HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY. - 521

HENRY WORTHINGTON was born in Mason county, Ky., September 1, 1826, son of Thomas T, and Arah (Whipps) Worthington, natives of Baltimore county. Md., who settled at Limestone, now Maysville, Ky., about 179. His grandfather, Samuel Worthington, was an English federalist who came to Maryland with one of the Lords Baltimore: he had twenty four children, and has numerous descendants in Mason, Bracken and Mercer counties, Ky. Thomas T. Worthington's family numbered sixteen children, all of whom reached maturity, and three are now living; Madison, a farmer in Mason county, Kr.: 'Martha, wife of William T. Craig, of Sioux City, Iowa, and henry. The last named received his education at a log schoolhouse on his father's farm, His first business venture was the development of an extensive stone quarry in Scioto county, Ohio, with the product of which he freighted steamboats and barges, and supplied materials for bridge abutments, buildings, etc., not only at Cincinnati, but also at Pittsburgh, Louisville, St. Louis. Natchez, etc. This industry gave employment to 500 men dewing summer. During the panic of 1857, owing to the difficulty of making collections, Mr. Worthington sold out the business at a loss of $18,000, although he met all his obligations in full. In 1860 he came to Cincinnati and embarked in the business of handling leaf tobacco, in which he still continues, and is also largely interested in the tobacco business as a producer, his farm of 2,000 acres, probably the largest in Hamilton county, being partly devoted to tobacco culture; he also has interests of a similar nature in Kentucky. Mr. Worthington owns a one-third interest in the Maumee Rolling Mills, Toledo, Ohio; he has invested largely in the electric light plants of Newport and Covington, Ky. ; Circleville, Ohio, and other places; in a blast furnace at Tonawanda, N. Y., in a foundry at Indianapolis. Ind., and in real estate at Toledo, Covington and elsewhere. Since 1853 he has resided at Covington.

522 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

Mr. Worthington married Maria, daughter of Col. Jacob A. Slack, of Mason county, Ky., who died May 30, 1861, leaving four children: Elizabeth, Henry S., Anna and Mattie. Henry S. originated the Chesapeake & Ohio bridge at Cincinnati, secured the charter for it, and, having successfully launched the enterprise, disposed of it at a large profit. He has traveled in Mexico, Europe, etc., and now resides in New York, where he takes high rank among the literati of that city. Elizabeth married Archibald Stuart, proprietor of a newspaper at Toledo, Ohio, and a member of the Thomson-Houston Electrical Company. Anna is the wife of George G. Hamilton, one of the largest tobacco producers of Kentucky. Mr. Worthington was a Whig in ante-bellum days, but is now a Democrat. His religious connection is with the Presbyterian Church.

HAMILTON STOW, retired, was born in Windsor, Broome Co., N. Y., August 10, 1806. He received such limited education as the schools at that time afforded, and after leaving school worked at. farming until 1831, with the exception of two years, one of which was spent clown the Susquehanna, and the other down the Delaware river, where he was engaged in lumbering. In 1832 he went to Olean, N. Y., where he remained until 1840, and while there carried on lumbering in connection with a general grocery business. During the year 1840 he set out as one of the pioneer settlers for western Pennsylvania, the only means of determining the direction to be followed being at that time blazed trees. After reaching his destination he located in Venango county, and, commencing at once the erection of sawmills, again embarked in the lumbering business, in connection with William Wheeler and Henry Dusenbery, both now deceased. All the lumber cut in western Pennsylvania at this time had to be rafted down the river to Cincinnati, and the average amount sent down by his firm each year for thirty years was about three million feet. Mr. Stow resided in Venango county until 1865, closely associated with the whole of its growth, and was a hearty supporter of all of its enterprises. He was also associated in the lumbering business in Cincinnati for a number of years with Gen. Gregory. He retired from an active business life in 1870.

While residing in western Pennsylvania Mr. Stow was closely connected with the organization of the Presbyterian Church of Tionesta, giving largely of his means for that purpose. It was through his efforts the Sunday-school was started; through his untiring, devotion the prayer meeting was sustained, and only by his generous liberality was the erection of the first church made possible. Ho was not satisfied with having made a beginning, but up to the time of his removal manifested the same zeal and energy, in the advancement of the Kingdom of Christ. He was married in 1829 to Betsey Munsell, daughter of James and Doris (Hayes) Munsell, and to them wore born three children, all of whom are dead. Mrs. Stow died and Mr. Stow was again married in 1836 to Mrs. Sallie (Munsell) Thatcher, a sister of his first wife, to which union were born five children, three of whom survive and are named as follows: Hamilton Hobart, who is a prominent oil operator of Toledo; Edgar D., residing in Philadelphia, and largely interested in the oil and banking business, and Ida S., wife of Henry Garlick, dealer in naval stores in Cincinnati. The second son George was in command of Company G, Eighty-third Pennsylvania Regiment, served in the war of the Rebellion and was killed in the battle of the Wilderness. Mrs. Stow died several years ago. She and her husband were moving spirits in the erection of Emmanuel Episcopal church, located near their home on Eastern avenue, the financial interest of which was greatly benefitted by their relationship. Soon after her death Mr. Stow contributed a rectory to that organization, in memory of her who had always been one of the most devout members.

The grandfather of our subject was a major in the Revolutionary war, and both grandfather and great-grandfather attained the ripe old age of eighty-seven before they passed away.

HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY. - 523

There is probably no man whose name is so widely known and so intimately connected with the great, lumbering industry of this country as that of Hamilton Stow, who was not. only one of the earliest pioneers in the business, but who continued to prosecute it up to his retirement from private life, and no one has contributed more to the development of this great industry. He has attained this eminence, not by any caprice of fortune. but, by energy and perseverance, and above all by his sterling qualities of character, and his upright and honorable dealing throughout a busy and an active life. [Since the foregoing was written Mr. Stow has died.-Ed.

JONATHAN OGDEN was born June 12, 1807, in Elizabethtown, N. J., and died June 4, 1888, at the residence of his daughter, Mrs. P. D. Armour, No. 2115 Prairie avenue, Chicago, Ill. He was a descendant of John Ogden, one of two brothers who came from England and settled in New England, where they were engaged as architects and builders, and in 1642 erected the first stone church on Manhattan Island. Jonathan Ogden came to Cincinnati in 1828, was for a number of years one of the leading clothing merchants, and on his retirement from that business dealt extensively in real estate, and was also associated with lumber dealers. He finally retired from all business in 1868, and continued to reside in Cincinnati till within a few years of his death.

On December 21, 1834, be was married to Mary Elizabeth Gorham, daughter of Parsons Gorham, wholesale grocer, of Hartford, Conn., and four children were born of this marriage, viz.: Parsons Gorham. Malvina Belle, Clara Mender, and Frank M. Of this family Parsons Gorham Ogden died at No. 195 W. Fourth street, Cincinnati, December 11, 1892. Malvina Belle Ogden was married October 16, 1802, to Philip D. Armour, of Chicago, and they are the parents of three children: Jonathan Ogden Armour; Joseph F. Armour, who died quite young, and P. D. Armour, Jr. Jonathan Ogden Armour married Miss Letitia Hughes Sheldon, of New York City, and they are living in Chicago; P. D. Armour, Jr., married Miss May Leslie, of Chicago the sons are at present in business with their father in Chicago under the firm name of Armour & Co. Clara Meader Ogden died in infancy December 12, 1843. Frank M. Ogden is in the real-estate business, with office at No. 30 W. Fourth street; he was married August 14, 1889, to Miss Gussie D., daughter of the late Sebastian Debenath, a merchant of Cernay. Alsace, France; they reside in Cincinnati, and are members of the Presbyterian Church.

JOHN W. DAVY, one of the most prominent business men in the West, and one of the leading shoe manufacturers of the country, is a thorough-going American of English extraction. He was born March 29, 1844, in Somerset county, Md., the eldest of the eight children of George and Ann (Ballard) Davy, natives, respectively, of Virginia and Maryland, the former of whom died in November, 1883; the latter still survives, and is now a resident of Maryland. During his early life George Davy was a sea-faring man, interested in ocean trade, and owner, wholly or in part, of several vessels, of one of which he was captain. His father and grandfather, the grandfather and great-grandfather of the immediate subject of this sketch, were likewise vessel-owners and commanders, and like him interested actively and financially in international trade, sailing from Brighton, England, where the family lived for many generations. Of the children born to George and Ann (Ballard) Davy, one son, Dr. R. B. Davy, is a prominent physician of San Francisco, Cal., and three other sons are successful and honored farmers in Maryland.

John W. Davy, like his brothers, was educated in his native State, attending school principally at Princess Anne, the seat of justice of Somerset county, and in 1865, at the ago of twenty-one, began his active business career as salesman for the well-known shoe manufacturers, Tucker & Smith, of Baltimore. This engagement, and the knowledge of the shoe trade which he gained in fulfilling it, in a measure determined his after career, though for a time after leaving the service of Tucker & Smith he was in the employ of the United States & West India Fresh Meat and

524 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

Fruit Company, a corporation which built and controlled ships that were practical refrigerators, and used them in the transportation of meats from Texas, via Gulf of Mexico, to New York and Philadelphia, and fruit from the West Indies to the seaboard markets of the United States. In 1871 Aft. Davy again engaged in the shoe trade, traveling until 1873 as the representative of a Philadelphia house, and after that for one of the celebrated shoe manufactories of Lynn, Mass., until 1876, when he entered the service of the Cincinnati Shoe Manufacturing Company in the same capacity. Later he engaged with Stribley & Company, with which house he was connected during the long period of thirteen years, until the organization in May, 1892, of the Alter & Julien Company, in which he became a partner, and of which he is vice-president. In the management of this concern he has taken a prominent part, and its extensive trade is due in no small measure to the popularity which he obtained in the trade during his long years' experience as a commercial traveler. He was married January 6, 1880, to Florida Lewis, a native of Madison county, Ohio, who has borne him one son, Lewis. Mr. Davy has been a member of the Masonic Fraternity since 1885, and is otherwise identified with important local organizations. As a citizen, be is public-spirited and helpful, and in all the relations of life he has ever followed a consistent course, which has made him deservedly popular and influential.

LEE R. KECK, president of the Memphis & Cincinnati Packet Company, and largely identified with other river and financial interests in Cincinnati, was born in 1848 in Milford, Ohio, son of Leonidas and Hannah (Pedrick) Keck, who were natives of eastern Pennsylvania, of English-German and French nationality. Leonidas Keck came to Ohio over fifty years ago, and became a substantial and successful farmer. He moved his family to Cincinnati when Lee was about six years of age, and the lad passed through the various grades in the city schools, and had spent about a year in high school when the Civil war broke out. Though not yet fully eighteen years of age, young Keck enlisted in a company organized for service in the Fifth Ohio Regiment, being among the first to volunteer in the city. The company, however, was, at the request of its captain, incorporated with the Tenth Ohio, under Col, (afterward Gen.) W. H. Lytle, and, together with its gallant. commander, earned undying fame in the great struggle. After his first, term of enlistment expired the young soldier was promoted to a position in the quartermaster's department under Col. C. W. Moulton, and served for two years and a half. Returning home at the end of that period, he had been here but a short time when the second call for one hundred days' men was made, whereupon he entered the service for the third time as a volunteer and served until the struggle was over. After the war Mr. Keck's principal work until 1881 was that of bookkeeper for M. & L. Glenn, a position he held for twelve years. In 1881 he became connected with the Big Sandy Packet Company in the same capacity, and at the end of his first year was elected secretary and treasurer of this company, an office he still holds. Ho also occupies a similar position in the United States Mail Line, and the Memphis & Cincinnati Packet. Company. Mr. Keck is also president and treasurer of the Cincinnati Marine Railway Company, and is secretary of the Consolidated Boat Store Company. Mr. Keck was married in 1864 to Miss Eveline Glenn, daughter of Lewis Glenn, Esq., of Cincinnati, and they are the parents of two children: Lewis Glenn, who married Ida Hoefinghoff, and Coralie, married to Harry Hoefinghoff; Ida and Harry are son and daughter of Charles Hoefinghoff.

SAMUEL J. HALE, a director of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce, and for many years past a leading merchant and insurance man of Cincinnati, was born at Madison, Maitre, April 27, 1827. His people were of Massachusetts stock, and followed milling, mercantile pursuits and farming. His grandfather, Col. James Hale, gained his title early in this century and was one of the justices of his county. His maternal grandfather, Samuel Jones, after whom he was named, also attained

HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY. - 525

the rank of colonel. Young Hale completed his education at Bloomfield Academy and in 1843 came West with his parents and brother. The journey was made by steamer from Maine to Boston, thence by railroad to Albany, thence by canal packet to Buffalo, thence by the steamer "General Wayne" via Detroit and Mackinaw to Milwaukee, in what was then Wisconsin Territory. After a month's stay in Milwaukee the family went to Chicago, which in 1843 was a very insignificant place. Acres of ground in the heart. of the Chicago of to-day were then purchasable for a smaller price than a front, foot of ground in the same locality commands to-day. From Chicago the family journeyed in a two-horse wagon to Ripley county, Ind., finally settling in Sunman, where they remained for nearly a year.

During the winter of this year young Hale was engaged in school teaching. In 1844 the family returned to Lowell, Mass., returning to Indiana, however, after a short interval, with the exception of Samuel, who had become engaged in a West India goods and ship store establishment in Boston, where he remained until he had attained his majority. He was then offered an interest in the business, but preferred to rejoin his people in Indiana. For a time he read law, but soon abandoned that to engage in the drug business in Aurora, Ind. In 1851 he was elected city clerk of Aurora, and the same year became secretary of the Aurora Insurance and Trust Company. In 1853 he came to Cincinnati, and in connection with Thompson Dean established the general commission and steamboat firm of Dean & Hale, with which he was identified for many years. Shortly after the establishment of this business he became a member of the Chamber of Commerce and of the Mercantile Library Association, and was vice-president of the former, and one of the directory of the latter, for many years. In 1874 he helped to establish the wholesale drug firm of Hale, Justis & Company, which is still in existence. In 1865 he assisted in organizing the Globe Insurance Company, of which he was an officer from its inception, and of which he became president in 1888 upon the retirement of Samuel F. Covington. This office Mr. Hale still holds. In 1868 Mr. Hale removed to Avondale, where he still resides. He served as a member of the Avondale school board for twenty-one years, and for fifteen years of that time was its presiding officer. He has been mayor of Avondale for the whole of two terms, and 'a portion of the third.

Mr. Hale was married in 1852 to Lucinda W. Owen, a descendant of one of the early New England families, and daughter of Ambrose Owen, of Vermont. They have three children, the eldest of whom, William S. Hale, is connected with the wholesale drug firm of Hale & Justice; he is married to Carrie, daughter of -- - Burkhardt, a Louisville merchant, and they have two children, Dean Burkhardt arid Caroline. The second child is Mrs. Sarah Agnes, wife of Dr. J. F. Lemmon, of Los Angeles, Cal. The third, Samuel Ambrose, is a chemist of Los Angeles, Cal. ; he is unmarried. Mr. Samuel J. Hale is a member of the Masonic Order, and of the I. O. O. F. The family are members of the Presbyterian Church of Avondale, and reside in Linden avenue, Avondale.

MAJOR A. J. WHIPPS. There is much of interest in every human life, and no man ever lived and died whose career did not furnish an example or a warning to mankind. Those whose lives have made the world better for their having lived are thrice blessed. Such an edifying and beneficent life was that of the late Andrew Jackson Whipps, known widely as one of the leading tobacco merchants of this part of the country, and affectionately to the tobacco trade as "Uncle Jack"---a man whose career spanned almost seventy-seven years, and whose example during all his active years was resplendent with a never-wavering influence for good.

Mr. Whipps was born on a farm between Minerva and Washington, in Mason county, Ky., the first hour of the first day of the first month of the year 1815, a son of Col. William and Cecil (Finch) Whipps. His father was for many years a very prominent citizen of that part of Kentucky. His mother was born in the early historic days of the "Dark and bloody ground" in the blockhouse at Lexington.

526 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

By intermarriage of the Whipps and Finches with other families, Mr. Whipps was, in one degree or another, connected with most of the families prominent in the history of the State. He acquired a good practical business education and considerable valuable business experience, and in 1863, when he took up his residence in Covington, was a man of affairs of recognized ability. Here he engaged actively in the tobacco business, with which he had been identified since 1846, and in time came to be known as one of Cincinnati's foremost "tobacco men." He it, was who first suggested the first tobacco fair held in this city. Mr. Whipps was married, May 20, 1839, to Miss Elizabeth Adamson, a daughter of Col. Joseph Adamson, of Mason county, Ky. Though never blessed with children, they lived a domestic life singular for its long unbroken happiness, and celebrated their golden wedding in 1889. This event of rare occurrence was the occasion of the gathering together of a very large number of loving and rejoicing friends and relatives to congratulate these aged companions and almost lifelong friends upon their fifty years' journey hand in hand down the pathway of earthly existence. Shortly after their marriage, in 1840, Mr. and Mrs. Whipps confessed the Savior, were baptized, and joined the Christian Church in Germantown, Ky., during a meeting held by the venerable Rev. J. J. Moss and Rev. John T. Johnson of sainted memory, and they were from the very outset of their Christian career active and earnest workers in the cause of salvation. Upon their removal to Covington they united with the old Third Street Church, and in 1866 removed with it to its new edifice on Fifth street., which they assisted very generously in erecting. At the time of the unfortunate dissension which rent the Church asunder they remained loyal to the parent organization, of which Mr. Whipps was a member during the balance of his life, and with which Mrs. Whipps is still identified. By his death, the First Christian Church of Covington lost a steadfast and devoted friend, Cincinnati and Covington one of the foremost citizens of his generation, and his wife a tender and loving husband. He enjoyed the respect and confidence of all, and was everywhere regarded as the soul of honor and truth. In his business relations he was not only just and honorable, but generous, often suffering wrong in preference to insisting upon his rights in instances when to yield them to him would entail hardship upon those with whom he dealt. He was especially generous to young men whom he thought ambitious and deserving. The number he assisted was not few, and there are many to-day who give to "Uncle Jack," as Mr. Whipps was familiarly known, full credit for their first substantial start upon a successful business career. As an instance of his kindly offices in this direction, it may be stated that while largely engaged in handling tobacco at Walton, Ky., he became acquainted with three orphan boys of tender years, upon whose meager earnings their widowed mother was dependent for support, gave them employment, trusted them more and more as be found them worthy of his confidence, eventually gave them an interest in his business, and upon his retirement, a few years ago. turned over the enterprise to them, leaving them, successful, well-established and well-to-do business men, honored citizens and consistent Christians. He was a man of strong convictions and very independent mind, and of a sunny and most jovial temperament. He seldom spoke to the disadvantage of any man, and then only when thoroughly convinced of the justice of his statement. He was temperate in the extreme, indulging in no vices, living in the sight of God and man au upright, pure life. As a Christian he was humble but. very earnest, appreciated and beloved by his brethren and always ready to extend most liberal aid to the Church in her enterprises for the furtherance of the Gospel work. In his home he was affectionate and indulgent. His life was such as one might well desire to lire, and his passing away was calm and peaceful, his only regret, seemingly, having been that he must leave his aged wife, who had depended upon him so long and so implicitly, to continue life's journey alone. He died at his beautiful residence, No. 318 Garrard street, Covington, December 19, 1891, and was interred two days later in Highland Cemetery, Covington's beautiful "City of the Dead."

HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY. - 527

CHARLES BODMAN, formerly senior member of the tobacco warehouse company, which still bears his name, died at the Bodman homestead, lit. Auburn, May 10, 1875. He was born in Hagerstown. Md., February 18, 1827, and was a son of Ferdinand Bodman, who was born July 16, 1801, in a small principality near Frankfort on-the-Main. The latter possessed and embraced many opportunities of acquiring a liberal education. He was graduated from Bamber; College in 1817, and then fully fitted for a business career in a large banking house, where he had charge of the French correspondence. Owing to the political disquietude of Europe at that time, the family, consisting of Davis C. Bodman and three sons, the mother having died eleven years previous, immigrated to America, and located at Hagerstown, Md., Where Ferdinand engaged in mercantile pursuits until the death of his father, six years later. He then removed to Cincinnati, built a large warehouse on Main between Sixth and Seventh streets, and founded the leaf tobacco trade which he lived to see reach great proportions. In pursuance of advice given to him by his father, he also originated the cash system which is still universally observed in the leaf tobacco market of Cincinnati. By constant application to business and good management he accumulated a handsome fortune.. He died July 29, 1874. He always took a lively interest in everything pertaining to the growth and welfare of the city, and was a liberal contributor to all worthy public and charitable enterprises. During the Civil war, though not in the service, be gave the government much valuable aid, and took a lively part in providing relief for the sick and wounded. Mr. Bodman was married, December 14, 1825, to Miss Kate Poplem, of Baltimore, Md., by whom he had six children, two of whom are living: George, a successful merchant in Brussels. Belgium, and Lauretta Louisa, widow of the late Joseph Reichart. who lives with her mother at the old homestead, Mt. Auburn.

In 1852 Charles Bodman established the well known warehouse on West Front street, which at the time of his death did an annual business of nearly two million dollars. He was never married, and traveled very extensively on both hemispheres. He was a good correspondent, and during his trips in various parts of the world many interesting letters from his eloquent pen, signed " Cincinnatian," appeared in the papers of his adopted city. Like his father, it may well be said of him that he was a generous disburser of the ample fortune which he possessed. During his absence, traveling or otherwise, the business was conducted by Mr. H. H. Hoffman. whom he admitted as partner September 1, 1870, when the firm became Charles Bodman & Co., and who is now sole proprietor.

HENRY BLACKBURN MOREHEAD. The subject of this sketch has been for the greater part of his life a citizen of Cincinnati. His father, Governor James Turner Morehead, one of Kentucky's most honored, citizens, was serving his term as a senator of the United States at the time of his son's birth, and in consequence of his long yearly sojourn in Washington, his wife often spent her winters at her father's home in Columbus, Ohio; and thus it was that Henry Blackburn Morehead first saw the light, of day in the, capital of Ohio at the house of his grandfather, Josiah M. Espy, on April 7, 1847.

Governor Morehead had removed front Frankfort to Covington shortly after his election to the Senate, intending to abandon politics after his term had expired and return to his lucrative practice at the bar, hence it was that Henry Blackburn Morehead became a resident of the prosperous city across the Ohio, but at the age of eight years, having lost his father he dying in the prime of his life-his mother removed with her four orphan boys to Urbana, Ohio, where in educating them for a useful life she could have the assistance of her brother, Henry P. Espy, and of her uncle, Dr. William M. Murdock, an active citizen of the town where Mr. Morehead's happiest days were passed, and where he was fitted for his active life by a thorough preparatory education until his fourteenth year at the Urbana University, a small but finely organized school established by the New Church. Urbana is an ideal

528 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

spot for a boy's school days; such joyous holiday sports can be entered into after study hours with the zest that youth gives; there is the walk to the dashing Mad river for an afternoon's fishing, and the freshwater ponds surrounding the town, fed by the never-failing clear springs, afford such opportunities for swimming and for skating frolics. A perfect picture of the life led by the boys in those long-ago days can be found in the late novel of W. D. Howells, called "In a Boys' Town." Mr. Morehead was an active boy in those days, and a bright scholar. One of his old comrades who was present at a dinner given him in Cincinnati previous to his late trip to Europe, summed up his character in these words: " When a boy at school 1 can say of Henry Blackburn Morehead that he worked hard, played hard, and always kept his word."

At the breaking out of the Civil war so many pupils were withdrawn from the Urbana school (all those from Canada and the Southern States) that the institution was compelled, for lack of support, to close for several years, which put an end to Mr. Morehead's career as a schoolboy, and he then removed, temporarily, as it was hoped, to Cincinnati to learn the art of type setting. Two years afterward he took a position in the office of the Frankfort Commonwealth, for many years the organ of the old Whig party of the State of Kentucky. After two years spent in Frankfort, H. B. Morehead returned to Cincinnati where he was given a situation as clerk to Maj. Bannister, a paymaster in the army. His duties in that employment called him to Montgomery, Ala., where he spent several months. In 1565 he returned to Cincinnati and entered the office of Evans & Co., bankers, after which he became clerk for Geo. Eustis & Co., the leading brokers of Third street, where in a few years he graduated as a broker, and formed a partnership with Lyneas Norton in the profession in which he has met with the success his fidelity and energy deserved. In 1882 the firm of H. B. Morehead & Co. was formed, the principal partner being William Fairley. This partnership was dissolved in 1889 by the withdrawal of Mr. Fairley. The firm of Morehead, Irwin & Co. was then formed, and continued in existence till October, 1891, when Mr. Morehead withdrew to assume the control and management of the Cincinnati Commercial Gazette. The young men of Cincinnati may well take encouragement in the success that has followed a life of persistent energy and probity, as shown in this sketch, of a truly loyal citizen, a faithful friend, a bright and genial companion, and whose charity is unbounded, for all who truly needed help never appealed to him in vain.

Mr. Morehead was president of the Cincinnati Mercantile Library, and a member of its board of real estate. He was for many years a director of the Procter & Gamble Company, the Ohio Valley National Bank, and at various times of several of the western railroads. He has been successful in completing many large deals and consolidating and establishing several of the largest concerns in the West, notably: the Procter & Gamble Company, the Barney & Smith Car Company, the Michigan Peninsular Car Company, and the J. A. Fay & Egan Company. He is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, and of the Lincoln, Blaine, Cuvier and Queen City Clubs. Mr. Morehead was married February 10, 1876, to Miss Margaret C. Monfort, daughter of Rev, Joseph G. Monfort, D.D., at the old Beecher, now the Monfort, mansion, Mt. Auburn, Cincinnati. Mr. and Mrs. Morehead reside in the "Ortiz," and attend the Second Presbyterian Church, of which they are generous supporters.

GENERAL ANDREW HICKENLOOPER, president of the Cincinnati Gas, Light and Coke Company, and of the Cincinnati, Brush, Edison and Hause Electric Light Companies, was born in Hudson, Ohio, August 10. 1837, son of Andrew and Abigail (Cox) Hickenlooper. His great-grandfather, Andrew Hickenlooper, and wife emigrated from Holland in 1693, and settled in York county, Penn. They had three sons: Andrew, born in 1739, died in 1825, in his eighty-ninth year; Adam and George, and three daughters--Anna, Mary and Margaret.

HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY. - 529

Immediately after the close of the Revolutionary war, in which he served first as a lieutenant, and subsequently as captain, Andrew, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, settled in Westmoreland county, Penn., near Greensburg, where he married Rachel, daughter of John and Rachel Edwards. The former was a Scotchman by birth, the latter a Virginian. They had born unto them seven children: George, John, Jane, Mary, Thomas, Andrew (father of our subject, burst July 22, 1795), and William, the youngest. His grandfather on the mother's side was named Edward Cox, who, with his wife, whose maiden name was Sloan, emigrated from the North of Ireland in 1792. and settled near Chambersburg, Penn., where they had born unto them twelve children. There the mother of our subject was born September 6, 1797, and married at her father's house April 12, 1821, by Rev. James Graham, a Presbyterian minister. Andrew Hickenlooper, the father of our subject, was for many years engaged in the manufacture of salt, then an important industry in the West, and subsequently in coal mining until 1836, when, becoming interested in some public contracts, he moved to Hudson, Ohio, and settled. There, as stated, the subject of this notice was born, the youngest of the family. The other members of the family were: Mary Jane, married to Silas Steely, of Lafayette, Ind. ; Rachel, married to Dr. Steely, and died in 1873; Catherine, married to William McCarthy, of Lafayette, Ind. ; Sarah, never married; Edward, who died in January, 1850, and Keziah, who died early in 1837. The survivors, except Andrew, are now living at Lafayette, Ind. The father of the foregoing family died March 28, 1869, and his widow followed him two months later.

Our subject, received his early education in the public schools of Circleville, Ohio, after which he attended St. Xavier College two years, arid Woodward College for an equal length of time. He was then employed by A. W. Gilbert, city engineer of Cincinnati, and at the expiration of his term of office became a partner of his former employer, forming the firm of Gilbert & Hickenlooper, which existed two years, when upon the re-election of Mr. Gilbert to the position of city civil engineer, he continued in business alone, and was soon after appointed city surveyor. In 1855 he spent six months at, Traverse Bay, Mich., in charge of government surveys, and after his return he followed the surveying business in Cincinnati until 1861. On August 31, of this year, he entered the service as captain of "Hickenlooper's Cincinnati Battery," which was afterward mustered into the United States service as the Fifth Ohio Battery of Light Artillery, at St. Louis Arsenal, Missouri. On October 11, 1861, he was ordered to Jefferson City, Mo., and there assigned to duty as chief of artillery in charge of the fortifications and defenses of that city, and along the Pacific railroads until March 7, 1862, when he was ordered to resume command of his battery, and with it report to Gen. Grant on the Tennessee river, and to a participation in the battle of Shiloh, of which Gen. Force, in "From Fort Henry to Corinth," says: "After a, gallant but short struggle Prentiss' division about nine o'clock gave way and fell back through his camp, leaving behind Powell's guns and caissons arid two of Hickenlooper's guns, all the horses of which had been killed." Again he speaks of the battery service later in the day: " Hickenlooper four guns standing at the salient where Prentiss and Wallace joined, sweeping both fronts, had all day long been reaping a bloody harvest among the lines of the assailants that strove to approach. So near, yet so far; in plain view yet, out of reach the, little battery exasperated the baffled brigades while it extorted their admiration. The Confederate general, Ruggles, sent his staff officers in all directions to sweep in all the guns they could reach. He gives the names of eleven batteries and one section which he planted in a great crescent pouring in a concentric fire. From this tornado of missiles Hickenlooper withdrew the remnant of his battery, and, passing to the rear through Hulbert's camp, reported to Sherman for further service." The second day after the battle of Shiloh he was detached,

530 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

from the command of the battery and assigned to duty as chief of artillery, Sixth Division, the artillery of which consisted of twenty-two guns and 367 men. On September 10, 1862, he was engaged in the battle of Iuka, and October 3 and 4, in the battle of Corinth. Immediately after this he was assigned to duty as chief of artillery of the right wing of the army of the Tennessee, on the staff of Gen. McPherson. On November 4, 1862, be was in the engagement at Lagrange, Tennessee, and on November 12, 1862, he was in the engagement at Lamar. From that date to January 18, 1863, he was engaged in Gen. Grant's North Mississippi campaign, and with it transferred to the Mississippi river, and to a participation in the Vicksburg campaign, where he was assigned to duty as chief engineer of the Seventeenth Army Corps, and, as such, participated in the battles of Port Gibson, Forty Hills, Raymond, Jackson, Champion Hills, Big Black River and the siege of Vicksburg. During September he was engaged in the campaign to Monroe, La.; during October, in the Canton campaign, and in February, 1864, he was engaged in the campaign to Meridian. In April, 1864, Gen. McPherson having been promoted to succeed Gen. Sherman as commander of the Army of the Tennessee, Hickenlooper was assigned to duty as chief of artillery of the army, and thus served in the Atlantic campaign until Gen. McPherson's death, July 22, 1864. During this period be participated in the battles of Snake Creek Gap, Resaca, Kingston, Dallas, Kenesaw, Nickajack Creek, Decatur, Stone Mountain, Ezra Chapel, Utoy Creek, Jonesboro, Lovejoy and Atlanta. After the death of McPherson, Hickenlooper was appointed, by the President, inspector-general of the Seventeenth Corps, and as such participated in the March to the Sea and the capture of Savannah. He was in the Carolina campaigns and the following engagements: Pocotaligo, Salkehatchie, Bannekers Bridge, Orangeburg, Columbia, Cheraw, Fayetteville, Bentonville, Goldsboro, Raleigh, and the surrender of Johnston's army. In the meantime, having been appointed brigadier-general, he was subsequently assigned to the command of the Third Brigade, Fourth Division, Seventeenth Army Corps, and finally mustered out August 31, 1865.

Returning home Gen. Hickenlooper at once entered upon engineering and surveying, as partner of R. C. Phillips, the firm being Phillips & Hickenlooper. On July 27, 1866, he was appointed United States marshal for the Southern District of Ohio, in which position he served until January, 1871, when be tendered his resignation to accept the appointment of city civil engineer, which office be resigned May 8, 1872, to accept the position of vice-president of the Cincinnati Gas Light and Coke Company. On May 8, 1877, he was elected president, and October 14, 1879, was elected lieutenant-governor of Ohio for two years. On February 13, 1867, Gen. Hickenlooper was married to Maria L., daughter of Adolphus H. and Sarah K. (Bates) Smith, and the fruits of this marriage are five children: Sarah, Amelia, Catherine, Andrew and Smith. The general and his family worship at the Second Presbyterian Church; socially he is a thirty-second degree Mason and a member of the I. O. O. F. ; politically he is a Republican.

FRANKLIN ALTER, banker and capitalist, Cincinnati, was born at Carlisle, Penn., October 28, 1831, and obtained his education at Harrisburg. He was early thrown on his own resources, and after spending a portion of his young manhood in Maryland and Virginia, be resolved to seek his fortune in the South, and accordingly in his twentieth year he took passage down the Ohio river from Pittsburgh, his destination being New Orleans.

On reaching Cincinnati be stopped with a view of remaining but a short time, but the opinion he formed of the city was so favorable that he concluded to make it his future home. He at once sought a position, and was not long in securing a clerkship in the hardware house of R. W. Booth & Company. Assiduous attention to business soon made him a fixture in the establishment, and in three years he became a partner in the firm and general manager of its extensive business, being so con-

HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY. - 531

nected until 1862, when he sold out his interest. The firm of Prichard, Alter & Company, manufacturers of boots and shoes, was then organized, and to its affairs Mr. Alter lent his indefatigable energy and admirable business management. Later he purchased Mr. Prichard's interest, and after other changes organized the firm of Alter, Forwood & Company, the latter house conducting the largest business of its kind in Cincinnati. In September, 1892, the Alter & Julien Company was formed, for the manufacture of ladies' fine shoes, and their place of business, on the corner of Eighth and Main streets, is one of the most extensive plants of its kind in the country, its output being one thousand pair of shoes daily. In 1884, a year memorable for its dangers to banking interests, Mr. Alter, in recognition of his shrewd business insight and his capacity as a financier, was elected president of the Exchange National Bank, of Cincinnati, of which he has been a director since its organization in 1881. He brought the bank through the perils of that period, and in 1885 was instrumental in effecting its consolidation with the Cincinnati National Bank. Not desiring to devote his time exclusively to banking thereafter, he accepted the vice-presidency of the consolidated concern. Some years ago Mr. Alter was chosen to fill one of the most important offices in Hamilton county, that of member of the board of control, which was created by the Legislature to check frauds on the county, and supervise and regulate the expenditure of public money, and was elected president of that body. A Democrat in politics, he was strongly supported for this office by leading Republicans, who recognized his paramount fitness for the position. His wide experience as a financier, his personal integrity, and his intimate acquaintance with the tax-paying community rendered him peculiarly desirable for this office of trust and responsibility. He belongs to that class of civilians who ably serve the public, regardless of party lines, who take part in public affairs for the purpose of making office holding subservient to the peace and well-being of the people. He has been tendered county, city, State and Federal offices, which stress of business has compelled him to decline. In January, 1891, he was made president of the Thomson-Houston Electric Company, for the central district of the United States. Mr. Alter is one of Cincinnati's most liberal and public-spirited citizens, in all things pertaining to the development of her commercial, manufacturing and industrial interests.

His own success in mercantile and financial circles has been phenomenal. Of quiet manners and consistent deportment, he has naturally surrounded himself with a host of personal friends, while his innate strength of character and clear judgment, tempered by a kindly interest in all those with whom he is associated, have won for him a high place in the regard of his fellow-citizens. His beautiful home in Avondale, one of the wealthy and picturesque suburbs of Cincinnati, is one of the most hospitable in the city.

GEORGE SLIMER. George Slimer, deceased, long identified so prominently with the Cincinnati stock yards and other important interests, was born in Elsas, France, May 6, 1820, and came to Cincinnati in 1830. He early in life became connected with the stock business in Cincinnati, and was one of the originators and long a director influential in the management of the Cincinnati stock yards. In 1861--63, he faithfully fulfilled an important contract to supply meat to the United States Government for rise in the army at the front. For fifteen years he was a member of the firm of Slimer & Dater, pork packers, which in its day did an extensive business in that line. He was a member of the Chamber of Commerce, and was in every way in a business sense a prominent and useful citizen.

He was married February 3, 1861, to Louisa Kuhn, who survives him. Their children in the order of their birth were Ellen, who married Henry Muhlhauser, Jr. ; George, who succeeds his father in the interest in the stock yards; William C.; Amelia, who married Joseph Adams, and Amanda. Mrs. Slimer was a daughter of George Michael Kuhn, long a respected resident of Cincinnati, who died in 1870.

532 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

Mr. Slimer was a man of strong character and progressive ideas, a man of brain and perseverance, who, coming early to Cincinnati, saw the possibilities of her future development and gave the best years of a busy and useful life to its advancement,. The tributes of respect published immediately after his death were numerous, and of a character which marks him as one of the Queen City's leading capitalists and business men.

SAMUEL DURHAM, the founder of the Durham family in the United Stales, was born in the city of Durham, County of Durham, England, in the year 1699. He descended from the old Durham family, who trace their lineage back to the seventh or eighth century. They were among the barons who compelled King John to sign the Magna Charta in the thirteenth century. They were always noted for their liberal opinions, jest and upright lives. In 1722 Samuel Durham set his eyes westward and immigrated to the United colonies. He landed at Baltimore, and being a good ship carpenter soon found plenty of work. He was married to Elenor Smissen, who was a very large woman, in later life attaining the weight of 500 pounds. They had nine children, whose descendants are scattered over all parts of the United States. By careful and saving habits he soon owned a large plantation with many slaves.

When at the age of twenty-one, Joshua, the father of Aquila Durham, was given a plantation with slaves to work it, but he declined it, believing that it was not right to own slaves. At this time the Revolutionary war was about drawing to a close. In 1783 he sold his farm, receiving $42,000 in Continental money. He then started westward over the mountains, but being delayed by bad roads and storms he was compelled to winter in the mountains. The Continental money depreciated until it was scarcely of any value. He bought a small place for $2,000 on the Monongahela river, and started to make himself a new home, but found that he had a bad title to his property and lost it all. He moved back to the Susquehanna river, and in 1795 started for the Ohio territory, landing at the mouth of the Little Miami river, on the 13th day of May, 1796. This was the seventeenth birthday of Aquila Durham, the youngest son. He went up the Little Miami river and built a cabin at a place near where the union bridge now stands. Here he remained until the next spring, when he moved up the Little Miami river on a farm now owned by Mrs. Sidney Weaver, but he did not remain long on this farm, as it was in the valley and their health was poor on account of ague, which seemed to shake everybody who lived in the valley. Aquila prevailed upon his father to buy some land on the top of the hills back of Newtown. Here Joshua died in 1829, being ninety-six years of age; his wife died in 1800.

Aquila Durham was born May 13, 1779, in Hartford county, Md. He remained with his father on a farm until 1803, when be was offered a position with Lewis & Clarke's expedition to the Pacific Ocean as a hunter, but being about to be married he thought best to decline the offer. He was married in 1804 to Harriet Thompson, a daughter of Bernard Thompson, a soldier who had served through the Revolutionary war, and immigrated to Kentucky in about 1785, They spent sixty-four years together as man and wife. They first built a cabin on a portion of a farm on which one of his grandsons resides at present, but owing to the ague and fever they remained here only about three years. He bought a farm adjoining his father's, abort one mile from where he had settled, His youngest son, Thompson Durham, still resides on the farm that he lived on for over sixty years. He came to the Cincinnati markets for a longer time than any other man that ever attended the markets. He came first on horseback, next in a boat, pushing his flatboat upon the Ohio and up the Miami to Turpin's old mill, on his return, and thence in wagons the balance of the way. He attended the markets regularly twice a week for a space of sixty years, having many customers who would buy of no one else, and they expected to see "Uncle Aquila," as they called him, every Tuesday and Friday.

HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY. - 533

No one can say that he ever gave them short weight or measure. His wife died in 1868. After her death he divided the property among his children and lived with them until his death, which occurred in 1870, he being in his ninety-second year. On the farm where he settled in 1807, ten children were born to them, six sons and four daughters, six of whom are living at present, five in this (Hamilton) county. None died under forty-seven years of age. The following children survived: Alazanah Burdsal, aged eighty-two; Harriett Webb, seventy-eight; Winfield, seventy-six; Leander, seventy; Warren, sixty-seven, and Thompson, sixty-six. During Glen. Harrison's campaign against the Indians in the Northwest Territory, from 1808 to 1812, Aquila furnished them with cattle and sheep, which he delivered at Vincennes, driving them through the unbroken wilderness, which was often filled with hostile Indians, He had many daring adventures with wild animals and the Indians. On one of these trips a panther stole into the camp. and was about to leap upon him when he discovered its two fiery eyes glaring at him. He was nut a mail to he frightened under such circumstances. and at once fired at the animal, and in the morning he was surprised to find a dead panther near the camp.

He was an uncompromising Democrat, voted for Jefferson for President, and he never missed an election from that time until 1870, invariably voting a straight ticket. All his sons and grandsons have followed in his footsteps. He was also one of the first Universalists in America, having been a great believer in the doctrines of Hosea Ballou, and it was due to his energies that the Universalist Church in Newtown was built. He continued to worship there until his death. In the last few years of his life, owing to an accident, he had to rise crutches, but this did not deter him from going to church and the elections. The Durham family is noted for wonderful longevity. Samuel Durham's family consisted of nine children, several of whom lived to be ninety years old, Joshua having attained the age of ninety-six. His family consisted of eleven children, of whom Aquila. the youngest, lived to the age of ninety-two. Four of his brothers and sisters lived to be over eighty-five, one eighty-three. and one seventy-five. The writer of this sketch has in his boyhood days sat and listened to his tales of hardships, and especially his hunting experiences in the Little Miami valley. Here is one that he remembers: Aquila went hunting with Louis Weitzel, proprietor of the hotel near the Little Miami Depot in 1796; they crossed the Ohio in a canoe, lip the Licking, killed a deer apiece, and when they carne back found their canoe gone. Believing that an Indian was lurking in the woods and bushes, they went up the river to where Dayton now stands, and Aquila swain the river and carried the deer, while Weitzel carried the guns and kept them dry. On another occasion he attended a society party at Fort Washington, near the corner of Third and Lawrence streets, in which the Virginia reel was the only dance, and he played the fife for the young ladies and gentlemen to dance to.

SAMUEL W. SMITH, one of Cincinnati's oldest and most highly respected business men. was born at Barrington, R. I., January 24, 1816; came to Cincinnati in 1832, and has been fully alive to all of the city's wonderful development since that time. His parents were Samuel and Lucy (Armington) Smith, people of education and progressive ideas, who recognized the benefits of education, and placed before their son such educational facilities as were available. He received his primary training in the common schools, and later attended two sessions of the Warren Academy, at, Warren, R. I. His first employment in Cincinnati, which was practically his beginning in business life, was as clerk and general assistant in the old grocery and boat supply store of Edward T. Martin, In 1833. about a year after his advent here, he made his first trip to New Orleans with a flatboat load of produce, and thereafter he was constantly on the river trading until 1839. In January, of that year he embarked in business on the south side of Front street, near Walnut, dealing quite extensively in produce with southern connections. In 1841 be removed to Water street, and associated with him Richard G. Hunting, their establishment

534 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

at No. 20 Water street becoming one of the best known in their line in the city, until they retired from business in 1873. Since that time Mr. Smith has been interested in various corporations, notably with the National Insurance Company, the Merchants National Bank and the Royer Wheel Company, in each of which he is a director, and in various real-estate operations in Cincinnati and elsewhere, the magnitude of which may be inferred from the fact that he has erected in Kansas City alone no less than thirty houses.

Mr. Smith was married in 1845. to Miss Mary Caroline Wooley, daughter of the once well known Dr. John Wooley, of Cincinnati, who died in 1833. Mrs. Smith died in 1885. Mr. Smith has two sons and two daughters living: Edward W. Smith, of the grain commission firm of Davidson & Smith, of Kansas City; Samuel W. Smith, Jr., one of the law firm of Stevens, Lincoln & Smith, of Cincinnati, and Lucy Armington and Lydia Drake Smith, who are members of their father's household. The eldest son, the late lamented Rev. William Armington Smith, of the Baptist Church, began his ministerial work in Hamilton, Ohio, and was later stationed at Cleveland, Ohio, and Somerville, Mass., in turn, and died in 1890, in Seattle, Wash., while on a visit to that city. Politically Mr. Smith was originally an Oldline Whig, and his development into a most earnest and consistent Republican was but natural. While taking a lively interest in political questions affecting his country, State and city, he has never been in an active sense a politician, and has invariably refused to accept any political offices at the hands of his fellow citizens. His distinguishing characteristics are liberality of thought and unselfish public spirit, and he is widely known as one of the few remaining men whose successful careers span the history of the old Cincinnati and the new.

GEORGE WOOD. One of the best remembered of the former long and prominent residents of Cincinnati is George Wood, who was born in Orange county, N. Y., November 18, 1791. He received the limited education obtainable in his native town at that time, and was early thrown upon his own resources. He followed farming in his native State until 1811, when he migrated to the wilds of the West, settling in Maysville, Ky. It was always very interesting to hear him relate the hardships incident to pioneer life in those days, and recount the perils of the white man in the frontiers. He entered the services of his country during the war of 1812, and participated in the battles along the Thames river in Canada. He always spoke with feelings of pride in after years about his military career, and related with thrilling interest of the narrow escapes he had made from the whizzing bullets of the British. Although in that period he was constantly suffering from cold exposures, his constitution became strengthened thereby to exertion and hardship. At the close of the war he returned to Maysville, where he settled down to commercial business, transporting pork and flour by flatboat to New Orleans. On one occasion he was compelled to return from New Orleans to Maysville on foot.

Mr. Wood was married, in 1816, to Mary A. Hutchinson. In 1822 they removed to Cincinnati, where he was ever after, until his death, identified with all its subsequent, growth and development. Soon after coming to Cincinnati, Mr. Wood purchased a frame building and a large lot on the corner of Fifth and Race street. There was a stock of groceries in the building, which was also included in the purchase, and a Mr. Weaver was employed to manage the grocery, while Mr. Wood gave his attention to buying and selling stock. He erected a large brick building and conducted a livery in connection with stock dealing, and for many years his sale and livery stable was one of the live enterprises of Cincinnati. In time he became possessed of a considerable fortune, which was largely invested in real estate. In 1865 he retired from active business, and spent, the remainder of his life in the enjoyment of his wellearned competency, dying October 5, 1880. He was a public-spirited man, a Democrat in politics, and, during the latter portion of his life, a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. A man of strong character and much individuality, he was

HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY. - 535

quick to decide upon any question presented to him, and outspoken in the announcement of his position concerning it, He was the father of five children, one of whom is Mrs. Rebecca R. Gordon, of Cincinnati.

WILLIAM MCCAMMON, Jr., was born in Cincinnati, September 30, 1831. His father, William McCammon, was born in 1805, in Banbridge, Ireland, where his grandfather, John McCammon, was proprietor of a linen bleachery. The older William came to this country when a boy, learned the trade of carpenter in Wheeling, W. Va., and then located in Cincinnati, establishing a steamboat building business, in which he was engaged for twenty-five years. For a number of years there after, he was one of the extensive dealers in lumber in the city. He was one of the originators of the Little Miami railroad, of which he was for a time superintendent, and subsequently, for a number of years, one of its board of directors. He was at one time trustee of the city water works, then an elective office, and served several terms in the city council. Among the buildings which he erected were the original Masonic Temple and the House of Refuge. He married a Miss Ellen McGinnis, whom he survived a number of years; he died at the "Grand Hotel," in March, 1891. Four sons were born of this marriage, but one of whom survives. The deceased sons were James McCammon. of the firm of Ashcraft & McCammon, of Cincinnati, and of the firm of Janes McCammon & Company, of Cleveland; John McCammon, a stair builder, and George McCammon, a broker, of Cincinnati.

The surviving son, William McCammon, received a public-school education, learned the harness making trade, and in 1853 went to Marysville, Cal., where he established, and for eight years conducted, a harness-manufacturing establishment. He then entered the employ, as parser, of the Pacific Steamboat Company, with whom he remained for five years. During Lincoln's administration he was inspector of foreign vessels at San Francisco. In 1865 he returned to Cincinnati, and purchased a stock farm near South Lebanon, which he still owns, and where he resided until 1891, when he again came to Cincinnati, and took up his residence at No. 132 Broadway, where he now lives. He was married in Sacramento in 1857, to Ann Burk, daughter of John Burk, a merchant of New Orleans, and two sons born of this marriage survive; they are William P., a farmer near Miamiville. Clermont county. who edits and publishes a periodical known as The Pointer, and George, who conducts the South Lebanon farm. The former has five children, Ellen, Arthur, Hazel, Cora, and an infant; and the latter two, George and William.

BARTHOLOMEW CAVAGNA was born near Genoa, Italy, December 25, 1799, and died in Cincinnati April 17, 1889. He came to this country in early manhood, and was for several years engaged in handling fruits between Havana and New Orleans. In 1828 he located in Cincinnati, and engaged for two years in selling confectionery in a small store on Fifth street. between Walnut and Vine, in 1830 establishing the grocery business on the opposite side of the same street, between Main and Walnut, where it has ever since been and is still located. In 1847 his eldest son, Peter, entered into business with his father, subsequently becoming his partner, and finally, at his death, his successor. From its inception " Cavagna's " was known as an absolutely reliable house; no adulterated goods were ever sold over its counters, and if, by misrepresentation, any such goods were purchased by them and could not be returned, they were at once destroyed. It was upon this solid foundation that the present extensive patronage of the house was obtained. Bartholomew Cavagna was married in Cincinnati to Rebecca. daughter of Michael Wise, a distinguished soldier and field marshal under Napoleon Bonaparte. Of the children born of this marriage but two survive: Peter and Anthony B. The former and elder is, as has been stated, the proprietor of the business established by his father. He was born April 29, 1835, and entered his father's store when twelve years of age; on April 28, 1859, he was married to Juliette De Puis, daughter of William Caswell, banker of Philadelphia, and has six children: Lelia, Bartholomew G., Charles,

536- HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

Pierre, Julian and Leo. Bartholomew G. Cavagna is receiving teller at the National Lafayette Bank, this city; he married Jennie Shaw Brown, daughter of a merchant of Pittsburgh, Penn. Charles Cavagna represents a number of manufacturers of electric motors and appliances; he married Stella Bates, a descendant of the pioneer Bates family, of Hamilton county. Pierre Cavagna is in business with his father. Julian Cavagna is a Doctor of Medicine and Dental Surgery. Leo Cavagna is a student at Woodward High School. The family reside at No. 135 Eighth street, and are members of St. Paul's Episcopal Ch arch. Mr. Cavagna is a 32 Mason.

ELLIOTT HUNT PENDLETON was born in Cincinnati, December 19, 1828. The Pendleton family, of which the subject of this sketch was a member, has not only been intimately connected with the history and development of Cincinnati and Hamilton county, but prominent in the history of our country. The Pendleton's deduce descent from Henry Pendleton, of Norwich, England,., whose two sons, Nathaniel (minister of the Established Church of England, died without issue) and Philip immigrated to this country in 1674. and settled in that portion of New Kent county, Va., which now forms Caroline county. Philip married. and among his issue were Henry, who was the father of Nathaniel Pendleton and Edmund Pendleton. Edmund Pendleton was one of the most prominent, figures in the early history of Virginia. For more than half a century, from 1752 to the time of his death, he held high public offices. He became eminent as a public speaker in the House of Burgesses In 1764 he was a member of the committee which prepared the Memorials to the House of Commons, to the House of Lords and to the King. he was appointed in 1773 one of the Committee of Correspondence, in 1774 a delegate to Congress, and was chosen again in 1775, when he declined. He was a member of all the Virginian Conventions, and presided over the Convention of 1775 and the Convention of May, 1776. The great confidence reposed in. his ability was shown by his unanimous election by the Convention of 1775 as head of the Committee of Safety. As president of the Conventions of 1775 and 1776, and as president of the Committee of Safety, in which was vested the executive power, Edmund Pendleton was the head of the Colony of Virginia during the interval between the downfall of the British rule in 1775 and the creation by the Convention of 1776 of the Colonial Constitution and Government. He was a lawyer of the greatest ability and a most able jurist, and for twenty-five years was presiding judge of the court of appeals of Virginia. Jefferson, who was his chief opponent, remarked of him: " Taken all in all, he was the ablest man in debate I have ever met with."

Elliott, H. Pendleton's grandfather, Nathaniel Pendleton. son of the Nathaniel last above named, was born in Virginia, 1746, entered the Revolutionary army in 1775, served as aid-decamp to Gen. Nathaniel Greene through the war of the Revolution, and enjoyed in a special degree the confidence of that officer. When the Federal Government was organized, he was appointed, by President Washington, judge of the United States District Court for the State of Georgia, the first United States Court ever held in that State. In 1796, Judge Nathaniel Pendleton removed with his family to the city of New York, where he engaged in the practice of, the law. He was an adherent, of the Federal party, and a strong personal as well as political friend of Alexander Hamilton, its leader and exponent. When Alexander Hamilton became involved, in 1804, in the difficulty with Aaron Burr, which terminated in a fatal duel, he applied to Nathaniel Pendleton to be his second in that tragic affair. The latter accepted and accompanied Hamilton on that memorable 11th of July, 1804, to Hoboken Heights. It, was during the period of Judge Pendleton's stay in Savannah, Ga., in the year 1793, when Nathaniel Greene Pendleton. the father of Elliott, was born. He was so named as a compliment to the hero to whose military family his father had been so long attached. Nathaniel Greene Pendleton was an aid to Gen. Gaines during the years 1813 to 1816. In 1818 he removed front New York to Cincinnati, then but an inconsiderable village, and began

HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY. - 537

the practice of the law. In 1819 he was elected prosecuting attorney. He was married to Jane Frances Hunt, daughter of Jesse Hunt, in 1820. The latter was one of the earliest pioneers in the Western country, coming to Cincinnati as early as 1791, when it was protected from Indian incursions by the guns of Fort Washington. Nathaniel Greene Pendleton was a member of the Ohio Senate in 1825, and was elected to Congress in 1840, but after serving one term, having but little taste for political life, he gladly declined a re-election. He was always on the most intimate social terms with Gen. Harrison, and the only political meeting which Gen. Harrison addressed during his campaign was held in "Pendleton Woods," at the corner of Hunt street and Broadway, Cincinnati, in the rear of the old Pendleton mansion. Mr. Elliott H. Pendleton's mother was at once a lovely and strong character, as the following words of another concerning her clearly indicate: "She was possessed of sound judgment, strong will and unbending purpose, and, at the same time, of such sweet temper, and gentle manners and considerate delicacy for the feelings of others, that she was universally beloved. She was a devout and humble Christian, and of her life it may be truly said, even when she was in the last stages of fatal disease, `she went about doing good.. "

Elliott Hunt Pendleton received his education at Woodward High School, the old Cincinnati College, and through private instruction at home. At the age of nineteen he went abroad with his intimate friend, Dr. Nathaniel Foster, the eminent physician, and a few years later made a second trip to Europe. 'Mr. Pendleton's business career began in 1848 when he became associated with Charles B. Foote in the cordage trade, Subsequently he engaged in business with his brother-in-law, Robert, B. Bowler, a sagacious and enterprising man who was at the head of one of the largest wholesale houses in the city. When Mr. Bowler became president of the Kentucky Central Railroad Company, Mr. Pendleton succeeded him as head of the firm which was then conducted under the name of Pendleton, Swift & Company. Mr. Pendleton was married November 7, 1850, to hiss Emma Gaylord, daughter of Thomas G. Gaylord, the founder of the Gaylord Rolling Mill Company and the Gaylord Iron & Pipe Company. Mr. Gaylord was a prominent member of the Second Presbyterian Church and Society of Cincinnati to which his daughter also belonged. Mr. Pendleton. although brought up an Episcopalian, united himself with the Second Presbyterian Church June 23, 1855. In 1860 be was elected a ruling elder of the church, and remained actively engaged in the duties of this office until his death. His religious convictions were clear, strong and abiding, and his religion has been described as having been the very atmosphere surrounding him." During his entire life he was greatly interested in mission and Sabbath-school work. In December 1848, Dr. Fisher, of the Second Church, organized the Young Men's Home Missionary Society, which at first. sustained a missionary in the then frontier State of Iowa; but in a year or two began the work of home missions in Cincinnati, and pushed it vigorously. Mr. Pendleton was a director of this society from its organization, and for many years was its first vice-president. The society was greatly interested in Mission Sabbath-schools. The Church Sabbath-school was the center, but nine others were established in the city. Mr. Pendleton was superintendent of the Pilgrim Mission School on Mount Adams.

During the war Mr. Pendleton was a very active member of the Sanitary Commission. The situation of Cincinnati on the frontier of the seceded and sympathizing States, and its vicinity to the great battlefields of the South and Southwest, rendered the work of this branch of the Commission very arduous and exceedingly important. The president, the now venerable Robert W. Burnet, had in Mr. Pendleton a most valuable colleague. An immense amount of medical stores and an army of nurses and physicians were sent from Cincinnati. The funds were raised by private contributions, and many Cincinnati's of the present day remember tine great Sanitary Fair held in a temporary building erected on Fifth street Market

538 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

space, which yielded more than a hundred thousand dollars. In 1866 Mr. Pendleton went with his family to Europe, where they remained four years, three winters having been spent in Paris, and one winter in Dresden, the summers having been devoted to traveling. During that period he was an active member and trustee of the American Chapel in Paris, and was for a time superintendent of the Sabbath-school connected therewith. Whilst. in Dresden Mr. Pendleton organized a Sabbath-school of which he was also superintendent. It has been remarked that " he set an example to Americans resident abroad, who sometimes think their religion should not be taken traveling, but should be carefully reserved for home consumption," Mr. Pendleton visited Spain during the struggle for religious liberty, attended many of the meetings of the reformers at considerable personal risk, and identified himself so closely with their work that his reminiscences of the time were always interesting and instructive. Mr. Pendleton fled from Paris with his family just in time to escape the siege of Paris during the Franco Prussian war, and in 1870 returned to Cincinnati. Shortly after his return he became president of the Commercial Bank, with which institution he was connected as director until within a few years of his death. About the year 1871 Mr. Pendleton was appointed, by the mayor of Cincinnati, president of the board of park commissioners, and gave the work much time and care. This was the only public office he ever consented to accept, and his labor in it was purely " a labor of love." He was also for many years one of the trustees of the Art Museum. but it was in the Church and Church work that he was most conspicuous. The Home Missionary Society, in Dr. Fisher's time, had bought and with the assistance of L. H. Sargent paid for the Poplar Street Presbyterian Church. It maintained the pastor for several years, and finally presented the church, without any debt, to the congregation worshiping there. During Dr. Skinner's pastorate, the society was reorganized after a brief interregnum with Mr. Pendleton as first. vice-president, a position which he held during the remainder of his life. Many of the churches of the city were assisted in rebuilding and extending their accommodations and several were freed entirely from debt through the offices of this society. In all this work Mr. Pendleton bore a conspicuous part, aiding greatly with his advice, good business judgment, and very liberal subscriptions. When the "Irwin Mission" was established on Sixth street, he threw his whole soul into the work, and more than any other member of the board he labored constantly for its welfare. For several years prior to his death he had charge of the Mission regularly on Saturday evening, and assisted Dr. David Judkins on Sunday evening. Speaking of his leadership in these meetings William Howard Neff has said: He was very eloquent. His soul was filled with the great theme of the Savior's love, and as he presented to the poor stricken wanderer, and the wayward ones there assembled, the riches of grace in Jesus Christ our Lord, his form would dilate, his eyes flash and his voice reach every heart. Many of these poor ones acknowledged him as the human instrument, in their salvation." It is in the session of the Second Presbyterian Church of which he was the senior member that his loss is most keenly felt outside of his own family circle. Mr. Pendleton died October 14, 1892, from the effects of a paralytic stroke, leaving a widow and the following children: Elliott H. Pendleton, Jr , Nathaniel G. Pendleton, Lena G. Pendleton, Lucy Pendleton White and Susan Pendleton Powell.

Mr. Pendleton's brothers and sisters are dead. They were Hon. George H. Pendleton, ex-senator and minister to Germany; Nathaniel Pendleton; Mrs. Robert B. Bowler; Mrs. Dr. A. S. Dandridge, wife of the noted physician, and Mrs. Noah Hunt Schenck, wife of the Rev. Dr. Schenck, of Brooklyn, N. Y. Mr. Pendleton left, surviving him a half-brother, Edmund Pendleton, of Bar Harbor, Maine, the novelist, and a half-sister, Charlotte Pendleton, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Mr. Pendleton's death was a public loss, and be was universally mourned, His charities were unostentatious, but they flowed in full and deep currents. His exam-

HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY - 539

ple was impressive and winning. There will be many who will learn from it, the charm of virtue, the beauty of piety, and the honor of genuine excellence. Possessed of true refinement, he everywhere evinced an exceptionally honorable code of morals, and an uncommon appreciation of the rights and wants of his fellow-men. He was versed in polite learning, was of most courtly manner, endowed with financial ability, and favored by a large experience in business affairs. He was truly " a gentleman of the old school," and an admirable representative of the highest grade of the business, social and religious life of Cincinnati.

CHARLES TAYLOR DICKSON, son of James M. Dickson and grandson of Griffin Taylor, was born in Cincinnati October 13, 1847, in the fine old family mansion at the corner of Third and Vine streets, opposite the present site of the "Burnet House." This location was then one of fine residences, and only the oldest citizens can now recall the stately homes with their large grounds which have long since given place to commercial mansions and the demands of business. These had already asserted their claims in Mr. Dickson's early boyhood, and his family removed to the beautiful suburb of Clifton, his parents owning and occupying for many years the fine estate of " Scarlet Oaks," afterward sold to George R. Shoenberger. Mr. Dickson is of proud lineage on all sides. His mother was Caroline Taylor, a woman gifted in mind and beautiful in person. Youngest daughter of Griffin Taylor, one of Cincinnati's most prominent citizens, the first president of her Chamber of Commerce, the founder and promoter of some of her most permanent. interests, and a man of rare character and business acumen. On his father's side, Mr, Dickson came from a Virginia family, but of Scotch-English origin, the motto of the family coat of arms " cubo sect, curo" ("I sleep but I watch ")-having been conferred upon a Scotch ancestor for his faithful services to his king.

Mr. Dickson was educated at Kenyon College, graduated afterward at the University of Wisconsin, and from there entered the junior year at Yale College in the class of 1870. After traveling extensively in Europe and the Holy Land with his younger brother and tutor, he returned to Cincinnati, and was graduated later from her Law school. He was an earnest student, food of books and remarkably well read. A man reserved in character but completely devoted to his family, in which he was greatly beloved and honored. He had inherited from his grandfather a considerable fortune, which by his good management and care was greatly augmented. He was deeply interested in Cincinnati anti her future, and in politics was an earnest Republican. Had Mr. Dickson lived he would undoubtedly have been identified personally with many interests for the promotion of Cincinnati's welfare and prosperity; but death came in the very prime of his life (he having just completed his forty-fifth year), darkening a happy, beautiful home, and ending a life already successful and full of promise.

In his early manhood Mr. Dickson married Miss Fanny Judkins, a daughter of Dr. David Judkins, who, with a daughter and three sons, survives him.

COLONEL. LEOPOLD MARKBREIT, president of the Cincinnati Volksblatt Company, was born in Vienna. Austria, March 13, 1842, and is a son of Leopold and Jane (Abele) Markbreit. The family came to America in 1848, and located in Cincinnati where the father died in 1849; the mother of our subject survived until March 30, 1890. Of the children three survive; Leopold, Mrs. Gen. Kautz, and J. Markbreit.

Col. Markbreit received his education in the public schools of Philadelphia, Sandusky, Ohio. and Cincinnati, after which he read law with his brother-in-law, Hon. Frederick Hassaurek. After being admitted to the Bar, he became a member of the law firm of R. B. Hayes (afterward President of the United States) & Markbreit, located in Debolt Exchange building, at the southwest corner of Court and Main streets. The firm was dissolved by both members entering the army soon after the outbreak of the Rebellion. Col. Markbreit served at first as sergeant-major of the Twenty-eighth Ohio Regiment, and immediately after the battle at Carnifex Ferry

540 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

was promoted, for bravery on the field, to the rank of second lieutenant; be advanced rapidly to the position of first lieutenant, adjutant, and assistant adjutant general, with the rank of captain. He served under Gens. Moore, Crook, Roberts, Cox, and Averell; took part in the battle of South Mountain and many other engagements, and was always a favorite with his superior officers and comrades. Unfortunately, in December, 1863, his military career was brought to a sudden close by Averell's so-called Salem raid into Confederate territory for the purpose of destroying railroads, bridges, etc., during which Col. Markbreit was captured and sent to Libby prison it] Richmond. And now began the story of his sufferings through which he attained sad celebrity. After five months of ordinary imprisonment, he and three other victims were selected as hostages, and ^placed in close confinement, to prevent the execution of four rebels who were charged with recruiting within the Union lines in Kentucky (which charge was of a rather doubtful nature as that part of Kentucky could be considered as disputed ground), and had been sentenced to death as spies by a military court convened by Gen. Burnside. The four hostages were placed in a subterranean dungeon of the Libby prison where they had hardly room enough to be down at night. For months they were living buried in this hole, receiving only one meal a day, and even this meal was insufficient to appease their hunger, for it consisted generally of only a handful of corn meal (into which the cobs had been ground), a little piece of rotten bacon and rice or beans. This food was not enough for life, and too much for absolute starvation. The unfortunate men were soon reduced to skeletons, and would doubtless have died if the negroes employed in the Libby prison had not from time to time smuggled in some food to them-the rats which the prisoners killed with pieces of wood in their dungeon were cooked for them by the kind-hearted negroes and taken back to their cells. The sufferings the prisoners had to endure were beyond all comprehension, and only when they were transferred to Salisbury, N. C., did a change for the better take place. From Salisbury Col. Markbreit was taken to Danville, Va., and from there back to the Libby, till at last on February 5, 1865, Col. Markbreit,'s half-brother, F. Hassaurek, succeeded in having him liberated. He had been imprisoned for more than thirteen months, and his health had been injured by these sufferings to such a degree that he never fully recovered. The winter following his release he suffered from hemorrhage of the lungs, and had to take a trip to Havana for his health, but was afterward very delicate, and this was one of the reasons why Gen. Grant gave him a chance to reside in a temperate and uniform climate.

Immediately after his release from captivity, Col. Markbreit was elected by his fellow citizens in Cincinnati to a responsible city office which he held for two years. Governors Cox and Hayes made him co-member of their staff with the rank of colonel. In April, 1869, he was appointed United States minister to Bolivia. During his stay there he visited all parts of that country, and as there are but a few roads; in it for vehicles, he made extensive trips on horseback to Cochabamba, Sucre, Potosi, Santa Cruz do In Sierra. etc. The headquarters of the United States minister were generally at the capital, La Paz, where he was an eye witness to several bloody revolutions. On such occasions he protected, often at the risk of his own life, the lives and property of the members of the overthrown governments who sought refuge with the United States Legation. In 1871 he saved the life of Mariano Donato Munoz, the prime minister of the overthrown government. President Melgarejo Munoz had fled to the house of the United States minister, and succeeded in escaping from there to Peru. Munoz was especially odious to the victorious party, and would have been torn to pieces had he fallen into the hands of the mob. In 1873 Col. Markbreit was recalled on account of the political course of the Volksblatt in the presidential elections of 1872, although the State departments had before that time given him the most flattering approval of his course. He returned to Cincinnati, but went in July of that year to London, and from there on a business

HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY. - 541

mission to the governments of Brazil and Bolivia, for the second time to South America. He represented an American steamship and railroad company, who intended to establish an important connection between Bolivia and the Atlantic. His mission was successful in every respect. During the journey he visited not only the two countries mentioned, but also Uruguay, Chili, Peru, and Ecuador, and made a long and dangerous voyage through the Straits of Magellan. The trip through the Straits generally lasts but thirty hours, but the steamer on which he had taken passage had to brave such violent storms, and was in such constant danger of getting among the breakers, that the passage occupied seven and one-half days. At last, however, the Pacific was reached in safety and Col. Markbreit landed at Jacna, a Peruvian port. From there he traveled 600 miles on horseback, in ten days, over mountains to Sucre, then the seat of the Bolivian government. During this second passage of the lofty and cold Andes he suffered from an attack of the sorroche, a disease very prevalent in those regions, from which he had already suffered during his first passage. After a successful termination of his mission he went by way of Lima, Panama, Curacoa and St. Thomas to Europe; visited England, France, Germany, Austria, Belgium and Holland, and returned in January, 1875, to Cincinnati. In March of the same year he became a stockholder of the Volksblatt Company of that city, and was elected secretary and business manager of that company. In 1879 he visited old Mexico, Havana and other cities south of the United States, and in 1880 be made his third visit to Europe. In February, 1882, be was appointed treasurer of the United States at Cincinnati, which position he held until 1886, since which time he has been connected with the Volksblatt. Col. Markbreit was married July 19, 1887, to Miss Bertha Fiebach. He is a member of the Loyal Legion, and the G. A. R., and is a Republican in his political views.

JOSEPH KINSEY. At his home on Kinsey avenue, Mount Auburn, Cincinnati, Ohio, on the 12th day of December, 1889, the earthly career of Joseph Kinsey closed, at the age of sixty-one. Measured by years, he was not an old man, but measured by the activity with which he lived, and by the results which he accomplished, his life extended far beyond the average age of his fellows. He was born near Baltimore, Md., January 18, 1828, next to the youngest of nine children-five sons and four daughters-all of whom, with the exception of one son, reached maturity. His father, Oliver Kinsey (one of eleven children of Joseph, who was a son of Edmund Kinsey), was born November 24, 1780, and died October 4, 1855; his mother, Sarah (Griffith) Kinsey, born November 3, 1791, died December 6, 1831.

Mr. Kinsey's ancestry, on both sides, was American and Quaker for more than two hundred years. John Kinsey (1), a Quaker, from London, England, and one of the commissioners for the settlement of New Jersey, under the purchase by Edward Byllinge, arrived at New Castle on the Delaware, in the ship "Kent," on the 16th of June, 1677, Settlement was first made by the voyagers in this vessel, at what is now known as Burlingham, N. J. John Kinsey, however, made a selection and bargain for purchase of 300 acres of land from Peter Cock, a Swede, on the west side of the Delaware, above the mouth of the Schuylkill and near the locality which afterward became famous as Penn's Treaty Tree and the City of Philadelphia. John Kinsey died before the settlement was fully completed, and, at a court held at Upland (now Chester), November 12, 1678, Peter Cock appeared before the justices and mane formal acknowledgment of his deed of conveyance to Elizabeth Kinsey (widow of John) of the land described. John Kinsey (2), then a young man, and son of John Kinsey, Sr., slid not, accompany his parents in 1677, but came out the next year and assumed the management of his mother's affairs. He afterward became distinguished in his public services, and his son, John Kinsey (3), likewise a Quaker, became chief justice of Pennsylvania. Edmund Kinsey, the great-grandfather of the subject of the present sketch, was the son of John Kinsey (2). In 1715,

542 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY,

he removed with his family to the untried wilderness, now Buckingham township, Bucks Co., Penn., friendly Indians being their guides to the new home. Edmund Kinsey was earnestly interested in the spiritual welfare of the people, and was one of the founders of Buckingham Meeting, in 1720. He was also one of the foremost and most skillful mechanics of his time, and had a scythe and axe factory in Buckingham, in which he had a trip hammer operated by water power, a great improvement in those days.

When Joseph was five years old, the family removed from Baltimore to Wayne county, and located upon a farm, now within the city limits of Richmond. Ind. His father was a liberal patron of schools, and gave his children such advantages of education as those early times afforded, which were necessarily, somewhat limited. Living on a farm, Joseph found constant employment when out of school, for it, was his father's maxim that, while there should be ample time for innocent recreation, there must be no idleness. This idea was thoroughly and persistently instilled into the minds of his children, and was, no doubt, the cause of the busy and intense life which his son Joseph always lived. At the early age of fourteen, he was employed in the retail country store kept by William Owens, in Richmond; Ind., where he remained two years. After one more year in school he came to Cincinnati, in 1845, and at the age of seventeen engaged with the firm of J. K. Ogden & Company, wholesale and retail dealers in hardware, at No. 118 Main street. This was the beginning of his life as a merchant, and notwithstanding the success which he achieved during the later years of his life as a manufacturer and promoter of railroads, Mr. Kinsey always regarded himself a merchant, and it was as a merchant that he laid the foundation of his fortune.

After a diligent service of two years with this firm, he changed to the larger house of Clark & Booth (afterward Clark & Groesbeck), in the same line of business, where he remained several years. It was about this time that the excitement caused by the discovery of gold in California was taking hundreds of our active young men from the regular course of business. Young Mr. Kinsey did, not altogether escape the gold fever, and had actually made all arrangements for the overland trip to California; but he changed his plans, having received a flattering offer from the old established house of Tyler Davidson & Company, who were then just moving into their fine new store, at No. 140 Main street. This change, when made, was regarded as a step beyond the requirements of the times, and, in fact, their stock of hardware made but a sorry show upon the extended shelving of the seven stories of the new building. In a short time, however, their large house was not sufficient to hold the stock of hardware required to meet their rapidly expanding business, and it, therefore, became necessary to have several large warehouses, in addition, in which to store their goods. To no small degree was the successful career of this well-known house due to the business sagacity and tireless energy of Joseph Kinsey, His patient and efficient services as a salesman were rewarded by the offer of an interest in the business, which was accepted, anti Mr. Kinsey continued as a partner, until he had completed eight years of steady work in this old and famous house. It was during this service that he obtained an insight into the growing importance of domestic manufactures, especially in our own city; and by liberal patronage of skilled labor at home, many articles that had theretofore been imported from abroad and from eastern cities were produced here. At the beginning, these goods were not quite as cheap as they alight have been bought for abroad; but soon the preference for goods made at home, where the maker and consumer could by being near together suggest changes and improvements, gave such encouragement to home manufactures that many of those articles have become famous throughout the country as the very best and cheapest that can be found anywhere. Upon severing his connection with the firm of Tyler Davidson & Company, Mr. Kinsey bought. into the rolling-mill property which had been for many years conducted by Lewis Worthington, W. W. Worthington and

HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY. - 543

James Tranter, under the style of Worthington & Co. This branch of industry, in which two or more articles of raw material are put together to make a better and more useful one, had all the charm and fascination that, called out the utmost diligence and energy of Mr. Kinsey who labored without rest, until the beginning of the year 1866, when the co-partnership expired by limitation, and the firm property was put into the Globe Rolling Mill Company, a joint-stock company whose stockholders combined the original owners and others who had long been connected with the successful management of the business.

In the spring of 1866. he gave up all active business, and spent two years with his family in Southbridge, Mass., occupying the old Ammidown homestead in that city, which was endeared to his wife by the early associations of her girlhood. and which Mr. Kinsey bought and presented to her. He also purchased a large holding in the stock of the Central Mills Company, manufacturers of cotton cloth and twine, an enterprise which had been established by Mrs. Kinsey's father, during his lifetime. On his return to Cincinnati in 1868, he was elected to the city council as a member from the old Eleventh Ward. He did not find this position particularly pleasing, but performed its duties faithfully, and was not sorry to retire at the close of his term of service. With the taste for manufacturing still unsatisfied, Mr. Kinsey bought a controlling interest in Post & Company, manufacturers of railway supplies and machinery, and, up to the time of his death, he continued as president of both concerns, Post & Company and The Globe Rolling Mill Company.

In politics, Mr. Kinsey was a Republican of the " straightest sect," and a firm believer in the doctrine of a protective tariff; in religion, he was a member of the Society of Friends, but a liberal thinker, believing in the exercise of religious charity in its broadest sense. He was also a member of the Masonic Fraternity.

Mr. Kinsey was naturally ardent, energetic and generous. He entered with remarkable energy and success into the important branches of business adverted to, and took a profound interest in American industries, not only as a manufacturer, but as an American citizen. He was one of the most influential members and vice-president of the Board of Trade, and was also a leading member of the Industrial League of Cincinnati and the United States. Nor was he a laggard in the support of any public enterprise or charitable institution, for to all of them he contributed liberally of both time and means. In fine, Mr. Kinsey was one of those liberal and public spirited men who are of the highest advantage to any society, and whose personal welfare tend to the advancement of the whole community. While he did not discriminate against any organization whose purpose was clearly for the good of man, yet he seemed most delighted to aid those which were apparently the least aristocratic and had the fewest friends, as for example the Home of the Friendless, and the Colored Orphan Asylum. Probably his greatest work of a public character was in connection with the building of the Cincinnati Southern railway, an enterprise which is, without doubt, the greatest in the history of the city, and, indeed, the most important strictly municipal undertaking in the history of any city in this country. If a full and impartial account of that enterprise is ever written, it will appear that to Joseph Kinsey, in a degree surpassing that of any one man, is Cincinnati indebted for its having been undertaken, and especially that it was carried to completion in the manner originally designed, namely: that the city should be the sole owner of a railroad from Cincinnati to Chattanooga. When the "promised land " was in sight, and many of the old friends of the measure faltered, because it would be necessary to call upon the city for an issue of two millions of bonds more, and fearing lest the approval of the people could not be obtained, wore ready to lease the unfinished road to a company which would furnish the necessary capital to complete it, Mr. Kinsey stepped forward and secured responsible contractors. R. G. Huston & Co., who agreed to complete the road within the limit of two millions of dollars and, further, by going upon their bond, he placed his entire private fortune in jeopardy;

544 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

but rather than have the city embarrassed by being forced to lease an unfinished road, he took the risk. And, if Mr. Kinsey's advice had been followed from the beginning, instead of the city carrying the burden of bonds at seven per cent. interest with no privilege of redemption, she would long since have refunded those bonds at four per cent., or less. Mr. Kinsey was also one of the active promoters of the Marietta & North Georgia railroad from Marietta, Georgia, to Murphy, North Carolina.

During the war he was loyal to the core, and was active in the recruiting of troops, and faithful in looking after the wants of the wives and children of soldiers that they should not suffer while the husbands and fathers were at the front. He served as a member of the Home Guards in the defense of Cincinnati at the time of the Kirby Smith raid.

Two of his brothers still (1894) survive: Isaac Kinsey, farmer and capitalist of Milton, Wayne Co., Ind., and Abram G. Kinsey, who is engaged in the marble quarry business in North Carolina.

Mr. Kinsey was married December 15, 1851, to Miss Ann Frances Ammidown, daughter of Ebenezer Davis and Rebekah (Fisher) Ammidown, of Southbridge, Mass. This union was blessed with thirteen children, five of whom are living: Rebekah Fisher Cole, wife of Mr. C. W. Cole, attorney at law, Cincinnati; Oliver, president of the Post-Glover Electric Company, Cincinnati; Isaac, president of the Covington Brass Manufacturing Company, Covington, Ky.; Ebenezer Ammidown, proprietor of E. A. Kinsey & Company, Cincinnati, dealers in machinery, railway and mill supplies; and (the youngest) Miss Sara Genevieve Kinsey.

EBENEZER AMMIDOWN KINSEY, proprietor of E. A. Kinsey & Co., dealers in machinery and railway supplies, was born in Mt. Auburn, December 18, 1865, and is a son of Joseph Kinsey, whose portrait and biographical sketch appear in this work, He was educated in the public schools of Cincinnati, graduating from the Woodward High School in 1883. He immediately entered the office of Post & Company, and was, successively, office boy, shipping clerk, bill clerk, secretary and vice-president of that concern until December, 1890, when he purchased the mercantile department. Under Mr. Kinsey's wise management the business has grown rapidly, until it is now one of the largest establishments of its kind in the West.

Mr. Kinsey was married April 24, 1889, to Miss Susannah Miles, daughter of John DeBray and Lucy (Davis) Miles, both of American nativity and of French and English ancestry, respectively. This happy union has been blessed with two bright children, Ruth and Helen. In their religious views the family, like Mr. Kinsey's ancestors, are Orthodox Quakers. Politically Mr, Kinsey is very strongly affiliated with the principles of the Republican party.

HON, WILLIAM SLOCUM GROESBECK, one of the most eminent lawyers of the United States, and one of the oldest, most prominent and wealthiest citizens of Cincinnati, was born on the fourth day of July, 1816, near Schenectady, N. Y. His father. John H. Groesbeck, who was born in New York in 1790, was one of the most prosperous merchants in the early history of the city, and was, in the later years of his life, the president. of the Franklin Bank. Our subject's mother, Mary (Slocum), daughter of William Slocum, was of New England birth,

William S. Groesbeck was educated at Augusta College, Kentucky, Oxford College, Ohio, and graduated from the Miami University in 1834. He was the valedictorian of his class in both of the last-named institutions. In 1836 he was admitted to the Bar, and was actively engaged in the practice of his profession until 1857, when he was elected to Congress. His last case was as one of counsel for President Johnson in his impeachment trial in 1868, in which he distinguished himself for his legal acumen and forensic ability. Mr. Groesbeck has served the city of Cincinnati, the county of Hamilton, the State of Ohio, and the United States of America, in numerous high trusts with distinguished ability, that has marked every epoch in

HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY. - 545

his life's history. In 1851 he was a member of the State Constitutional Convention; in 1852 he was one of the commission to codify the laws of the State: in 1857-59 he was a member of Congress. serving on the Foreign Affairs Committee; in 1861 he was a member of the Peace Congress. and in 1862, of the Ohio Senate. He was a delegate to the National Union Convention in 1866. In 1872 he was the Presidential candidate of the Liberal Republicans in opposition to Horace Greeley, and received one electoral vote for Vice-President, for which office he had not been nominated. In 1878 he was a delegate to the International Monetary Congress held in Paris. It has been conceded, by his most bitter political opponents, that there is no eminent position of political preferment within the gift of the American people, or within the appointment of its Chief Executive, that this talented gentleman of the old school of statesmen is not, by scope of intellectual endowment, education, force of character, and habit of thought. well qualified to fill.

Mr. Groesbeck was married, in 1837, to Elizabeth, daughter of Judge Jacob Burnet, a distinguished jurist, a biographical sketch of whom is contained in this volume. Mrs. Groesbeck died April 6, 1889. Five children, all of whom survive, are married. They are: Telford Groesbeck, an attorney of Cincinnati: Dr. Herman Groesbeck, also of Cincinnati; Mrs. Robert Ludlow Fowler, of New York City; Mrs. R. H. I. Goddard, of Providence, R. I., and Mrs. Kenelm T. Digby, of W. Worthing, England. Mr. Groesbeck is a member of the Second Presbyterian Church. Through his munificent endowment of $50,000, free open-air concerts are given weekly, throughout the summer season, in Burnet Woods Park. He resides at Elmhurst, Torrence road, Walnut Hills.

HON. HUMPHREY HOWE LEAVITT was born in Suffield, Conn., in 1796. His family came to America from England in the year 1628. In 1799 his parents migrated from Suffield, Conn., to Warren, Ohio. He served in the war of 1812, studied law, and was admitted to the Bar in 1816.

Mr. Leavitt commenced the practice of his profession at Cadiz, Harrison Co., Ohio, and in the second year of his residence there was elected justice of the peace for the township. He afterward removed to Steubenville, Ohio, where he was later given the appointment of prosecuting attorney, which position he held for ten years. In 1825, during Jackson's administration, he was elected member of the House of Representatives of Ohio from Jefferson county. After serving his term, he became - a candidate for the Senate in 1827, and was elected. In 1829 he was appointed clerk of the Court of Common Pleas and Supreme Court of the county, which position he held only a short time, leaving it in 1830 for a seat in Congress, to which he had been elected. Having served his term, he was re-elected. He was elected for a third term of Congress, but before taking his seat he accepted from President Jackson, on June 30, 1834, the appointment of United States District Judge of Ohio. About twenty years after his appointment the State was divided into two Districts, and he became the judge of the Southern District. The following decisions are well known: First in importance, that one pertaining to the "Bankrupt Law;" also his decisions growing out of the "Fugitive Slave Law" of 1850. The most important of all was that of the "Vallandigham Habeas Corpus Case;" his decision in the "Fenian Movement;" the "Methodist Church Case," decided in 1852.

It was in March of 1855, When the State of Ohio was divided into two Districts, that he came to Cincinnati. In 1869 he was honored by his friends at the Bar, who had a full-length portrait of him painted and placed in the United States Courtroom, where it hangs to-day in the new Custom House. At the same tine these friends presented him with a handsomely bound book containing the names of those who contributed to the cost of the portrait. In March, 1871, being seventy-five years old, he resigned his office, after serving thirty-seven years as United States District and Circuit Judge of Ohio. Upon his retirement the principal members at the Bar tendered him a banquet at the "St. Nicholas," at which the chief toast-

546 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

master was Hon. Henry Stanbery. In 1872 he was appointed a representative to the Prison Reform Congress at London, England. He was highly honored while abroad by invitations to numerous receptions given by the nobility, where he met the different members of the Royal Family of England, among whom he often conversed with and was charmed with the Prince and Princess of Wales. He died in 1872 at the age of seventy-six years.

HON. GEORGE HUNT PENDLETON was born in Cincinnati, July 19, 1825, and died at Brussels, Belgium, November 24, 1889. If it would add anything to his fame, his ancestry might be traced far back into the period of the struggles of the English people against the tyranny of kings and the encroachment of arbitrary power. The name of Pendleton is intimately associated with our Revolutionary war and with the patriots who shared in its hardships and its glory. Among the most distinguished of these was Nathaniel Pendleton, the grandfather of George H. Pendleton, who served through the Revolutionary struggle on the staff of Gen. Greene, and was present at the battles of Trenton, Brandywine, Monmouth, Cowpens, Guilford Court House and Eutaw Springs. He was the friend and enjoyed the confidence of Washington, and was appointed by him judge of the United States District Court of Georgia. Nathaniel Greene Pendleton, the father of George H. Pendleton, was a famous Whig politician, an intimate friend of Gen. Harrison, and one of the most distinguished men of his day. He was elected a member of Congress in 1840. Mr. Pendleton's mother, a daughter of Jesse Hunt, one of the earliest pioneers of the western country, was a woman of strong character and extraordinary will, combined with great loveliness of disposition, and was beloved by all who knew her.

The future of a youth of shining and winning abilities descended from such ancestry could not be a matter of doubt. He was untrammeled by poverty, and was given every advantage which the educational facilities of the time afforded. From his earliest consciousness he was associated with the brightest minds of the age, and be was ambitious and precocious beyond most of his boyish comrades. For eleven years, two of which were spent in Woodward High School, six years under Prof. O. M. Mitchell and at the old Cincinnati College, and three years under private instruction at home, he prosecuted his studies in this city with the greatest zeal and Industry, and gained a thorough and complete classical education. Finding his health somewhat impaired, but still desiring to enrich his mind by observation, he spent two years in travel through a large part of Europe, Asia and Africa, meanwhile continuing his studies with unabated devotion, and was for a time a student at the University of Heidelberg. From 1846, the time of his return to America, until 1853, he studied and practiced law. Not only did he study municipal law, but he made himself familiar with the fundamental principles and science of government, making profound researches in civil law and the law of nations. In 1853 be was elected senator for Hamilton county, and served two years. From that date to the time of his death, about thirty-six years, he was prominent in the politics of his country, and for twenty years he held the highest offices in the gift of the State, and offices as important as any in the gift of the administration at Washington. Inheriting from his father and grandfather a natural taste for public affairs; brought in contact from his boyhood with the leading public men of his day; having imbibed some of the intensity of feeling which characterized all political contests in the exciting period from the first administration of Jackson to the election of Buchanan, it is not remarkable that Mr. Pendleton early entered upon a political career; nor to the student of the history of his time is it at all strange that, while his grandfather was a Federalist and his father a Whig, he should have attached himself to the Democratic party.

At the early age of thirty-two he first entered Congress. He was elected in 1856, re-elected in 1858, 1860 and 1862, and served from December, 1857, until March 4, 1865. His former legislative experience was invaluable to him when he began this

HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY. - 547

service. During his first term he devoted himself to the study of parliamentary law, and did much laborious work upon the committee of military affairs. By his charming manner, fidelity to duty and high sense of honor, he won the confidence of the House, and made a strong impression upon the country. At the next congressional election not a man on the Democratic county ticket was successful, yet Mr. Pendleton was returned by a handsome majority.

This was the last Congress before the war, and it has passed into history as one of extreme party violence; but Mr. Pendleton conducted himself with such conservatism and good sense that he obtained a political prestige which he never thereafter lost. He stood with Douglas against the whole power of the administration, and in favor of the right of the people to form their own territorial governments with or without slavery. In common with many leading men of the North of both political parties he believed that it was possible to save the Union without the arbitration of war. He gave his ardent support to the Crittenden compromise and his most cordial approval to the Peace Convention held by the Northern States at Washington, in February, 1861. During Mr. Lincoln's administration be differed widely from the governmental policy and the management of the war, and had the courage of his convictions to vote against every measure which he regarded as violating the fundamental principle of liberty, or as being an infraction of the constitution of his country. He opposed the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus in portions of the country remote from the theater of war, contended against the declaration of martial law, except in sections occupied by opposing forces, opposed every attempt to make the civil inferior to the military authority, and ,discouraged the centralization of the powers of the government; but never directly or indirectly did he give any aid or encouragement to the enemies of his country; and all his private acts and public speeches show an unalterable devotion to the union of the States. After the beginning of hostilities, in the extra session of Congress in 1861, he declared that he would vote for every measure necessary to enable the government to maintain its honor and dignity, to prevent the dismemberment of the Union or the dishonor of its flag. At every step in the progress of the war he voted to raise men and money to carry on the operations of the government.

When Gen. McClellan was nominated for President of the United States in 1864, Mr. Pendleton received the unanimous vote of the convention for Vice-President. In 1868 he was the choice of the great body of his party for President, and was defeated by Mr. Seymour at the last moment by only a few votes. He was, against his will, a candidate for governor of Ohio in 1869. During the six years from 1878 to 1884, while senator of the United States, he took an active part in all matters of national legislation. His influence was exerted for good upon several important questions, but as the author of the civil service measure he made for himself a place in our legislative history which would have distinguished him even had his previous career been one of obscurity. Without his untiring efforts in its behalf, it is thought that the bill would not have then become a law of the United States, and it is believed by many public men that to its passage and the faithful application and advocacy of its principles, Mr. Cleveland owed his election to the Presidency in 1884. Shortly after Mr. Pendleton's term as senator had expired, in March, 1885, he was appointed minister to the German Empire. On the eve of his departure, in recognition of the esteem in which he was held by his fellow-citizens, and for his long, faithful and distinguished public service, a banquet was tendered him by leading Cincinnatians, irrespective of party. Upon this occasion Senator Pendleton spoke briefly of his official career, thus referring to his political course: "I have always trusted in the people, and have found inspiration in the assured confidence that with them the right would always vindicate the act. And now, looking back at these long years of service, acknowledging with due humility my shortcomings, consulting my own conscience, I have to say to you, my friends and constituents, that no single important vote have I ever cast, no single important measure have I advo-

548 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY,

cated, without a full sense of my responsibility to you, without the full conviction that it was for your good and without, complete assurance that it deserved and would have your absolute approval, and I would not change any of these votes if I could." This was the last, time that Mr. Pendleton spoke in public in Cincinnati. Seeming to have a premonition of the sorrowful event to come, almost overcome with emotion, he said: The future may have long years in store for us-I do not know, but whenever the lengthening shadows indicate my life's sunset. the memory of this night shall cast a mellow light over every sombre hue, and illumine by its reflected rays the pathway of the dark valley." The German government received him with distinction and honor, and for more than two years he discharged all the delicate duties of his position with the greatest tact and credit. His hopes were wrecked by the accidental death of his wife who had been his companion and the comfort and consolation of his life for more than thirty years. Stunned and oppressed by this blighting loss, he was himself soon thereafter stricken with disease from which,. though he rallied for a time, he never fully recovered. He longed for his native land, and prayed that he might die in the city of his birth. On his homeward way he stopped at Brussels, and there his life closed. He was married in 1847 to Miss Alice Key, the daughter of Francis Scott Key, the author of the " Star Spangled Banner." He left a son, Frank Key Pendleton, one of New York's successful lawyers, and two daughters, Miss Pendleton and Mrs. Arthur Brice, both of Washington, D. C.

Mr. Pendleton had few, if any, superiors among the public men of his day. From his youth he had assiduously cultivated the art of public speaking, and yet he seldom spoke without long and careful preparation. His argument against the expulsion of Alexander Long from the House of Representatives, for words spoken in debate, for legal ability and thorough knowledge of the nature and character of our government, has never been surpassed in our Congress, and is worthy to be regarded as a classic in the English language, and many others of his addresses and orations were scarcely less noteworthy. He never spoke as a partisan, but always as a statesman and lover of his country. He was as chivalrous a knight as ever entered the lists of debate, and it was a maxim of his life never to be personal in debate or to abuse his antagonists, and to deal only with their opinions and their actions and with their party as a political organization. His style and manner of speaking were ornate. In all his relations of life he was guided by deep and profound conviction. His mind was strongly imbued with a moral and religious element, but he did not believe in mere dogmas and creeds, and was neither bigoted nor sectarian. He had a high sense of honor, and refused fellowship with any but honorable men. Proud of his good name, he lived a life without reproach, and his private character was unspotted as the untrodden snow. He was all his life a student, and in knowledge of political economy, history and the science of government he was unsurpassed by any man of his time.

HUGH F. KEMPER, senior partner in the firm of Kemper Brothers, at No. 168 Main street, Cincinnati, from about 1860 to the date of his death, was born on A Walnut Hills, February 18, 1824, and died at his residence, No. 122 Park avenue, August 4, 1887. He was the eldest child of David R. Kemper, who was one of the fifteen children of Rev. James Kemper, the first Presbyterian minister west of the Alleghany Mountains, who settled in Cincinnati in 1790, and was for many years pastor of what is now the First Presbyterian Church on Fourth street, near Main. Rev. James Kemper purchased of John Cleves Symmes 140 acres of ground, extending from about what is now McMillan street on the north, to Morris street on the south, and from Gilbert avenue on the west, to South Elm street on the east, and settled on this farm about the year 1800, building first a blockhouse, to protect himself and family from the Indians, on the west side of Park avenue, just north of Windsor street, about where the residence of Henry C. Urner now stands. In 1805-

HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY. - 549

he built a house of walnut logs on the west side of Kemper lane, nearly opposite the entrance to Windsor street, which house, the oldest in Cincinnati, has Keen weather boarded over, and still (1893) stands in good condition. The children of Rev. James Kemper settled on farms near their father, his son, David R., purchasing the one hundred acres adjoining on the east; there the subject of this sketch was born.

In boyhood, Hugh F. Kemper attended old Woodward, and, after entering upon a business career, was for some years in the commission business on Water street; afterward, until his death, he was senior member, as above stated. of the firm of Kemper Brothers, wholesale dealers in carriage goods and carriage trimmings. He was a man entirely without ostentation, but of granite integrity. He held many positions of trust. He was a member of the board of improvements of Cincinnati, in the days when that board served without compensation, but never cared to involve himself in politics. He was a trustee of Lane Seminary, and a member and elder of the First Presbyterian Church on Walnut Hills. The present building used by the congregation was built under his personal supervision, and he was a large contributor to the fund raised for its erection. He was a modest, unassuming, Christian gentleman. He died August 4, 1887, his departure sincerely mourned by an exceedingly large circle of friends.

In 1853 he was married to Mary Jane Miller, of Washington Court House, Ohio, whose death preceded that of her husband by a little more than two years. Six sons were the fruit of the marriage, namely: Willis M., David R., Frank H., Hugh F., Parke F., and Howard W., all of whom survive except Parke F. Kemper, who died February 22, 1893, aged twenty-six years. The eldest son, Willis M. Kemper, is an attorney at law, practicing in Cincinnati. He was married November 12, 1889, to Emily Fitz Randolph Runyan, of New Brunswick, N. J., one of the old families of that name in that State. The second son, David R. Kemper, is a successful business man, in the same line of carriage business here as his father was before him. he was married December 19, 1882, to Harriet Mason Tucker, daughter of the late Johnson M. Tucker, and granddaughter of Dr. George Fries, both of Cincinnati. The third son, Frank H. Kemper, is an attorney at law, practicing in Cincinnati. he was president of the first board of legislation of the city of Cincinnati, a board which in 1891 took the place of the old boards of council and aldermen. He was married October 12, 1892, to Elizabeth Oliver Perkins, a daughter of Henry A. Perkins, senior partner of the saddlery firm of Perkins, Campbell & Company. Cincinnati. The two remaining sons who survive are Hugh F. Kemper, Jr., and Howard N. Kemper, both unmarried, and both engaged in business in Cincinnati.

JACOB HARBAUGH GETZENDANNER was born at Uniontown, Fayette Co., Penn., August 7, 1810, and died at Cincinnati, October 19, 1871. He was a son of Gabriel and Margaret, (Van Houten) Getzendanner, the ancestors of both of whom were natives of Holland.

Jacob H. Getzendanner laid the foundation of his education at the academy of his native town, and with this as his entire capital started at the age of sixteen for the then Far Nest, Hamilton county, Ohio. An uncle. Lewis Getzendanner, one of the earliest settlers of Green township, invited his young relative to make his home with him, and here for several years the young man alternated between learning the trade of carpenter and assisting upon the farm, putting in his spare time at his studies. He early conceived an interest in the study of law, and in 1828, in which year he came to Cincinnati and established himself in business as a carpenter and builder, he commenced a systematic course of that study. As a builder he prospered, and some of the structures that he erected are still standing. His industry, ability and patriotism commended him to his fellow-citizens as the right material for public trusts, and he held a number of elective offices, all of which he

550 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY,

filled with marked ability. As county commissioner and magistrate his services were especially noteworthy. He was admitted to the Bar when forty years of age, and spent the remainder of his life in the practice of his profession. During the closing years of his life his time was largely employed in the hearing of reference cases.

At the Bar meeting held three days subsequent to Mr. Getzendanner's death, the late Judge Bellamy Storer, presiding, the following committee to draft resolutions was appointed: Judge William Caldwell, Judge Stanley Matthews, Col. Thomas Henderson, Thomas G. Mitchell, and John F. Follett. This committee reported the following resolutions, which were adopted:

The Bar of Cincinnati, assembled to pay the last tribute of respect to the memory of a deceased brother, have heard with deep sensibility the announcement of the decease of Jacob H. Getzendanner. This unexpected event recalls to them those qualities which made their association and intercourse with him pleasant and gratifying, and furnishes the appropriate occasion to them of bearing witness to the sound qualities of his head and heart which marked him as a magistrate, distinguished for his discriminating judgment, strong common sense, nice appreciation of right, unbending; Love of justice and perfect integrity; which as a lawyer characterized hint for modesty, frankness, and generous appreciation of others; which as a man exhibited him free from every jealousy and every meanness, abounding with all the amiable traits and impulses of a kind heart. Thoroughly grounded in the principles of his profession, he manifested in a high degree its best and most honorable spirit; the native soundness and quickness of his intellect, and unerring sense of justice amounting to an instinct for truth. This Bar deeply regrets his loss, and tenders to the family their sympathy. It is therefore

Resolved, That as a mark of respect the Bar will attend his funeral in a body.

Resolved, That the proceeding of this meeting be presented to the Courts of this county for record, and a copy transmitted to his family.

Jacob H. Getzendanner was married at the age of twenty-one to Elizabeth, daughter of Britton Ross, one of the pioneer settlers of Hamilton county, and for many years engaged in steamboating on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. Of the children born of this marriage but two survive: Mary E. and Jacob C. Getzendanner.

THEODORE GAZLAY, attorney at law, was born in Cairo, a small village near the Hudson river, in Greene county, N. Y., in 1815, the youngest in a family' of twelve children. His brothers were James W., for many years a prominent attorney of Cincinnati; Sayres, a Presbyterian minister, and Aribert, an Indiana merchant. The father, James Gazlay, and the mother, Huldah (Carter) Gazlay, were born in this country, and both were of English descent. The father came to this city with his family in 1822, and here in the public schools Theodore Gazlay laid the foundation of his education.

As a lad, he learned the printing business in the office of the Independent Press, a weekly newspaper published and edited for a few years by his brother James W. He then formed a partnership and conducted a job printing business with James A. James for a period of three years. His health failing him in this employment, he abandoned it, and repaired to his father's farm near Lawrenceburg, where he began the study of law, which he subsequently pursued in Lawrenceburg, Rising Sun, and Patriot, Ind. He was admitted to practice in 1841, removed to Cincinnati shortly thereafter, and continued in the practice of his profession until 1885, when he abandoned it, now devoting his time to the management of his estate. Mr. Gazlay was for twelve years associated with the Ohio & Mississippi Railway Company, as its managing attorney. He acquired a competency from the practice of his profession, and is, with his children, by inheritance from his nephew, Allen W. Gazlay, eldest son of James 1V. Gazlay, the possessor of more than a half million dollars' worth of real estate in the heart of Cincinnati.

In Lawrenceburg, Ind., in 1844, Mr. Gazlay was married to Jane E. Fitch, whose parents, Harris and Hannah Fitch, were of English and Irish descent, respectively