Homer, in honor of his son Homer. This soon became quite a prominent shipping point for all this section of the country. This village has fallen off in late years, and now does not number over fifty people. Linton, a village of 100 inhabitants, is situated at the mouth of Yellow creek. Mining and shipping coal is its principal business. Cross Creek Township. - The organization of this township first appears on the records of the county in 1806. It takes its name from Cross creek, a stream passing through it. The first settlement within the present limits of the township was made by William Whitcraft, George Mahan and William McElroy, in the spring of 1797. In the spring of 1798 the Bickerstaffs and John Johnson came from Washington county, Penn., purchased land of Bezaleel Wells, and located on sections 5 and 6. Eli Kelly, George Halliwell, John McConnell, John Long, John Scott and Moses Hunter were all settled in the township before 1800. Nathan Caselaer came very early, also, but soon moved back to Pennsylvania. William McConnell was also among the second lot of settlers, John Ekey located on section about 1803; he obtained a patent for that section, dated October 19, 1808. In 1809 James Thompson came from Ireland and purchased land from John Ekey. He lived under a large tree until he could cut logs and build a cabin. James Scott also cast his lot among his Irish neighbors in Cross Creek, on the northeast corner of section 2, about the same time. John Permar moved from the state of Maryland to Washington county, Penn., and in 1806 he came to Jefferson county and purchased land in section 5 of this township, on which land a small clearing had been made and a cabin built, by a man named King, with a view to purchase, but he failed to make the payments, and had to give it up. Jacob Welday, a German, came in 1800, and located on section 14. Hugh McCullough emigrated from Ireland to. Penn- 398 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. sylvania in 1792, Ad located in Fayette county, where he gained his first knowledge of American enterprise from his countrymen who had come before. In 1803 he came to Cross Creek, where he remained until his death in 1854. David Dunlevy made the first whisky in the township about 1803; he had located on section 33 in that year. About the same time Joseph Dunn settled here also. Charles Maxwell, a millwright by trade, came from Fayette county Penn., in the spring of 1806, and in 1807 he built a mill on the site of McGrew's mill; he also built the first brick house in the western end of the township in 1827. Thomas Elliott and Andrew Anderson were also among the pioneers of the west end of Cross Creek. John. Wright came in .181 1, and located on the northeast quarter of section 29. Samuel Smith emigrated from Ireland, and located for a short time in Fayette county, Penn., but in 1800 he joined the Irish colony in this township, and located near where the village of Alexandria now stands. William Moore was among the first to settle in this township; he crossed the Ohio river at Steubenville with his family, consisting of wife and four children, and like most of the settlers of Cross Creek, was a native of Ireland, having emigrated to Pennsylvania about 1807, and came to Cross Creek about 1814. Samuel Iron came from Ireland, and settled about 1801. The pioneers of Cross Creek were almost entirely of Irish nativity, having left their native land on account of religious persecution, being all of the Protestant faith — either Methodists, Seceders or Episcopalians; and one of their first efforts was to establish places of worship, and their cabins were the scene of many a good old time prayer meeting; where they worshipped God according to the dictates of their own conscience, without fear or molestation. New Alexandria, in this township, a village of 200 people, takes its name from Alexander Smith, who laid it out in 1831. It was incorporated in 1871. Wintersville was laid out by John Winters about 1831, although the first house in the place had been built by David Freelin, some time before. Mr. Winters laid out the town and built the first frame house, for a hotel, James McCoy doing the carpenter work. Mr. Winters also kept the first store. The second hotel was kept by Frank Reynolds, and the third by a man named Lyle. Robert McCoy kept the first postoffice, and also kept the second store in Wintersville. Mr. Priest was also among the early merchants. In 1840, Wintersville had a population of 107, and to-day it will not run over 75, and is going downward. The present business consists of three small groceries, two blacksmith and wagon shops, and has one doctor, one preacher and a postmaster. Its close proximity to Steubenville renders it unfit for business. There is one Methodist church in the vicinity. Holmes Mill Postoffice. - This place was almost unknown until the railroad was completed, when Thomas Holmes started a small store and postoffice, he being postmaster. The railroad station here is called Smithfield Station. Mr. Holmes kept the position of post- JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO - 399 master until 1873, when r. A. McManns was appointed. The business consists of a grist-mill, blacksmith shop, and one small store. This place is now called Fernwood, and has a population of 100. Warren Township. - This was one of the original townships in the county. J. C. McCleary, Esq., says: " George Carpenter, a noted Indian spy, established a block house below the mouth of Rush run, in about 1785. The next year Enos Kimberly, Robert McCleary, Benedick Wells, John McElroy, John Humphrey and some others, made a settlement at the mouth of Short creek, where the town of Warrenton is now situated. About the year 1784 or 1785, John Tilton, Charles Kimball and two or three others, crossed the Ohio river with their families, and settled on the present site of. the village of Tiltonville. In a block house at this point, Caleb Tilton was born, and is believed by some to be the first white child born west of the Ohio river. These persons are long since deceased, and quite a number of their descendants are still living and residing upon the lands purchased by their ancestors." Robert McCleary was born in York county, Penn., in 1760, and at the age of thirty years migrated to what is now Jefferson county. Joseph Tilton was born in 1766, and died on the land upon which he settled, in Warren township, in 1860. Solomon Scamehorn, was born in Washington county, Penn., and emigrated from said state to Jefferson county, and settled in Warren township, in 1797. The Lisbys emigrated to Warren township from Maryland and located in now Portland, in 1801. William Lewis settled in Warren township in 1801-2. He was born in Fayette county, Penn., in 1796. James McCormick came from Mercer county, Penn., in 1810 (where he was born), and located in Warren township. The Maxwells emigrated to Warren township, in 1810. They were natives of Ireland, and came to America in 1782. first settling near Winchester. The lands in this township were first located by the early settlers, along the Ohio river, between what is now known as Yorkville and Rush Run, and then they gradually penetrated the forests westward. The author would like very much to have given a larger list of the pioneers, but is unable to get their names traditionally and is necessarily obliged to omit many, no doubt, of other prominent settlers besides those given. Warrenton. - The village of Warrenton was surveyed and a public sale of lots was made by Enos Kimberley, Esq., in 1805. It is situated on the river bank, immediately above the mouth of Short creek. Mr. Silas Hatheway says that the third house ever built in this place is still standing, and is now owned by W. S. Hatheway. It was erected in the fall of 1800, and completed in the spring of 1801. The oldest house in the town is situated on the river bank, which was built by one Tilton, and is now owned and occupied by the widow Chamberlain. There has been two additions made to Warrenton. It is the oldest house in the township. It is populated by retired capitalists and church going people, and has an independent school district, containing one of the best schools in the township. Among the early merchants were John and Thomas Shannon. The freshet of 1832 did 400 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. great damage to property at this place, and the flood again in 1852 caused some destruction to property. Its population is about 300. Portland is situated on the C. & P. railroad. Its population is seventy-five. Tiltonville. - This small village, which is situated in the southeastern part of the township, and on the banks of the Ohio river, was laid out by John Tilton, in 1806, in two streets running parallel with the river. It was laid off into seventy-two lots. Mr. S. J. Thery says he came to this village in 1833, and at that time there were seventeen houses. There is a population of 214. Its situation is fifty feet above low water mark, and is not subjected to overflow. In 1832, the highest the river was ever known to be, it was ten feet above the flood. During the days of flat-boat building, this was quite an active little place. Among the flat-boat builders who carried on the business here were James Allis, Nathaniel Sisco, Charley Wilson, Thomas Liston, John Driant and Joseph Hall. These gentlemen continued the business about twenty-five years, and employed a great many hands. The Methodist Episcopal church association of the place was organized in about 1825. Services were first held by this society in the school house, but in about 1850, a church building was erected. Tiltonville has both marine and railroad advantages. Yorkville is a station on the C. & P. railroad, with about 100 people. Rush Run is also a station on the C. & P. railroad, containing about 150 people.