UNION TOWNSHIP.

This township, occupying a central geographical position in the county, containing the county seat, is therefore of more commercial importance than any other portion of the surrounding territory.

Inasmuch, however; as it has contributed largely to the county history, the facts for its individual history will be somewhat anaemic. It was one of the original townships, formed co-evil with the organization of the county, in 1810 ; its boundary lines have been but very little changed. Beginning about a mile east of Bloomingburg, on the Marion Township line, it runs a little south of west about four and a half miles to the pike; then deflects a little to the south until it reaches Paint Creek, about two and a half miles; thence nearly southwest about two miles to Sugar Creek; thence with said creek about ten miles to Paint Creek; thence north with the pike one mile; thence east one mile to Paint Creek; thence north two miles with the creek, thence northeast two and a half miles to the pike ; thence north of east three miles to C. & M. V. R. R.; thence northwest with the pike three miles; thence north to beginning.

The township is well watered by Paint Creek, which bifurcates near Washington into the east and west branch, and on the west by Sugar Creek.

The township generally is level, the western portion rather heavily timbered, while the northeastern part was called the barrens, very low, wet, and even swampy, covered with high grass in early times, which was annually burnt off by the Indians.

EARLY SETTLERS.

The following names, after having been submitted to old settlers now living, revised and corrected, are taken from Putnam. Edward Smith, sr., immigrated to Fayette County, in 1810, the

458

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same year it was organized. He entered his land on the waters of Paint Creek, since called the East Fork. The land was a dense forest, inhabited by Indians and beasts of prey. He erected his wigwam, and commenced clearing and improving his land, when, on a sudden, the war broke in on his arrangements, and he, with his neighbors, volunteered and served in the defense of his adopted-state. At the close of the war he returned home and recommenced the improving of his land. On. returning one night from Washington, during high water, he attempted to cross the creek, was thrown from his horse and drowned. He was the father of ten children ; Sarah, Caselman, Mary, Susan, Rachel, Eliza, Selina, Edward, July and Maggie, all married. Mrs. Smith died, aged eighty-four. Edward Smith's family, Mary C. Caselman, Lewis, James, Len., John R., Noah, Rachel, and William, are all living. Mrs. Smith, wife of Edward Smith, jr., is living, and looks fresh and young, and is enjoying herself in her neat, tasty, and splendid mansion, where she entertains her numerous relatives and friends, in social chat, when they visit her.

Jacob Casselman, was a noted hunter and farmer. John Thomas, farmer, was in the war of 1812. Jacob Judy, a large farmer, was in the war of 1812, and was a man of note and influence. His old pioneer house is now occupied by his daughter. Colonel Joseph Bell represented the fourth district in congress several terms. Colonel Joseph Vance, sr., served in the French and Revolutionary wars. John King, farmer, Robert Irion, first surveyor, William Cockerall, first school teacher, John Irion, trustee, William Boggs, shoemaker, J. and S. Coffin, tailors, were in the war of 1812. James Pollock and Reuben Purcell, carpenters, also served in the war of 1812. William Brannon, sr., William Brannon, jr., James Brannon, C. Coffman, Hiram Rush, and N. Rush, were farmers. Dr L. Rush, and Dr. B. Rush, are sons of the late William Rush.

Ananias Allen, Madison Allen, James Allen, Joseph Allen, Jesse Allen, Benjamin Allen, and Eben Allen, all lived on Allen Run, sometimes called Big Run. They were men of large hearts, business qualifications, extensive farmers, stock dealers and useful citizens. General Ethan Allen, of revolutionary fame, and all the Aliens in America, are descended from Major Benjamin Allen, who fell in General Braddock's defeat, near Fort Pitt, in 1755.

Robert Smith emigrated from Virginia at an early day and settled in Ross County, near Bainbridge. From Ross he went to Fay-

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ette. When the war broke out in 1812, he served as a soldier, (his father was in the revolution). He was a farmer. His family consisted of Isaac, Alfred, James, David, William H., Henry C., Jerome, Charles W., Eliza, Emma and Mary.

Edward Taylor was born in Pennsylvania, February 3, 1772. His father, William Taylor, was a soldier in the revolution. After the close of the war, he emigrated to Kentucky, and then to the northwest in 1793. During the Indian war he served as a spy. Ile located in now Ross, and purchased a tract of land of Joseph Carr, of Kentucky. He was the father of ten children. Edward Taylor, the subject of this record, was his sixth son. Edward emigrated from Kentucky, to Ross County, in 1808, and to Fayette County, in 1815. His first wife was Nancy Roach, by whom he had three children ; she died in Kentucky, in 1807. He purchased two hundred acres of Nathaniel Massie, on Main Paint and Taylor Run, in 1815, and married Mary Smith, daughter of Edward Smith, by whom he had ten children : Rachel, Elizabeth, Edward, Nancy, Emily, Maggie and Washington. Edward Taylor is the patriarch of Fayette. In his one hundreth year, his mind unimpaired, health and general appetite good, he still, with the energetic aid of his wife, carries on the agricultural business on the old pioneer farm, which they have occupied and successfully cultivated sixty-two years, and raised a large family, all married and doing well—some in Fayette, some in adjacent counties, and some in the west.

Hon. J. S. Bereman was an early settler in the forests of Fayette. He has the credit of establishing and printing the first newspaper in the county. He has served his county in several important trusts, county clerk, judge, representative, and clerk of that august body.

Hon. Daniel McLean, an early settler and a merchant, has held the office of judge, and is now president of the national bank. He is a man of wealth and influence, proverbial for his honesty and benevolence.

Joseph McLean, by occupation a farmer. He was one of our early immigrants. A man of integrity and a useful citizen.

William R. Millikan, editor and owner of the Fayette County Herald, was born in Ross County, and when of age emigrated to the west, and then back to Fayette. He is a nephew of Jesse Millikan, an early pioneer.

William Rush was born in Hampshire County, Virginia, on the

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20th of October, 1783, and moved from there at ten years of age with his parents to Kentucky, where he resided five or six years, and from there they came to High Bank Prairie, in Ross County, Ohio, in about 1798 or 1799, and from there they came and settled in the Pickaway Plains, on the Scioto, in about 1800, where his father, John Rush, died in 1806.

His father, John Rush, was originally from Bedford County, Pennsylvania, and settled in Hampshire County, Virginia, in the time of the revolutionary war.

William Rush married Eleanor Graves, about 1802, by whom he raised seven children, four sons and three daughters. She died in August, 1834, and he was again married, to his present wife, in 1835.

He removed from Pickaway County, Ohio, in December, 1816, and settled on the banks of Sugar Creek, Union Township, where he remained a period of nearly fifty-two years until his death, which occurred on Sunday night at ten minutes before nine o'clock of August 16, 1868.

At an early day he was a member of what was then called the Christian Church, but joined the Methodist Church about forty years ago, in the time of Quinn, Findley, Colbins, Eddy, and those contemporaries in this part of the country, and remained a member of that church until his death.

Mr. Rush was the last one of the pioneer settlers in that section of this county. A few years more and the pioneers of the county will all be gone ; there is now but here and there one left.

Lieutenant John Millikan was one of the first permanent pioneers to the Scioto Valley, and was a man of prominence and influence. During the war of 1812, he served as a lieutenant, and was the father of William R. Millikan, present editor of the Fayette County Herald. Lieutenant Millikan died in 1813, lamented and respected by all who knew him. His father served in the revolution.

Judge James Beatty emigrated to Fayette County, in 1818. Washington had but few log cabins, the county but seven townships sparsely settled. Deer and game of smaller species were in abundance. His grandfather, George Beatty, served as a minute man during the protracted war of the revolution. His father was Charles Beatty, who died in 1850, aged eighty-five. Judge Beatty was in the war of 1812 under Captain Isaac Heiskell, brother of

462 - HISTORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY.

the late John Heiskell of Clarke County, and uncle to P. O. Heiskell of South Charleston, a brave Virginian, who was the son of a veteran of the revolution, Adam Heiskell. About the time the enemy were preparing to attack Fort Stevenson, the frontiers were in great danger, and General Harrison wrote to the governor of Virginia to send to his aid the volunteer riflemen, organized under the state laws. Captain Heiskell on getting the news, was soon on the war path. This was named the general call. Judge Beatty was then but eighteen years old. He belonged to the company, and was one of the first to volunteer in the defense of the frontiers, exposed to the British and Indians. The march was tedious and long. No roads nor public conveyances, but wild traces and trails made by the savages. They suffered untold privations and hardships, until they arrived at headquarters at Upper Sandusky, where were collected eight thousand militia, under General McArthur. The troops having arrived at Upper Sandusky, formed the grand army of the northwest. Judge Beatty helped to erect Fort Meigs.

Judge Beatty was elected and commissioned an associate judge, in 1847, and served with great acceptance until the new constitution was adopted. Judge Beatty is a strong minded enterprising man, possessed of an iron will ; a man of sense and sound judgment, and every way qualified for the honor conferred upon him. He is an honorable man, strict and close to business, but honest and benevolent, kind to the poor. He was born in Virginia, in 1793, and is now seventy-eight years old. He holds his age remarkably well. His family record is, Newton, Milton, James, Mary, Henry Ferman, son-in-law. Newton is a farmer and stock dealer, Milton farmer and preacher, James, farmer, Mary married Henry Ferman. They occupy the old homestead, and the judge makes his home with them. In religion, the judge is a Presbyterian.

Robert Robinson, attorney, and an early representative of Fayette County ; Honorable Wade Loofborough, attorney and an early representative of Fayette County. Colonel S. F. Carr, attorney, a man of sense, a military man, has held several important trusts, has represented the county in the legislature. His oration, delivered July 4, 1871, should be printed on satin, preserved, and handed down to the latest posterity. He was at the late pioneer fair and greatly enjoyed himself. Brice Webster, Robert Harrison, Joseph Orr, and James Harrison farmers. Thomas Walker, J.

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Walker and C. Walker died, aged ninety ; James Timmons died, aged ninety-nine. Patrick Pendergrass, Thomas Pendergrass, James Allen, Samuel Webster, Moses Rowe, Daniel McLaih, John Hues, B. Ball, (aged 98,) John Weeks, John Dehaven, (aged 101,) William Highland, Robert Geno, Abram Ware, David Thompson, Daniel Shiry, John Rankin, N. Evans, John Allen and David Morrisson. The above are all farmers and honest men.

Seth Dunn, hunter and farmer ; Elisha Taylor and Colonel Jewett were all in the war of 1812 ; occupations, farmers. Nathan Loofborrow, Jerome Drais, and James McCoy were all noted stock dealers. Isaac Templeton, a day laborer, was father of eighteen children, (three sets of twins). Abel Wright and John Myers, tanner and farmer ; Joseph Blackburn was ninety-nine, a tanner ; Stephen Grubb, carpenter; Judge Gillespie, a man of influence ; Noah Devualt and George Hinkle carpenters ; Zebedee Heagler and John Grady were the first butchers.

John Thomas settled at the mouth of the east fork of Paint Creek. about 1810, and was known all over the country as " chin" Thomas, on account of the remarkable extension of his chin.

Robert Harrison and William Downing, about 1808, came from Kentucky and located on Sugar Creek. They were industrious, energetic men, and good citizens.

Samuel and Frank Waddle came from Kentucky, in 1810, and settled on Sugar Creek.

Henry and Jacob Snyder came from Virginia, first to Ross County then to Fayette, locating on Sugar Creek, in 1809.

David and John Wright settled on Sugar Creek, in 1808. The former had a remarkable memory, and could; after once reading, repeat fifty or more pages of matter.

Leonard Bush came with a large family from Virginia, in 1808, and settled on Sugar Creek.

Fielding Figgins, with four or five sons, came from Kentucky and began farming on Sugar Creek in 1809.

The Millers came from Virginia, in 1810, and settled between Washington and Sugar Creek.

The Coils located near Bloomingburg, in 1809.

Jacob Judy came from Virginia and located on the east fork of Paint Creek, in 1809.

A Mr. Smith settled on Paint Creek, in which he was subsequently drowned.

464 - HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

It appears that for a long time no settlements were made in the immediate vicinity of the present site of Washington.

John Orr settled on Paint Creek, about two miles southeast of Washington, in 1808.

Valentine (" Felty ") Coil was one of the early settlers of Union Township and Washington Court House. During the early Indian wars he was captured at Ruddle's Station by the Indians and Canadians under Colonel Byrd when about two years of age, and with his sister carried across the Ohio, at Cincinnati, to Niagara Falls, thence to Canada, where he was adopted by a squaw who had lost a son, with whom he lived until his marriage. It is said that the notorious Simon Gerty, who captured him, met him at a public house in Canada, and after inviting him to drink, and when under the influence of fire water bantered him for a fight, which being refused he grew very loquacious, and revealed to him where all his friends were. On the strength of this, Coil went to Kentucky and found an uncle, who went with him to Virginia and found his mother, who had married a man by the name of Hendricks. When he saw her, she did not recognize him. He asked her if she had lost a son. She replied that she had, and would know him by a peculiar mark. On examination the mark was found, and the son reclaimed. He returned to Canada. His wife dying, his sister Polly went to Canada, and together they came first to Chillicothe, then to Fayette County, and set up a distillery near Washington ; finally abandoned it and came to Washington. It is said he made whisky in Canada for the English Fur Company. He was sold by the Indians to a British officer, whose wife imposed on him and made a slave of him.

WASHINGTON.

Washington, the county seat of Fayette County, is located near the central portion of Union Township, on Paint Creek, and occupies a part of entry No. 757, which consisted of twelve hundred acres, and belonged to Benjamin Temple, of Logan County, Kentucky, who donated one hundred and fifty acres to Fayette County for a county town, or seat of justice. The deed conveying this land to the county was made December 1, 1810, by Thomas S. Hind

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(through a power of attorney from Temple), to Robert Stewart, who was appointed by the legislature of Ohio as Director of the Town of 'Washington," and who had the town laid off sometime between December 1, 1810, and February 26,1811the date of the record of the town plat.

EARLY BUSINESS.

Joseph Runk was very probably the first merchant in Washington, and occupied a hewed log building (one end of which he used for a dwelling) on the east corner of Main and Market streets. He began business there perhaps as early as 1811, and continued until 1813, when he became financially embarrassed, and his property was sold to Samuel Waddle, stepfather of Judge D. McLean.

About the time that Runk began business at the place above located, or probably a little later, Peter Hefley opened a small store on the southeast side of Court Street, about where Boyer's drug store stands.

Henry Snyder and Jesse Mulloy ran a store for a while, then Mulloy retired, and Snyder carried on the store.

Pierce Evans came with a large stock of goods in 1814. He was soon followed by Samuel Evans and sons, from Highland County. Pierce Evans built a store-room on the site of the old T. D. & B. depot, and ran it until 1822, when he failed. Samuel Evans and sons continued for a time, sold out, and went into the tavern business on the corner where now stands the drug store of Brown Brothers.

Waddle & McGarraugh started a general country store in 1817, the former running the store, and the latter practicing medicine, which was continued until 1822.

When Pierce Evans failed, his goods were taken by John Boyed, and the business was carried on for years by James Shivers, who also kept drugs, and when he retired he was succeeded in the drug business by Daniel McLain.

In 1830 there was a firm by the name of John McManis & Co. Samuel Yeoman, William Mcllwain, Webster Melvin & Co., and Henry Robinson & Co., were in business about 1838-'40.

TANNERIES.

In connection with his store, Peter Hefley also sunk a tanyard

466 - HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

on his yard in the rear of his store room, and exchanged goods for hides, and in this manner carried on business for several years. This was the first tanyard at Washington, and started perhaps shortly after he opened his store.

The next tannery of Washington was started by McQuita and Strati, in about 1820, on the north corner of Court and North streets. The business was continued five or six years.

In about 1838, Jesse L. Millikan started a tannery on Main Street, near the C. & M. V. depot, on the site of the present dwelling of James Ely, and carried on the business five or six years.

BLACKSMITH.

Henry Flecher, in about 1812, opened a blacksmith shop on the south corner of Court and Fayette streets, where Hudson's jewelry store now stands, which, if not the first, was among the very earliest blacksmith shops in Washington. He carried on the business at this point fifteen or twenty years.

GENERAL FEATURES.

The following synopsis of life at Washington, its progress in business, educational affairs, and personnel of its citizens, is taken from the Cincinnati Gazette :

It has always been a question why it was that this village received the name of Washington. We can understand that C. H. stood for Court House, but why the Washington ? Was it in honor of the capital city, or was it in honor of the father of his country, because the then inhabitants were so truthful that, like George, after cutting down his father's cherry tree, they could not tell a lie ? Fayette County, of which it is the county-seat, was named for Marquis de Lafayette, who so nobly fought for American liberty by the side of the aforesaid George. It is a county abounding in big farms, great wealth, and the fine culture of its inhabitants. It is sometimes jocularly called Little Bristle, and thereby hangs a tale—a tale of pigs. The following is the story : Its territory was once a part of Ross County, and it was sliced off to form Fayette. Now, in those early days in Ohio, it was a common thing for the settlers to permit their hogs to run at large to feed upon the nuts and acorns that were so plentiful in the forests. In

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time many of them became wild, and the ownership in such ceased. These multiplied, and it became so that when a settler wanted some pork, he would take down his gun and whistle up his dog, and start for the brush to give chase to the wild hogs. Having found one, his dog would chase it down, the settler would shoot it, and pack it home to replenish his larder. These hogs were long legged, with thin bodies like a sunfish, and had bristles along their backs that stood up when the hogs were aroused like quills on the back of a porcupine. This hunting of the wild hog continued so long in the hills of Ross County that it became known as Big Bristle, and when Fayette County was detached it at once took the name of Little Bristle.

This has become quite a railroad center, by reason of the foresight and enterprise of its business men. They were imbued with a desire to build up their town, and hence let no opportunity slip by of getting a railroad into the town. The first road was the Muskingum Valley, then known as the C., W. & I. This was built in 1853. Since, there are the Dayton & Southeastern and the Springfield & Jackson. A narrow gauge road, known as the Cincinnati, Washington & Columbus, has been projected and built. It connects with the Cincinnati Northern at Waynesville. The Springfield Jackson and the Dayton & Southeastern both tap the coal fields in Southeastern Ohio, and as a result coal is placed in the cellars of consumers at five cents per bushel less than to consumers on the line of the M. V. between Washington and Morrow.

Quite a good line of business is transacted. The grocery trade is represented by Stimson Brothers, Brownell Brothers, George Dahl, John Millikan & Co., C. L. Getz, and others. In dry goods, Melvin, Silcott & Co., Craig Brothers, Mr. O'Brien, O. Wrensch, Antrim & Eycke, E. Saul, and Glickman & Co. In books and stationery, Richard Millikan, D. C. Foster & Co., and Henry Hildebrant. Mr. Millikan has been in the business for many years. For fifteen years he was clerk of the court of this county. He is a son of Jesse Millikan, one of the early settlers, who was the first clerk of the county. Henry Hildebrant is an importation from Wilmington, formerly of the house of J. & H. Hildebrant. He is also engaged in the sale of sewing machines. In the drug line there are O. A. Allen, H. W. Boyer, W. A. Harlow, H. C. Coffman, and Brown Brothers; the latter an old firm, well established, and owning another drug store in Wilmington. In grain dealers there are

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J. D. Stuckey & Co., Draper & McElwaine, Burnett, Gillespie & Co., and Talbot & Co. In livery there are the stables of George I. Bailey, Foster & Fuller, and 0. S. Collins. There are but two hotels, the Cherry House, and the Arlington. The latter is under the management of Messrs. Fuller & Owens, late of Delaware, Ohio.

In the way of newspapers, the business is perhaps overdone. There is the Republican, edited by Mr. Gardner ; the Herald, by Honorable William Millikan, now representing this county nn the legislature ; and the Register, edited and published by H. V. & J. D. Kerr. Mr. Millikan is one of the oldest newspaper men in the state. Mr. H. V. Kerr is state librarian. His term will expire March 17. J. D. Kerr is a son of H. V. Kerr. The two former papers are Republican in politics, the latter Democratic.

The court house is a very plain structure, built of brick. It is dark, damb, dingy, and dilapidated, and not at all in keeping with the town. A new one is to be built in the course of a few years. Judge Ace Gregg is on the bench holding court, and a grand jury in session attended by the prosecuting attorney, F. G. Carpenter. Of lawyers, there are more than two score, prominent among whom arc : M. Pavey, Mills Gardner, H. L. Hadley, H. B. Maynard, M. J. Williams, C. A. Palmer. J. B. Priddy is judge of the probate court.

The pride of Washington is its public schools. These are under the care of Professor John P. Patterson, superintendent, one of the ablest and most efficient educators in Ohio, assisted by the following corps of teachers: Mr. E. H. Mark and Mrs. J. C. VonBuhlow, principals of the high school : Misses Ella Sinks, Alma Kephart, Tinnie Cleaveland, Lottie Cleaveland, and Emma. McKee, teachers in the grammar school ; and Misses Ella Pitzer, Anna Bell, Mollie Foster, and Callie Wherrett, teachers in the primary department. These are all teaching in one building : a large three story brick, with a double stairway in the center leading to upper floors. In that part of the town called Sunny Side, and which lies across the creek, there is another school building—a neat, tidy brick—of two rooms, wainscoted, airy, and comfortable, with vestibule for hanging wraps, hats and caps. In these' rooms are children of the primary department, under the tutelage of H. B. Maynard, jr., and Miss Lida Pine. In another part of town is the colored school building of two rooms, where they are two teachers employed, Mr. L. C. D. Anderson and Miss Florence G. Treat. Too much can

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not be said in praise of the schools here. The discipline is excellent, the scholars intelligent, studious, and obedient, and the teachers kind, energetic, and painstaking. Six of the teachers are graduates of the high school, and one, Miss Treat, of Columbus high school. In connection with the school, and in use by the teachers and pupils are a geological cabinet, philosophical and chemical apparatus, conchological cabinet, maps, globes, library, etc., which afford fine facilities for research and investigation.

The collectors office of the sixth district of Ohio is located here, James Pursell being the collector. He was appointed in 1869, and up to January 1, 1881, had collected revenue to the amount of $7,338,989.27. The collections in 1880 aggregated $633,578.60. In addition to this there are 17,432 packages of liquors in the bonded warehouses in this district, on which the tax, if collected now, would amount to $512.982. Under the law of March 1, 1879, spirits can remain in bond three years before being taxed. Five hundred and eighty-one barrels of apple brandy were manufactured in this district last fall, the principal manufactory being at New Richmond. Within the last year there has been exported from this district 4,820 gallons of whisky, of which 1,938 gallons went to the Bermuda Islands, and 2,882 to New Brunswick.

A portion of this liquor goes to supply the saloons here, of which there are twenty-five. This is the cloud that casts the only shadow on the town. Turn on what street you may, near the central part of town, and you see them with their painted glass in the windows, and the screens near the doorway. It is sad to contemplate the vast amount of vice and crime that flows from them. There is an ordinance of the village that requires them to close up at 9 o'clock in the evening, but we are told that it is not enforced. Boys attending the public school have been known to patronize these places, but as a consequence, they soon lose interest in the school and finally drop out and never return. It is a sad and dreary feature of this town.

OLD TIMES.

The following is from the Fayette County Herald of September 8, 1881:

An old friend from the country, who has lived in the county from the time of its organization, was sitting in our office the other

470 - HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

day, and looking across the street at the old Parvin building, which was made of hewed logs and weather-boarded up, noticed that the boards were torn off and the old logs exposed, said that his mind was carried back-sixty years or more, when the old log house was occupied by the late John Popejoy as a tavern; and, said he, " when we youngsters used to come here to muster, we used to buy whisky of John and pay him in Piatt shinplasters, and he would stick the currency into a crack between the logs, and the mischievous young soldiers would take the same currency from its depository and buy more whisky with it from John."

This is the last old log relic of pioneer times we know of in town, and it is now taking its departure from the ground it has so long and so honorably occupied. It is an innocent old relic, but if it could give a history of the varied scenes that have occurred in it as the pioneer hotel of Washington, it might be of interest to the generations of these modern days. Probably there may be found some of Piatt's shinplasters yet remaining between its ancient timbers. We understand that when the weather-boarding is entirely removed from it, it is to be photographed.

THE PIONEER HOUSE.

The old house on the public square, Main Street front, known as the Parvin property," now being dismantled and stripped of the weather-boarding, reveals to nearly three generations a two-story hewed log house that was erected in 1811, from logs that were cut from the ground upon which it stands. It is the last relic of the pioneer days of' the early settlement of Washington, which will soon be numbered with the things of the past. Those who would look upon a picture in real life of' seventy years ago, will have to do so soon, as Mr. P. S. Collins, who has bought it, will remove it shortly. It was the first hotel in the place.

COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS.

February 25, 1831, an election was held at the court house, and the following officers were elected: Mayor, Benjamin Hinton; recorder, Calvin B. Woodruff; trustees, Thomas McGarraugh, William Halt, Jesse Millikan, Eber Patrick, and James Shivers.

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April 4, 1831, Daniel McLain was appointed treasurer, and Arthur McArthur was appointed marshal.

April 13, 1831, it was ordained that all grocers who wished to sell spirituous liquors in less quantities than one quart, must first obtain the privilege from the mayor by paying license of $3.75.

April 13, 1832. Resolved that stated meetings of council shall be held on the first Mondays of June, September, December, and March, of .each year.

April 28, 1832, it was resolved not to license any person to retail spirituous liquors from and after the first day of July next (1832).

June 4, 1832, two mills to the dollar were levied on the taxable property of the city for corporation purposes.

At same meeting an ordinance to prohibit shooting within the city limits was passed, and the penalty for violation of the same was fixed at one dollar.

March 15, 1833, the mayor and recorder were instructed to advertise for bids for the erection of a house on the west corner of the public square.

March 19, 1833, Henry Phelps, Norman F. Jones, Wade Loofborrow, and Jesse Millikan were allowed $9.37 1/2 for their interest in the fire engine "Leo," which they purchased of W. H. H. Pinney.

April 13, 1833, it was decided to build a fire-engine house fourteen feet long, eight feet wide, and eight feet high, and the contract was awarded to Thomas, at thirty-nine dollars.

June 3, 1833, two mills were levied to the dollar on the taxable property, for corporation purposes.

October 28, 1833, engine house received by council.

January 6, 1834, a committee was appointed to examine fire engine, and order the same to be put in complete repair, and have ten ladders made for the use of the corporation.

June 7, 1837, a levy of two mills made for corporation purposes. June, 1838, levy of two mills made.

June 24, 1838, levy of two mills made.

August 10, 1839, John L. Vandeman was appointed marshal, to fill vacancy occasioned by the death of David McLain.

September 30, 1839, John Saunders was appointed mayor, to fill vacancy occasioned by the removal of Dr. James M. Beard from the corporation limits.

472 - HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

March 23, 1840, Joseph Bell was elected mayor, Orlando Loofborrow recorder, and Alfred S. Dickey, John Saunders, William A. Tulleys, Nicholas Hays, and L. D. Willard, trustees.

March 3, 1840, Elam Hinton elected treasurer, and William P. Rowe marshal.

April 8, 1840, it was decided to make extensive improvements on the streets and alleys.

April 14, 1840, Joseph Bell tendered his resignation as mayor, which was accepted, and Thomas Hall appointed to fill the vacancy.

April 17, 1840, Wade Loofborrow was appointed mayor, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Colonel Bell. [From this it would seem that Mr. Hall declined the appointment received the 14th.—WRITER.]

June 15, 1840, Fletcher Backenstow was appointed councilman in place of L. D. Willard, who had removed from the city limits.

February 5, 1840, E. W. Turner appointed marshal to fill vacancy caused by the removal beyond the corporation limits.

March 22, 1841, the following officers were elected: Mayor, John McLain, jr.; recorder, William Halt; councilmen, Peter Windle, Samuel McLain, Richard Smith, Joseph Blackmore, and Jeptha Davis.

March 22, 1841, Orlando Loof borrow was appointed to serve as marshal, and Jared Plumb to serve as treasurer, till others could be appointed.

June 5, 1841, William McElwain was appointed treasurer in stead of Jared Plumb, who refused to serve longer.

August 11, 1841, twenty-one dollars appropriated to purchase a plow and two scrapers for use of corporation.

August 19, 1842, it was ordained that all male citizens between the ages of twenty-one and sixty years of age, living within the corporation limits of the city, should perform two days' labor on the streets of the village each year.

June 3, 1843, a levy of one mill was made for corporation purposes.

March 21, 1845, ordinance adopted making it lawful for three months for citizens to kill any dog running at large on the streets after 12 o'clock the following day. [That council ought to have had a monument erected to its memory.—WRITER.]

November 22, 1846, in order to protect property from fire, an ordinance was passed making it unlawful to deposit ashes within ten

UNION TOWNSHIP - 473

feet of any building; also, it was ordered that the marshal inspect all fireplaces, and see that they were put in proper repair if in an unsafe condition.

October 23,1847, it was ordered that a walk he constructed across Market Street; one from Hinds Street, at the Presbyterian Church; and from Fayette Street, adjacent to the property of N. Hay, to the property of Peter Windle; said road walks to be four feet wide, six inches deep in the middle of the street, and three inches at the side.

August 7, 1848, adopted rules and regulations for the government of Washington Fire Company, which was reorganized under act of General Assembly, passed March 13, 1843.

August 15, 1848, ordinance passed prohibiting hogs from roaming at large within the corporation limits.

August 25, 1851, license issued to J. M. June & Co., to exhibit their "American and European Amphitheater" on August 8th, on payment of ten dollars.

November 15, 1851, mayor and recorder were instructed to grant the right of way on the north side of East Street to the Cincinnati, Zanesville and Wilmington Railroad.

June, 1852, levy of three mills on taxable property of corporation was made.

June 29, 1852, ordinance passed to prohibit the sale of intoxicants within the corporation limits.

December 2, 1852, $1,255 were ordered paid to Newman & Pritchard, of Cincinnati, for fire engine, hose reel and hose carriage.

January 7, 1853, paid William Burnett $25 for bringing engine, hose, etc., from Cincinnati.

April 2, 1853, appropriated $150 for the building of a cistern, to hold not less than one hundred and fifty barrels, at the crossing of Main and Court streets.

June, 1853, two and one-half mills were levied on the dollar for corporation purposes.

August 23, 1853, passed ordinance regulating the buying and selling of hay and grain, and establishing the office of weigh master.

March 3, 1855, an ordinance passed prohibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors in the village of Washington. (This ordinance was afterward declared to be in conflict with the state laws on this subject, and was desisted ineffectual.)

474 - HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

On pages 240 and 241 of the minutes appear an ordinance creating permanently the office of street commissioner, but the date of its passage is not given.

June 17, 1858, an ordinance was passed creating a special police, enlarging the force to four, and defining their duties.

July 16, 1858, an ordinance was passed making the flying of kites within the city limits an offense, and fixing the penalty for the violation of the above ordinance at not less than fifty cents, nor more than five dollars.

December 10, 1858, an ordinance was passed allowing the mayor in certain cases that came before him for adjustment to appoint a jury to sit upon the same.

At the same meeting an ordinance was passed requiring persons offering goods at auction in the city of Washington, to pay into the treasury a license of not less than five, nor more than twenty dollars, at the discretion of the mayor, for said privilege.

December 17, 1858, an ordinance was passed allowing the mayor to COMMIT offenders (the ordinance don't say where) who refuse to pay the fines assessed against them.

December 6, 1859, an ordinance was passed making it an offense to create any loud or boisterous noise within the corporation limits of the village of Washington, and imposing fines upon persons convicted of such misdemeanors of not less than two dollars, nor more than twenty dollars, with costs of prosecution.

September 11, 1863, an ordinance was passed prohibiting swine from running at large within the city limits.

July 4, 1864, ordinance passed making it an offense to leave, or cause to be left, any team, wagon, buggy, or other vehicle, or any horse, mule, or other animal, on any street in the village within thirty feet of any house or dwelling, or any fence in front of same, without the consent of the owner of said premises, or hitch or fasten any horse or other animal to any ornamental or shade tree, planted or growing along or upon any such street, any person shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined not more than five dollars, nor less than fifty cents, for each offense.

February 20, 1866, an ordinance was passed, submitting the question of the annexation of certain territory to the village of Washington to the qualified voters of Washington, bounded and described as follows: "Beginning at a stone in the line of John Vandeman and Curran Millikan, where an elm bears S. 30̊ E. 16 links

UNION TOWNSHIP - 475

and 72 poles west of the west corner of said incorporated village; thence N. 46 1/2̊, E. 425 poles (crossing the Jamestown road at 34 poles and the Jeffersonville road at 208 poles) to a jack oak in the line of M. A. Melvin and Lenox Campbell; thence S. 431̊ E. 340 (crossing the Columbus road at 150 poles and the Circleville Turnpike at 303 poles) to a stone on the line of Daniel McLean; thence S. 46 1/2̊ W. 425 poles (crossing the railroad at 88 poles and the lower Greenfield road at 244 poles) to a stone in Daniel McLean's pasture, where a burr oak bears N. 66̊ E. 36 links, and a jack oak bears S. 51̊ E. 48 links; thence N. 43 1/2̊ W. 340 poles (crossing the Greenfield road at 60 poles, and the Leesburg road at 162 poles, and the turnpike at 186 poles) to the beginning thereof."

The above was submitted to the qualified voters of Washington at the regular annual election in April, 1866, for their approval or rejection.

February 11, 1867, ordinance passed making it unlawful to sell, or offer for sale, or give away, any obscene literature, picture, or statuary, bathe between sunrise in the morning and dark in the evening, harbor any strumpet or whore, or misuse any animal, within the corporate limits of Washington, and imposing fines not exceeding fifty dollars for said offenses.

June 1, 1868, an ordinance was passed making it unlawful for persons to hold familiar conversation with ally common prostitute on the streets, at fairs, or any public place or gathering, within the limits of Washington, or to keep any house of infamy within the corporate limits of said village, and imposing fines of not more than thirty dollars, or imprisonment not more than ten days, or both, at the discretion of the mayor.

July, 1868, ordinance passed punishing vagrancy and prostitution within the city limits.

February 2, 1869, ordinance passed to prohibit ale and porter shops, and other houses of resort for tippling and intemperance, within the corporation limits. (This has since been repealed.)

April 16, 1870, ordinance passed requiring certain municipal officers to execute the following bonds before entering upon the duties of their respective offices: Mayor, one thousand dollars; marshal, two thousand dollars ; and the clerk, one thousand dollars.

May 24, 1870, ordinance passed authorizing the destruction of gaming implements found within city limits; also, ordinance passed closing business places on Sunday.

476 - HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

August 15, 1870, ordinance passed requiring persons running hack coaches, or omnibuses, first to obtain a license from the mayor for such privilege.

October 10, 1870, ordinance requiring owners of shade trees to keep the same trimmed to the height of not less than eight feet from the ground, and imposing fines of not less than one dollar, nor more than five, for the neglect of the above requirements.

October 10, 1870, ordinance passed to prohibit the running at large of vicious dogs on the streets of Washington, and fixing the penalty of the owners of such animals, in case of the violation of the above ordinance, at not less than two dollars, nor more than dollars, and costs of proseention.

January 2, 1875, ordinance passed establishing a board of health in Washington Court House, and to define the duties of said board.

February 20, 187—, ordinance passed authorizing the removal of members of council, or any elective officers of Washington, for any malfeasance in their official duties. Section 2 of the above ordinance provides that charges shall be preferred in writing, and may be made by council, or any three citizens of the cillaye.

March 8, 1875, ordinance passed to punish vagrancy, disturbance of the peace, and to apprehend and confine suspicious (characters.

May 11, 1875, ordinance passed permitting the Washington Gas Light Company to establish works within the city.

January 10, 1876, ordinance passed supplementary to an ordinance entitled "Au Ordinance to Punish Vagrancy," etc., passed March 25, 1875.

March 16, 1876, ordinance fixing the salaries and regulating the fees of mayor, marshal, and clerk, which are as follows: Mayor, two hundred dollars ($200) per year, with such fees as are allowed by law when the fines are collected; marshal, three hundred dollars ($300), and such fees as may be allowed by law; clerk, two hundred dollars ($200) per year.

May 8, 1876, ordinance passed amending the ordinance of March 25, 1875.

May—, 1876, ordinance creating the office of street commissioner, and regulating the duties thereof.

August —, 1876, ordinance passed regulating the sale of intoxicating liquors in Washington Court House.

August 14, 1876, ordinance passed to punish fast driving or riding through the streets of Washington.

UNION TOWNSHIP - 477

January 14, 1878, ordinance passed regulating the price of gas
furnished by the Washington Gas Light Company.

At the same meeting an ordinance was passed creating the office of city solicitor, and to provide for the election of said officer.

October 14, 1878, ordinance passed punishing vagrancy, disturbers of the peace, and suspicious characters.

October 17, 1878, ordinance passed for the suppression of houses of ill-fame within the city limits.

July 28, 1879, ordinance passed to regulate the use of vehicles the railroad depots, and to prevent disturbance and disorderned, and to protect travelers in and about said depots.

Janury 22, 1880; oordinance passed to regulate and license auctioneering, hawking, peddling, and huckstering in the incorporate village of Washington Court House.

March 11, 1880, ordinance passed authorizing the annexation to Washington of certain territory lying contiguous thereto.

RELIANCE FIRE ENGINE, HOOK AND LADDER, AND HOSE COMPANY.

The organization of this company took place at the court house, Friday evening, September 20, 1872. W. G. Gould was made temporary chairman of the meeting, and C. J. Bell, secretary. An election of officers was held, which resulted as follows :

President, E. B. Updegrove ; vice-president, A. Black ; secretary, F. D. Bradley ; treasurer, A. Hamilton ; foreman of engine department, H. E. Lidy ; assistant foreman of engine department, James Calkins ; foreman of hose department, A. J. Jennings ; assistant foreman of hose department, Z. T. Johnson ; foreman of hook and ladder department, William Deson ; assistant foreman of hook and ladder company, William Hettesheimer. The roll book shows one hundred and ninety-two signers to the constitution.

October 11, 1872, the following uniforms were adopted : Round top hat of heavy leather, flannel shirt, and black leather belt.

November 4, 1872, the city was divided into four fire wards; Court Street being the dividing line.

The first ward composed of that portion of the city lying north of Court Street and east of Fayette; the second ward consisted of the territory. lying north of Court and west of Fayette ; the third occupied that part of the city lying south of Court and west of Fayette ; and the fourth comprised the remainder of the corporation lying south of Court and east of Fayette.

478 - HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

At the same meeting the president was authorized to order trumpets for the use of the foreman of each department. Compensation of steward was temporarily fixed at seventy-five dollars per annum, and it was resolved that honorary members would be admitted to the company by the applicant paying five dollars into the treasury.

November 18, 1872, the following uniform was adopted : Engine department, red shirts trimmed in blue ; hook and ladder department, blue shirt trimmed in red ; hose department, red shirt trimmed in buff.

December 2, 1872, the office of foreman of hose department was declared vacant.

January 6, 1873, A. J. Jennings was re-elected foreman of hose department. At the same meeting, it was resolved that the fire company give a ball at Fireman's Hall, February 21, 1873.

January 21, 1873, Chillicothe band was engaged at thirty-eight dollars, and expenses, to play at the ball.

February 6, 1873, company met to make arrangements to attend in a body the funeral of brother firemen, James T. Gould. Also resolutions of respect to the deceased brother and condolence to the family were passed, and sent to the bereaved friends.

March 30, 1873, John Miser, treasurer of dance committee, reported the following : Receipts, $120.25 ; expenses, $99.75 ; profit, $20.50.

April 7, 1873, A. J. Jennings, foreman of hose department, resigned.

May 5, 1873, apparatus taken out and company drilled one-half hour. At the same meeting, J. W. Duffee was elected foreman of hose department by acclamation.

July 8, 1873, the Sabbath-schools of West Lancaster and Staunton, were awarded mottoes from the fire company for their attendance at the celebration of the fourth—the presentation being made by W. C. Gould. In return for this the Staunton school gave the fire company a picnic.

December 1, 1873, it was decided to hold a fair at the hall during the holidays. The following committee was appointed to solicit subscriptions to the enterprise in the city proper : A. Hamilton, George Ely, George Miles, G. W. Gossard, John Bentz, and W. C. Gould. J. P. Wyott was selected as a committee of one to solicit aid in that delectable part of the town, known then by the euphonious title of " Bulltail."

UNION TOWNSHIP - 479

June 1, 1874, it was resolved to celebrate the Fourth of July in an appropriate manner. At the same meeting, A. Hamilton resigned as treasurer and F. D. Bradley was elected by acclamation to fill the vacancy.

January 4, 1875, company requested council to provide steam fire engine in place of the Babcock engine in use till then by the department, which was granted by the council.

January 25, 1875, special meeting was called to make arrangements to attend the funeral of brother M. Blanchard. A committee of three, consisting of C. A. Palmer, Samuel W. Stuckey, and A. W. Black, was appointed to draft resolutions appropriate to the memory of the deceased brother.

April 5, 1875, services of steward and office engineer inaugurated. A ball was given by the company at their' hall, February 22, 1876.

March 1, 1876, treasurer reported $22.92 net profits from the ball ; the total receipts being $65.10; and expenses $44.18.

March 13, 1876, Samuel W. Stuckey, treasurer, made the following financial report.

CASH RECEIPTS.

November 1, 1875, from F. D. Bradley, ex-treas., $79.49

December 11, 1875, " E. B. Updegrove, 75.00

March 11, 1876, from E. B. updegrove, and

committee on dance, 20.00- $174.49

DISBURSEMENTS.

November 2, 1875, to J. B. Wyott, $5.00

      ,, 6, " " T. Nitterhouse, 18.40

December 11, " " S. N. Yeoman, 22.31

January 3, 1876, " George P. Barnes, 8.00- $ 53.71

Balance on hand, $120.78

April 12, 1876, department adopted new constitution and by-laws, and one hundred copies of the same were ordered printed for use of the company.

June 11, 1876, met to make arrangements to celebrate the Fourth, but M. Barclay stated that the citizens desired to celebrate the day

480 - HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

in the old fashioned way, and that the company was requested not to turn out as an organization.

July 11, 1876, motion to disband company lost. At the same meeting the following resolutions were passed :

WHEREAS, it appears that it is distasteful, or obnoxious to many of the citizens of Washington, that card playing is permitted in the engine house; and believing as we do, that it is the duty of every good citizen to observe a due and proper respect for the opinions of others ; therefore, be it

Resolved by this company, that no more card playing be allowed in the engine house, nor on the premises thereof.

September 1, 1876, the department in full uniform attended the funeral of Captain Samuel W. Stuckey, late treasurer of the company.

December 4, 1876, it was decided to give a free ball, to which a limited number of tickets were issued to the members of the company and the municipal officers of the city.

January 3, 1877, decided to hold a ball February 22, 1877.

March 5, 1877, treasurer reported 84.30 net receipts from the dance.

June 4, 1877, it was decided to purchase new uniforms, aNd committee appointed to select the same. At same meeting it was agreed to celebrate the Fourth in appropriate manner. Also, official seal was changed from " Reliance Fire Department" to Washington department.

June 18, 1877, Wittrock & Co., of Cincinnati, were awarded the contract of manufacturing five dozen pair of pants, at five dollars per pair, for the members of the department.

July 31, 1877, special meeting held, and arrangements made to attend the funeral of J. W. Cleveland at 3 o'clock P. M., on 1st of August.

\August 1, 1877, resolutions of respect to memory of Cleveland, and condolence to the bereaved relatives were passed.

December 3, 1877, committee appointed to procure one copy daily of the Cincinnati Enquirer, and weekly copies of the Burlington Hawkeyeand Detroit Free Press, to be kept in the engine house for the use of the members of the department.

December 14, 1877, special meeting, to arrange to attend the funeral of brother M. Blackmore. Resolutions of respect, etc., passed. January 6, 1879, a vote of thanks was taken to J. B. Hudson, for

UNION TOWNSHIP - 481

a beautiful clock presented to the company by that gentleman. At same meeting, a literary society was formed within the ranks of fire department.

May 11, 1879, E. B. Updegrove, who had served as chief of the company since its organization, tendered his resignation of that office, which was accepted, and J. B. Colier and Bowman Hess were appointed to fill vacancy.

May 22, 1879, special meeting to make arrangements to attend the funeral of C. C. Larrimer. Resolutions of respect to deceased brother passed.

June 2, 1879, Bowman Hess was elected to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of E. B. Updegrove.

July 5, 1880, Captain E. B. Updegrove, after serving as a member of the department eight years, six years as its chief, tendered his resignation as a member of the company, which was not accepted.

December 6, 1880, it was agreed to hold a fair during the holidays.

March 7, 1881, Captain E. B. Updegrove, on account of impaired health resulting from wounds received in the services of his country in the late war, requested his name dropped from the company, which was finally agreed to.

April 13, 1881, at a special meeting, Mr. Fuller stated that he had raised from the citizens of Washington Court House, the sum of $148.25, to which he added his individual check for $25.00, making in all $173.25, which he presented to the tire company for its excellent services during the recent series of fires. Donation accepted with thanks.

May 1881, it was decided to observe the Fourth in an appropriate manner.

List of officials since organization of the company with date of election :

September 20, 1872, president, F. B. Updegrove ; vice president, F. D. Bradley ; treasurer, A. Hamilton.

September 1, 1873. president, E. B. Updegrove ; vice president, A. Black ; secretary, J. B. Koontz ; treasurer, A. Hamilton.

September 7, 1874, president, E. B. [pdegrove ; vice president, C. A. Palmer ; secretary, George P. Barnes ; treasurer, Frank D. Bradley.

September 6, 1875, president, E. B. Updegrove ; vice president,

484 - HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

Mr. Clark received $7.23 for services as treasurer during the preceding year.

A tax levy of two mills on the dollar, for township and poor purposes, was ordered May 31st. S. Dempsey filed commission as justice of the peace the same day.

June 23d, the trustees apportioned funds for road purposes as follows : For improvement of Wilmington road, $50: Hillsborough, $35; Leesburg, $30; Xenia, $12; and the 18th and 19th days of July following were designated as days to award contracts.

November 28, Wade Loofborrow was allowed $2.50 for legal advice in a putative case of illegitimacy.

December 3d, .Jacob Glaze was appointed school director in district No. 3.

January 17, 1835, George Henkle having removed from the township, Isaac Jenkins was appointed trustee to fill vacancy.

March 2d, on settlement with the treasurer, it was shown that Union Township received from the county treasury $220.31. The balance in the township treasury the same day was $78.48 in cash, and $9.45 in notes; total, $87.93.

April 11, Robert Robinson received $12.50 for legal services. There was a woman in the case, and a distant, relative (as " all the world is kin") of Captain John Smith, of' Pocahontas' time, was an interested party. James Vance, Daniel Bush, and James Shivers, took oath of office as trustees the same day. William hawk qualified as fence viewer and overseer of the poor, Joseph Blackmore as treasurer, and F. M. Penland and Samuel Hamilton as constables.

April 18th, Mathias Van Deman qualified as overseer of the poor, and Thomas Holland was appointed overseer in place of John Woodruff. A tax levy of two mills on the dollar was ordered the same day.

June 2d, Robert Wilson was appointed overseer of' the poor, to fill vacancy.

August 1st, the trustees appointed John McLain township clerk. pro tem., to fill vacancy occasioned by William Hill having been declared incapacitated to discharge the duties of the office.

March 7, 1836, the trustees settled with the township treasurer, and found the cash in his hands to be $183.43; notes $75.88 1/4 ; total, $259.311. Messrs. Bush, Shivers, and Vance were allowed $4.50 each the same day, for services as trustees, and John McLain received $3.50 for services as township clerk.

UNION TOWNSHIP. - 485

April 4th, an appropriation of $50 was made for road-scrapers, for township use. Ten were furnished by Micajah Draper, at five dollars each. James Shivers was allowed seventy-five cents for services in procuring the scrapers.

Samuel Hamilton qualified as township clerk on the 5th of April, J. L. Van Deman took oath as fence viewer on the 9th, and Joseph Blackmore qualified as treasurer.

John Sanders, constable, made return on the 16th, that he had notified the township officers elect to qualify according to law, for which service he was allowed one dollar.

May 7th, James Heaton was allowed fifteen dollars for medical services rendered a family which had become a township charge, and Benjamin Henton received four dollars for like services. The same day, Berry Stewart, a man of color," was allowed one dollar for digging the grave of a township charge.

May 28th, a tax levy of two mills on the dollar was ordered.

July 30th, the township trustees (James Shivers, Isaac Jenkins, and Benjamin Henton) ordered appropriations for road purposes, as follows: To improve Leesburg and Snow Hill road, $40 ; Wilmington, $43.46 1/2 ; Xenia, $15; Devalon, $15; Columbus, $25; Circleville, $50; Greenfield, $30; Hillsborough, $30. Benjamin Holland was appointed constable the same day, to fill vacancy occasioned by the removal of John Sanders.

March 6, 1837, the trustees settled with the township treasurer, when it was shown that after deducting his fees ($21.22) there was a cash balance in his hands of $189.74 1/2 and notes amounting to $92.841; total, $282.59. Daniel Bush was allowed seventy-five cents the same day, for services as trustee in 1835.

April 4th, L. D. Willard qualified as constable, and Orlando Loofborrow as township clerk. The same day Merrit Jamison was allowed $1.50 for services as judge, and A. S. Dickey a like sum, for services as clerk at annual election. A summons was issued to L. D. Willard, constable, the same day, commanding him to summon Arthur McArthur to take oath of office as constable; also, Jared Sexton, Stephen Baxter, and Daniel McLean, to take oath as trustees; Joseph Blackmore, as treasurer; J. Scott, Jacob Jamison, E. Taylor, G. W. Richey, David Morrison, J. Vance, P. Fultz. W. Baker, J. Fisk, Aaron Melvin, and Joseph Gillespie, as road supervisors; S. A. Smyth and J. A. Millikan, as overseers of the poor; N. H. Heaton, James Vance, and John Rankin, as fence viewers;

486 - HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

and Robert Robinson, Wade Loofborrow, and Alfred S. Dickey, as school examiners.

April 12th, L. D. Willard was allowed five dollars for services as constable, in notifying those elected to office April 3d to qualify. A certification records S. F. Yeoman as mayor of Washington at that time.

Curran Millikan was appointed fence viewer, April 12th, in place of John Rankin, who refused to serve; for which refusal Mr. Rankin was fined two dollars.

On the 3d of May following, Mr. Millikan refusing to serve, he was fined two dollars, and Membrance Blue was appointed to till vacancy. Mr. Blue qualified on the 12th of the same month. In choosing men to discharge the duties of the office of fence viewer, a good deal of humor was indulged in. At times the question of height would determine who should he elected—one being chosen to discharge the duties of the office because tall, another because short in stature; one to look over, the other under the fences. The office, too, was one not much sought, and hence men were frequently chosen through a spirit of vindictiveness.

The bonds of N. F. Jones and Joseph Bell, as justices of the peace, were examined and approved May 27th, and a tax levy of half a mill on the dollar, for township and poor purposes, was ordered the same day.

March 5, 1838, the trustees settled with Joseph Blackmore, treasurer, when it was shown that the total funds which had been received by him since the previous settlement, amounted to $368.80. Deducting disbursements made during the same period ($306.76), the cash balance remaining in his hands was $62.04. He also held notes amounting to $86.59 1/2.

April 3d, James Pursell and Samuel Millikan were each allowed $1.50 for services as clerks at the annual spring election.

April 14th, Joseph Bell, justice of the peace, certified that John C. Eastman took oath as overseer of the poor; also, that Edward Smith, Jacob Jamison, James Allen, and Edward Taylor, took oath as road supervisors.

A tax levy of one mill on the dollar was ordered on the 29th of April.

During the same month Reuben Pursell, Jared Sexton, and Micajah Draper, took oath of office as township trustees, George Easterbrook qualified as township clerk, and John Sanders was commissioned justice of the peace.

UNION TOWNSHIP - 487

October 13th, James Beatty was appointed supervisor of the Circleville and Chillicothe roads, in place of George Rodgers, deceased; and Thomas Holland was appointed overseer of the poor, in place of Dr. Jennings, who had removed.

A special election for justice of the peace was called December 15th, to fill vacancy occasioned by the death of Samuel Loofborrow.

During April, 1839, William Hill qualified as township clerk; James Pursell and Nathan Kimball, as fence viewers; Jacob Jamison, James M. Smith, John Jackson, James Greenlee, Thomas Sexton, Isaac Jenkins, David Webster, John Judy, John Coil, G. W. Richey, Peter Carder, and James Pursell, as road supervisors; Joseph Blackmore, as treasurer; O. Loof borrow and L. D. Willard, as constables ; Robert Wilson and James Grubbs, as overseers of the poor.

May 4th, L. D. Willard, constable, was allowed $1.37 1/2 for advertising spring election, and serving a notice for overseers of the poor. The same day G. W. Easterbrook was allowed $10.31 1/2 for services as township clerk in 1838.

May 30, 1839, the township trustees (Daniel McLean, M. Draper, and Reuben Pursell) ordered a tax levy of four mills on the dollar, for township and poor purposes.

At a meeting held in July, the trustees appointed William Ledwith township clerk, in place of William Hill, who had left the county.

April 10, 1840, J. L. Van Deman was sworn in as township clerk, and on the 13th of the same month Daniel McLean, Reuben Pursell, and James Allen, took oath as trustees. During the same month Clarence Parvin qualified as overseer of the poor; James Pursell and J. B. Webster, as constables; John Irion, as justice of the peace; Joseph Blackmore, as treasurer.

June 1st, the trustees ordered a levy of four mills on the dollar, for township and poor purposes.

July 20th, Clarence Parvin and Richard Evans, as overseers of the poor, through James Pursell, constable, caused notice to be served on various persons (in summons named) to depart the township, so that they might not become " charges" thereon.

In April, 1841, Reuben Pursell, Daniel Bush, and James N. Wilson, qualified as trustees; clerk, James C. Bell; overseers of the poor, J. S. Bereman and Clarence Parvin,

488 - HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

May 23d, a tax levy of four mills on the dollar was ordered. August 28th, William McElwain was appointed overseer of the poor, in place of Clarence Parvin, resigned.

September 11th, Daniel McLean and Joseph Bell were, on petition, "attached to the school district composed of corporation of the town of Washington."

October 30th, William Holt, James N. Wilson, and Joseph Blackmore, were appointed school directors for the corporation.

March 7, 1842, Joel S. Bereman was allowed $5.50 for printing. The same day, Curran Millikan, Lydia Millikan, and Micajah Draper, were attached to the school district composed of the corporation of Washington.

By order of the trustees, through O. Loufborrow, constable, notice was given to the electors of the township, March 11, 1842, that they proceed to elect township officers oil the 4th day of April next ensuing, as follows: Three trustees, two constables, one treasurer, one clerk, two overseers of the poor, three fence viewers, and fifteen road supervisors.

April 2d, it was shown by settlement with Joseph Blackmore, treasurer, that there was no unappropriated money in his hands.

On the 5th of the same month, John L. Van Deman' took oath of office as township clerk, and Jame:, Pursell, Peter Wendel, B': Martin, and N. Bush, were allowed two dollars each for services as judges and clerks at the annual spring election.

Micajah Draper, James N. Wilson, and Daniel Bush, took oath as trustees on the 6th.

J. S. Bereman and William McElwain filed certificates on the 12th as overseers of the poor, and Joseph Blackmore qualified as treasurer the same day.

May 31st, the trustees ordered a tax levy of four mills on the dollar.

December 10th, it is recorded that the trustees, " after examining the books of Union Township, including the entire record of said township, they have authorized the clerk to procure a book for the township, and to examine all the records, and place all matters of business, of different kinds, in separate books." A good idea. The accounts ought to be so kept, in ledger form, as that, at any time, it could readily be seen what the amount paid the several township officers, for services rendered, may be; and so, in like manner, should it be shown what the expenditures for specific purposes have been.

UNION TOWNSHIP - 489

Union Township received from the county treasury, during the year 1880, $12,738.83; from other sources, $100; total receipts, $12,838.83. The expenditures for the year, we suppose, will be about the same.

The trustees now, are Jacob Dahl, Micajah Draper, and William Brannon. W. H. Dial is township clerk.

A few years ago, owing, it is stated, to a weak point in, or construction put upon the law then in force, the raids on the township treasury were frequent, and the township officers enjoyed "a feast of fat things." The township clerk, at the time alluded to, received about seven hundred dollars for a year's services (some place the figures considerably higher), and the fees of the trustees, in like manner, were on a pretty liberal scale, while the physicians who then gave special attention to the poor, in the medical line, reaped a rich harvest. They all manifested a very tender regard for " the dear people." The fees of township trustees and clerks are now limited. They are each allowed $1.50 per day for each day's service rendered; but their total fees during the year, out of the township funds, must not exceed $150 each. Under the law now existing, it is argued that injustice is done officers in townships wherein county seats are situated, as in such localities attention to the discharge of duty requires special and almost daily attendance on the part of the trustees and clerk.

CHURCHES.

METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

The Methodist Episcopal Church at Washington was organized at the solicitation of John Bohran, during the summer of 1817, by John Solomon and Thomas Carr, at the house of Robert Wilson. Through the courtesy of Mr. John Trimble, of Columbus, Ohio, we have been furnished with the following list of ministers that have preached here since the organization of the society :

John Solomon and Thomas Carr, 1818; William P. Finley, 1819; Andrew McLain, 1820; D. D. Davidson, 1821; James Smith, 1822; John Summerville and James Smith, 1823; Benjamin Laurence

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and George Gatch, 1824; Andrew F. Baxter, 1825–6; Z. Westlake, 1827; James T. Donahoe and Jesse Prior, 1830 ; Augustus Eddy and William T. Snow, 1831; William T. Snow and Henry Turner, 1832. Name changed to Washington Circuit in 1832. James Turner and E. M. Dailey, 1833 ; E. T. Webster and Lester James, 1834; E. T. Webster and John Rogers, 1835; C. C. Lyhand and J. A. Brown, 1836; S. Clarke and E. Estell, 1837; Eli Truett and Joseph M. Smith, 1838; James Laws and Henry Wharton, 1839; James Laws and B. A. Cassat, 1840; Joseph A. Reeder and B. A. Cassat, 1841; John Fitch and O. P. Williams, 1842 ; Noah Hough, 1843. N. Hough and Martin Wolf, 1844 ; John W. Keeley and B. N. Spahr, 1845 ; John W. Keeley and V. Beemer, 1846; J. B. Auston and Archibald Flemming, 1847; J. B. Austin, 1848; T. W. Chandler and S. Haines, 1849; Samuel Brown and M. G. Baker, 1850; M. G. Baker, S. Middleton, and J. C. Reed, 1851; Barton Lowe and H. F. Green, 1852; B. Lowe and William Sutton, 1853; Moses T. Bowman and W. Sutton, 1854; I. P. Morris and J. T. P. Williams, 1855–6. It was constituted a station, with one hundred and sixty-seven members, and Thomas H. Phillips was pastor in 1868–9 ; Henry T., Magill, 1860–61; Isaac Cook, 1862–3 ; E. H. Dixon, 1864; E. P. Hall, 1865–6 ; J. B. Brodreck, 1867–8–9; G. F. King, 1870–71; Samuel A. Keene, 1872–3; A. C. Hirst, 1874–5; James H. Gardner, 1877–8–9; W. D. Chemingten, 1880; T. M. Leslie.

The following have been presiding elders: From 1828 to 1831, John Collins; from 1831 to 1833, Augustus Eddy; 1833, John Ferree; 1834, J. B. Finley ; 1836, James Quinn; 1839, M. Mailay ; 1841, Z. Connell; 1843, William Summers; 1847, David Kemper; 1849, Cyrus Brooks; 1851, J. M. Jameson ; 1852, John W. Clarke; 1856, Joseph M. Trimble; 1860, D. D. Mathers; 1861, Z. Connell; 1864, William Porter; 1868, Thomas H. Phillips; 1872, Isaac F. King; 1876, J. S. H. Creighton; 1880, Wellington Harvey.

After the organization of the society, in 1817, services were held part of the time at the old court house, and a part of the time at the residence of some of the congregation till 1828. In that year the brick school on Market Street, now a part of the residence of Richard Millikan was completed, and was occupied by this congregation for church purposes till 1834, when the brick church on the north corner of Main and Market streets was built. This was an immense structure for a village like Washington in those days;

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its dimensions, according to the best authority on the subject, being about the same as those of the present Methodist Church on the corner of Market and North streets. As the walls of this building were considered unsafe, it was never completed on the inside, and on account of its unfinished condition—having nothing but a brick floor, and being without ceiling or plastering—it could be occupied during the summer months only, and in three years was abandoned entirely. From this time till 1845, the society occupied the court house and the Presbyterian Church, when a frame church on Market, between Fayette and North streets, now occupied as a residence by William Weller and E. Saul, was erected and occupied till 1866, when the present church was completed at a cost including interest, of about fourteen thousand dollars. In 1870, this building was repainted and frescoed at a considerable expense, and the house which is about 50x80, is perhaps the most valuable church property in Washington.

MOUNT OLIVE METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH.

The organization of this society was effected, in 1829, by the Rev. Father Dobbins of Jamestown, Greene County, Ohio, and at first consisted of the following members :

Henry Burnett and wife, Thomas Burnett and wife, Peter Fultz and wife, John Coile and wife, and George Hinkle and wife.

For fourteen years services were held in the winter season at the different dwellings of the members, and in summer, in barns and in the groves—" God's first Temples "—Father Dobbins removing from Jamestown at stated periods to minister to his small congregation. In 1831, he removed to the banks of Sugar Creek, four miles west of Washington, and settled in the midst of his small flock, in whose interest he labored assiduously till his death, which occurred January 13, 1860, at the advanced age of ninety-two years, eight months and twenty-three days. He was a man of superior talents, oratory and energy, and represented Greene and Fayette counties each two terms in the Ohio Legislature. His life has been written by the Rev. Charles Caddy.

In 1843, this little congregation, with the help of some outsiders, erected a large hewed log church, on the banks of Sugar Creek, on land owned by Daniel Bush, which was dedicated as a Methodist Protestant Church, but which was named " Union Church," as it

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was understood that when not occupied by the Methodist Protestant Church, it was to be free to any and all other denominations. Though the membership increased slowly, yet the pioneer Christian did not falter in his duty, and their hopes that the future would bring a glorious reward to their labors were fully realized in 1848, when a glorious revival occurred, which gathered into the church many of the young married people of the neighborhood, and also several of the older people. That revival is still remembered with gratitude by the few surviving members, as one of the most happy Christian experiences of their lives. Though at this time Father Dobbins was eighty years of age, yet his mind was as active and powerful as ever, and he labored day and night at this meeting.

About the year 1856, it was thought best for the convenience of some of the members to divide the class, which was accordingly done, and the branch organization held services in what was called the Coile school house, two miles north of the present church, till 1863, when the society erected an elegant frame church on the farm of Isaac Coile, near the Coile Cemetery on the Plymouth pike, and named it "Sugar Creek Chapel," from the name of the creek on whose banks it stands.

The members remaining in the class at Mount Olive, considering the old church too much dilapidated for further use, in 1863 selected a site on the farm of Samuel Coile, on the Wilmington pike, three miles west of Washington, on which, in 1864, they built a commodious frame church at a cost of seventeen hundred dollars, the plans and specifications, of which, were similar to those of the Sugar Creek Church. These two classes have made rapid growth, and are supporting good Sunday-schools.

Harmony Church on the Plymouth pike, six miles northwest of Washington, a full account of which appears in the history of Jasper Township, is an outgrowth of the Mount Olive Church. The seed sown by the Rev. Father Dobbins so many years ago fell on good ground, and the three above named churches are the fruit thereof. These churches are embraced in the Washington Circuit of the Methodist Protestant Church.

The following is a list of the ministers who have preached at one or all of these churches :

Revs. Father Dobbins, A. McGuire, Joel Dolbey, sen., Jonathan Flood, sen., A. H. Bassett, C. Caddy, S. Evans, _____Pealon,______Stubbs,_____Trumbo,______Riely, T, P. Rowe, __________Warrington,

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J. Litter, P. F. Johnson, R. K. Davis, C. S. Evans, R. M. Dolbey, Joel H. Dolbey, and Jason F. Hinkle.

The following named gentlemen have served as superintendents of the Sabbath-school since its organization, in 1849: At Union Church, Noah Hinkle four years, Amizi Hyer five years, Enoch Bush two years, John Fultz two years, Jesse Hyre fourteen years, Moses Carl one year, Daniel B. Tupes one year, J. F. Henkle one year, and N. S. Henkle two years.

METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, COLORED.

The African Methodist Episcopal Church was organized at Dennis Brown's house, in July, 1867, by Rev. Mr. Arnett, of Circleville, and services were held at the house of several members of the congregation for more than a year. Hamilton was rented and occupied for some time, after which the congregation rented the old Methodist Episcopal Church, where services were held about one year. In 1875, a committee, consisting of David Rodgers and Mills Gardner, were appointed to negotiate the purchase of the old Catholic church, on Main Street, for this congregation. This they accomplished, paying two thousand dollars for the property. Mr. Rodgers donated one thousand dollars to the society, toward the purchase.

Mr. Arnett preached only four times. William Hogan was appointed, and remained with the charge until his death, which took place at Wilmington about a year afterward ; Perry Ross filled his unexpired time. Wadkins Lee was then appointed, and remained two years. He was succeeded by Father William Morgan, and since Morgan, the following ministers have served in the order of their appointment : Edward Wright two years, Mr. Toney two years, Elder Green two years. Rev. Charles Bundy was appointed in August, 1877, and still remains.

CATHOLIC CHURCH.

Catholic worship in Washington Court House was begun, and for sometime maintained, under very trying circumstances. Rev. Father Blake first celebrated mass in 1852, in a shanty occupied by Michael Flynn, while engaged in constructing the C. & M. V. R. R. The attendants were principally railroad men, most of

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whom left when the road was completed. The following, however, remained, and became the pillars of the present flourishing society : John Coghland, and his brother Thomas, Michael O'Garrath, Martin Brannan, John Saunders, Patrick Burke and mother, Mr.Grady, and Michael Flynn. Of these all are living except Brannan, and all are citizens of this county, except O'Garrath and Brady, who moved to Lancaster in about 1859. Father Blake continued to preach occasionally, until the road was finished, after which Father Duffey, who was stationed at Circleville, came once a month, bringing with him a choir from that place. He first celebrated mass at Flynn's house, but shortly after, Ely's Hall, then just completed, was engaged, and Father Duffey continued to come till his death, which occurred at Circleville about one year after his first services at Washington.

After Father Duffey's death, Father Reagan, stationed at Lancaster, came occasionally during one summer, and ministered to the small flock. After him, Father Everett, of Lancaster, paid it one visit ; and he was followed by Father Fitzgerald, of Columbus, who celebrated mass once. Father Pindar, who was stationed at Circleville, then came once a month for about a year, and mass was celebrated at Ely's Hall, but confessional was held at John Sanders' house.

Near the close of Father Pindar's services, the Catholic church on Main Street, now owned and occupied by the colored Methodist Church, was completed, and was dedicated by the Rev. Archbishop Purcell, of Cincinnati, who in his remarks on the occasion explained the origin and mission of the Catholic Church.

Father Pindar and Father J. B. O'Donohue were present at the dedication. Pindar remained with this charge about one year, when he apostatized, married, and became an Episcopal minister. Archbishop Purcell appointed Father J. B. O'Donohue, stationed at Morrow, to take charge of the congregation.

About six months after Father O'Donohue's appointment, he proposed to the congregation the erection of a more commodious. place of worship, in a part of town more suitable for a cemetery.

Accordingly, the church property on Main Street was sold to the colored Methodist Episcopal congregation, for the sum of two thousand dollars, and three acres of land were purchased of Judge D. McLain, at one hundred dollars per acre, east of town, near the C. & M. V. R. R., just outside of the present corporation limits, on

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which a substantial two story brick church, 40x62 feet, was erected.

In the fall of 1879, Father Felton, by nativity a German, succeeded Father O'Donohue. During his pastorate a fair was held, which was attended largely by Protestants, and $1,700 were cleared to the congregation, which was to be appropriated toward purchasing a residence for the priest. In August, 1880, Father Felton was transferred, and Father Michael O'Donohue was sent from Hillsboro, Ohio, to supply his place, and still remains. At present the church is in a flourishing condition, with a membership of two hundred and upwards.

FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH.

The Baptist Church is often defined to be an evangelical denomination of Christians, which differs from others in certain principles connected with baptism as the initiatory ordinance of Christianity. This difference is commonly understood as limited to the proper age, and mode of its administration, and those who believe in adult baptism by immersion.

But this definition is inaccurate and incomplete. Inaccurate, for in the view of Baptists age is nothing, but spiritual qualification is everything; hence they baptize all who repent and believe the gospel, whether in childhood, youth, or manhood, and very frequently whole households at once, as did the apostles.

The definition is incomplete, for many who are not baptized believe that the immersion of adults was the primitive baptism of the New Testament. The fact is generally admitted in works of scientific authority, both historical and archaeological.

Baptists, then, properly defined, are those who hold that the baptism of Christian believers is of universal obligation, and practice accordingly. And they hold this because they acknowledge no master but Christ; no rule of faith but his word; no baptism but that which is preceded and hallowed by personal piety; no church but that which is the body of Christ, pervaded, governed, and animated by his spirit. Whatever diversities of opinion and usage are found among them, these are their common and characteristic principles; by these they are known and distinguished in every country, and in every age.

On like grounds, also, the Baptists reject (though with less concern) the substitution of sprinkling for the entire immersion of the

496 - HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

body, which, they maintain, was originally practiced in the administration of baptism, and, except in cases of the sick, universally observed throughout Christendom for thirteen hundred years.

For the universal obligation of immersion as identical with baptism itself, and essential to its specific spiritual purposes, they urge the admitted signification of the word baptizo, the places where the rite was originally performed, and the phraseology employed in describing it, the undeniable example of Christ himself, and the metaphorical allusions of the sacred writers when explaining the spiritual import of the rite, all of which, they say, confirm the meaning to be immersion, and necessarily exclude every other.

On the subject of church communion, the Baptists generally agree with other denominations that it is not proper before baptism. As they find no exception to this rule in the New Testament, they do not feel authorized to invite those who are not, in their view, duly baptized, to unite with them at the Lord's table, however highly they esteem them. They profess, in this limitation of church communion, that they do not judge the consciences of others, but seek to preserve their own. Yet, while holding these views, they claim to feel a cordial sympathy with other evangelical denominations, and rejoice to co-operate with them, as far as possible, in the work of Christ.

The government of the Baptist Church is congregational. Each body being immediately dependent on Christ, is therefore independent of all others, and is complete in itself for the management of its internal affairs, such as the choice of its officers, declaration of faith, acceptation, dismission, or discipline of members. As such church is a little spiritual republic, so every member is entitled to a vote, and is trained to all the duties of an active citizen. The voice of the majority governs.

They recognize no higher church officers than pastor and deacons. Elders as evangelists and missionaries are also ordained, after due trial, and sent out to preach the gospel.

Councils are usually called by the churches, to advise, and assist in the ordination of ministers, the formation of churches, and the settlement of serious difficulties, though they have neither judicial nor appellate powers. Whatever be their differences in other things, Baptists all agree in maintaining the congregational form of church government.

"The ministry of the Baptists," says Dr. Baird, "comprehends a

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body of men who, in point of talent, learning, and eloquence, as well as devoted piety, have no superiors in the country." The Baptists have never made classical scholarship a prerequisite to the ministry of the gospel, lest they should seem to be wiser than God; but it is a mistake to suppose they have ever despised education or knowledge, except when substituted for holier gifts. As early as 1764, when numbering sixty churches and about five thousand members, they founded their first college in Rhode Island Long before they had fostered Harvard, and helped Franklin to lay the foundations of the University of Pennsylvania. They now have about forty colleges and universities of their own, over one hundred academies and female seminaries of a high grade, and about fifteen theological schools. They have publication societies at Philadelphia, Charleston, and Nashville, besides many flourishing private publishing houses in our larger cities.

Their missions are planted in Canada, Oregon, California, New Mexico, Hayti; in France, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Norway; in western and central Africa; in southern India, Assam, Burmah, Siam, and China.

The Baptists claim their origin from the ministry of Christ and his apostles. They claim, also, that all the Christian churches of the first two centuries after Christ were founded and built up on the principles they profess; in proof of which they appeal to the high critical authorities in church history—Mosheim, Neander, Hagenback, Jacobi, and Bunson. They furthermore claim to be able to trace their history in a succession of churches essentially Baptist, though under various names, from the third century down to the Reformation. These churches, from the fifth century onward, were the subjects of systematic persecution from the state churches, both in the east and in the west. Cyril, of Alexandria, and Innocent I, of Rome, according to the historian Socrates, began this persecution by depriving them of their houses of worship, and driving them into secret places, under the laws of Honorius and Theodosius II, which forbid repaptism (so called) under penalty of death. Yet their principles reappear among the Culdus of the west, and the Panlians of the east ; the Vallesii and the Paterines, the Albigenses and Waldenses, and emerge on all sides at the first dawn of the Reformation. In the opinion of Sir Isaac Newton, as reported by Whiston, "the Baptists are the only body of Christians that has not symbolized with the Church of Rome."

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Of the German Baptists, Mr. Bancroft has summed up the matter in a few pregnant words:

"With greater consistency than Luther, they applied the doctrine of the Reformation to the social positions of life, and threatened an end to priestcraft, spiritual domination, titles, and vassalage. They were trodden down with foul reproaches and most arrogant scorn, and their history is written in the blood of thousands of German peasantry. But their principles, secure in their immortality, escaped with Roger Williams to Providence, and his colony is witness that naturally the paths of the Baptists are paths of freedom, pleasantness, and peace."

In England, from the time of Henry VIII to William III, a full century and a half, the Baptists struggled to gain their footing, and to secure not only toleration for themselves, but for all, on the broad basis of liberty of conscience.

From 1611 (as appears from the documents recently published by the Hanserd Knolly's Society), they issued appeal after appeal, addressed to the king, the parliament, and the people, in behalf of their soul liberty, written with a breadth of view and force of argument hardly since exceeded.

Mr. Locke has truly said: "The Baptists were from the beginning the friends of liberty, just and true liberty, equal and impartial liberty." Yet, until the Quakers arose, in 1660, the Baptists stood alone in its defense amid universal opposition. In the time of Cromwell they first gained a fair hearing, and under the lead of Milton and Vane, would have changed the whole system of the church and the state but for the treason of Monk.

In the time of Charles II, the prisons were filled with their confessors and martyrs. Yet their principles gradually gained ground in the public mind, and hastened the revolution of 1688. "The share which the Baptists took," says Dr. Williams, "in showing up the falling liberties of England, and infusing new vigor and liberality into the constitution of that country, is not generally known. Yet to this body English liberty owes a debt it can never acknowledge. Among the Baptists, Christian freedom found its earliest, its staunchest, its most consistent, and its most disinterested champions."

Nor less powerful has been the influence of the Baptists in the United States. Introduced into Rhode Island with Roger Williams and John Clark, in 1638, their history for more than a century, in

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most of the colonies, is that of proscribed and banished men. Yet; persecuted themselves, it was their glory to have never persecuted others. "In the code of laws established by them in Rhode Island," says Judge Story, "we read for the first time since Christianity ascended the throne of the Caesars, the declaration that conscience should be free, and should not be punished for worshiping God in the way they were persuaded he requires." From that declaration Rhode Island has never departed, and in it she was followed first by Pennsylvania and New Jersey, afterward by Virginia, and since by all the United States. The article on religious liberty in the amendments to the American constitution, was introduced into it by the united efforts of the Baptists, in 1789. (See Howell's Address before the American Baptist Historical Society, 1856.)

The First Baptist Church of Washington was formed by eleven persons, namely : John Franks, William Harper, Z. W. Baughn, Samuel F. Yeoman, Asenath Yeoman, Bethiah L. Yeoman, N. K. Dickerson, Mary Franks, Rebecca Baughn, Rebecca Blue, and Mary Curry. These were the constituted members of the church.

For many years Asenath Yeoman was the only Baptist in Washington ; but in all these days she was thoroughly grounded in the belief that a brighter day would dawn upon her vision.

The church was organized in due form on the 21st day of February, A. D. 1840.

Revs. Azel Waters and Albert Wedge, ministers, consecrated to the cause of the Master, acted as moderator and clerk. The session was held in the Presbyterian Church.

On the 24th day of December, of the same year, Rev. A. D. Freman, who was of a well known Baptist family for centuries back, was called to the pastorate.

The first protracted meeting held after the organization of the church commenced on Wednesday, January 27, 1841, in the Presbyterian House.

Rev. A. D. Freman assisted by Revs. W. D. Woodruff, and I. K. Bronson, preached the gospel earnestly and efficiently. Many inquired the way of life.

On the 30th day of the same month, Frank Closa, George Heagler and wife, were received members by letters from sister churches.

On Wednesday, the 3d day of February, of the same year, Dr. Jeptha Davis, Lydia Davis, and Josiah Healer were baptized.

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In the year 1842, Elder W. D. Woodruff came to visit the church, and held an interesting meeting of days.

On the 24th day of August, 1844, the church through her deligates, Pastor Thomas, Goodwin, E. F. Yeoman, Dr. J. Davis and J. W. Poff; with letters from the church, applied for admission into the Straight Creek Association, held at Winchester, Adams County, Ohio, and duly admitted a member of that body on date above named.

During this year, two or three members of the church were carried away by Mormonism. These are the first expulsions noted in the records of the church. After more calm deliberations they were convinced that it was a delusion. Some of them returned.

During this year, Rev. Thomas Goodwin was called to the pastorate of the church.

In 1847, Rev. W. D. Woodruff came to Washington to live, and was called to the pastorate in place of Elder Goodwin, resigned. Being without a house to worship in, the meetings were held in the court house.

In the year 1849, the church deeming the Caesar's Creek Association (now Clinton) more conveniently situated, took a transfer from Straight Creek Association and united with the former body.

In many of its deliberations, among other matters of business, a meeting house to worship in was presented.

In 1854, Deacon Claypool offered to sell a lot, on which to build, for the sum of three hundred dollars, donating fifty dollars of the amounts; S. F. Yeoman, Hugh Campbell, James Zumalt, A. M. Ogle and Dr. Allen, each gave fifty dollars and paid for the lot.

In 1856, Rev. J. W. Heistand was called to the pastorate of the church in place of Elder Woodruff, resigned.

On the 8th day of March, 1859, J. B. Tuttil, a young man of rare ability, was chosen to labor as supply for six months.

On May 18, 1861, the church called a council of messengers from several churches of the association to ordain Brother J. B. Tuttil to the ministry. Elder James Sargeant was chosen moderator, O. A. Allen clerk. After a satisfactory examination, the council set him apart to the ministry.

On December, 1862, Rev. C. T. Emerson was called to the pastorate. His energy was directed principally towards raising means to build a church.

In 1868, Rev. J. R. Powell was called to the pastorate, and he

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was installed on July 19, 1868, in our new house of worship erected at a cost of eight thousand dollars. Ministers present, Pastor Rev. B. Bedell, Chambers, and J. W. Heistand, a former pastor.

The first summary of membership recorded in the minutes, is given in the meeting of February 4, 1870.

A committee had been previously appointed to revise the records; and ascertain the numerical strength of the church, which revision showed that there were seventy-seven members in good standing. The church having in thirty years increased from the original number, eleven, to seventy-seven.

In December, 1870, Rev. Winham Kidder was called to the pastorate of the church, and having served three years was called to the church above. His loss was a severe affliction to the cause.

In 1873, Rev. Armstrong was called to the pastorate.

The church took an active part in the temperance crusade during his stay with us.

In 1874, Rev. W. W. Sawyer was called to the pastorate. He was the most scholarly minister of the place.

In February 1879, Rev. S. T. Griswold was called to the pastorate, the ablest of all.

In 1880, Rev. C. A. McManis was called for six months to supply the pulpit of the church.

The report to the association this year (1881) shows a membership of ninety-one.

Thus we note that the church has been in existence almost forty-two years, and that it has ordained one minister ; that it has admitted by baptism about one hundred and thirty persons ; that it began with eleven members, and has now ninety-one ; that it has had but twelve pastors.

Church Covenant.—Having been led, as we believe, by the Spirit of God, to receive the Lord Jesus Christ as our Savior ; and on the profession of our faith, having been baptized in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, we do now in presence of God, Angels, and this assembly, most solemnly and joyfully enter into covenant with one another as one body in Christ.

We engage therefore, by the aid of the Holy Spirit to walk together in Christian love, to strive for the advancement of this church in knowledge, holiness and comfort ; to promote its prosperity and spirituality ; to sustain its worship, ordinances, discipline

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and doctrines ; to contribute cheerfully and regularly to the support of the ministry; the expenses of the church ; the relief of the poor, and the spread of the gospel through all nations.

We also engage to maintain family and secret devotion ; to religiously educate our children ; to seek the salvation of our kindred and acquaintances; to walk circumspectly in the world; to be just in our dealings, faithful in our engagements, and exemplary in our deportment; to avoid all tattling and back-biting, and excessive anger; to abstain from the sale and use of' intoxicating drinks as a beverage, and to be zealous in our efforts to advance the Kingdom of our Savior.

We further engage to watch over one another in brotherly love ; to remember in prayer, to aid each other in sickness and distress ; to cultivate Christian sympathy in feeling and courtesy in speech ; to be slow to take offense, but always ready to reconciliation, and mindful of the rules of our Savior ; to rescue without delay.

We morever engage when we move from this place, we will as soon as possible unite with some other church, where we can carry out the spirit of this covenant and the principles of God's word.

The above history of the Baptist Church was kindly furnished by Dr. Allen, of Washington Court House.

SECOND BAPTIST CHURCH, COLORED.

The Second Baptist Church of Washington C. H. was organized June 12, 1855, by Elder George W. Bryant, with three members: Jordan Kelly, James L. Thornton, and Boswell Kelly. Jacob Emmons, a licensed preacher, was called as a supply, and preached for them until the year 1858, when Elder A. Carter was called to the pastorate. In the latter part of 1858 he departed this life in full triumph of the faith. He was succeeded by Elder R. Allen, who continued in charge of the church till 1860, when he was succeeded by Elder A. Pratt, who continued pastor till 1866. He was succeeded by Elder H. Cox.

Up to the year 1867 there had been no special revival of religion, but the church had gradually grown from three members to thirty. In the winter of 1867, under the administration of Elder Cox, an interesting revival took place, and thirty persons were added to the church. Elder Cox remained pastor till 1872, when he was succeeded by Elder John Powell, who remained pastor till some

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time in the year 1873. Elder Powell was succeeded by W. A. Meridith, a licensed preacher, who was ordained in 1875, and remained pastor till about the year 1877. During his pastorate a very interesting revival was held, which resulted in the addition of twenty-seven members to the church. Elder Meridith was succeeded by Elder Benjamin Smith, who took charge of the church in 1878, and remained pastor till June, 1879, when he was succeeded by Elder E. M. Marion, in September, who is the present incumbent. On the first of January, 1880, a revival of religion was begun, and resulted in fifty additions to the church ; making in all about one hundred and sixty members who have been received into the fellowship of the church. The present membership is about one hundred and ten.

In the year 1857, the church purchased a lot on North Street, opposite the Central School building, and built a frame house, in which they held services till about the year 1868, when the old house was torn down, and a brick building erected, costing about two thousand five hundred dollars.

For Church Covenant, see First Baptist Church.

There has been a Sabbath-school connected with the church since the year 1858.

THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

The Presbyterian Church of Washington Court House was organized October 10, 1813, three years after the county was organized. There were thirteen members, and James Clark, William Blair, Samuel Waddle, Anuences Allen, and Col. James Stewart, were chosen elders.

The Rev. Mr. Baldridge had charge of the church for a time. After him the pulpit was supplied by several different ministers, till Rev. William Dickey came to be pastor in 1817. The church had no house of worship, and meetings could not be held very regularly.

In 1817 part of the church was set off to form a separate congregation at Bloomingburg, and Thomas McGarraugh and Henry Snyder were chosen elders. Mr. Dickey supplied the church at Washington, and also the one at Bloomingburg, which was now the larger. Shortly after he seems to have given all his attention to Bloomingburg, and there are no records of the Presbyterian Church of Washington for fifteen years.

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In 1834, the church took a new start. Nine of the old members were still on the ground, and seventeen were received. James Pollock, John Wilson, Isaac Templeton, and Joseph McLean, were chosen elders, and S. F. Kerr was made clerk of the session.

About 1835, Rev. John C. Eastman took charge of the church, and the church seemed to progress nicely. They undertook, for the first time, to build a house of worship, and soon it was constructed and dedicated.

In 1840 Mr. Eastman left the church, after six years of faithful and successful labor. The next eight years passed with very irregular ministrations. Rev. James Dunlap, and Rev. J. A. I. Lowes, preached for a. time.

In the winter of 1847-8, the church was incorporated. About this time J. G. Hopkins came, as a licentiate, to supply its pulpit. James N. Wilson and Eliphas Taylor were chosen and ordained elders. Mr. Hopkins, some time after, was chosen pastor and ordained. A division in the church grew out of this. Robert Robinson and Joseph McLean, two of the elders, and others, left the church; among them Col. S. F. Kerr. This was a great loss to the feeble church. Mr. Hopkins soon left, and in the spring of 1851 Rev. S. J. Miller, was called to the pastorate, after which church affairs ran along more smoothly. A new church edifice was built about 1856. Rev. Miller continued pastor for fifteen years, leaving the church in 1866 with seventy-five members.

In January, 1867, the Rev. George Carpenter was called to the pastorate, and is still at his post, in the fifteenth year of his labors.

The church has had some very precious seasons of revival, and has a membership of two hundred. The house of worship has lately been enlarged, improved, and greatly beautified, and has a competent corps of elders and deacons, and a good Sabbath-school. During the pastorate of Rev. Miller, James Allen, Henry D. Ritter, and Joseph Bryan, (perhaps others,) were made elders. During the last pastorate, in 1867, I. C. Van Deman, William Robinson, Joseph Parrett, and William H. Devalon, were made elders. In 1871 J. P. Robinson, and P. E. Moorehouse, and in 1879 Dr. S. S. Salisbury and W. A. Ustick, were made elders. Some have gone to their reward, and some have moved away. The present session are: William Robinson, I. C. Van Deman, J. P. Robinson, Dr. S. S. Salisbury, W. A. Ustick, and Rev. George Carpenter, pastor.

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THE PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

The history of Trinity Episcopal Church is necessarily short, for the simple reason that at this date (August, 1881) it is, as a church, less than two years old. .

On Thursday evening, December 4, 1879, a meeting, presided over by the Rev. J. H. Logie, rector of St. Philip's Church, Circleville, was held at the residence of Mr. J. M. Love. At that meeting all the persons in Washington Court House who were interested in the Episcopal Church were present. An organization was effected by the election of an executive committee, composed of the following gentlemen: J. M. Love, Edwin Bird, R. M. Campion, J. S. Gold, Clarence Snyder, Edwin Proctor, and Charles A. Palmer. These gentlemen were invested with authority to act in the capacity of a vestry; Messrs. Love and Bird to act as wardens.

Previous to this date (December 4, 1879), occasional services had been held by the Rev. Mr. Logie, of Circleville, and the Rev. Mr. Fischer, of Chillicothe, but at this meeting arrangements were made for regular services, and the first of such services was held on Thursday evening, December 11, 1879.

At this service further arrangements were made by which the Rev. Mr. Logie was to take pastoral oversight of the work, and, with the assistance of the neighboring clergy, hold services on alternate Sundays in the Baptist Church.

The first Sunday service was held December 28, 1879. In the afternoon the Sunday-school was organized. At first the school met at the residence of Mr. Love; but its growth was so rapid that it became necessary, in the course of three weeks, to take it to the church.

For several months the services were held in the Baptist house of worship, but were removed to the city hall, and subsequently to the court house, where the members are still worshiping God in accordance with the faith and practice of the Apostolic Church.

On the 16th of May, 1880, the mission was placed in the hands of the Rev. Norman H. Badger, who thus became the first rector of Trinity Church.' His tenure of office was, however, very short, he being called to a parish in northern Ohio in January, 1881.

For three months the mission was without a pastor. The Sunday-school was, however, carried on by the ladies of the congrega

506 - HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

tion, of whom mention may be made of Miss Nannie Love, Miss Julia Campbell, Mrs. J. C. Von Buhlow, Mrs. Campion, and Miss Tinnie Cleaveland.

In March, 1881, arrangements were made by which the Rev. George Rogers, a graduate of Bealey Hall Theological Seminary, Gambier, Ohio, and a presbyter of the Diocese of Kentucky, took charge of the mission, and is still pastor of the church.

The growth of the Episcopal Church in the county seat-has been rapid and solid. The dignity and beauty of its service; its broad, catholic spirit; its adaptability to old and young, rich and poor; its freedom from partizanship—all commend it to the thinking men and women of the community.

So far from being a new church, it is the oldest of all the religious bodies. It was first organized in the United States in 1784, obtaining its orders from the Mother Church of England. The student of history will not need to be told that there was an English Episcopal Church long before the Reformation in the sixteenth century, and that what was done at the time of the Reformation was not the making up of a new church, but the cleansing of the old from Romish errors. There was an English Episcopal Church, with bishops, presbyters, and deacons, at the time of the Council of Arles, A. D. 314, and through this church the Protestant Episcopal Church of America traces her lineage back to the days of the apostles. She is the daughter of the Church of England in precisely the same sense in which America is the child of Great Britain. We as Americans are not ashamed to call England the mother country.

The government of the church is both lay and clerical, the secular part of the administration being confided to the care of the vestry, composed of the minister and several laymen, in the case of the parish; and in the case of the diocese, to an annual convention, composed of both clergy and laity, with the bishop as presiding officer. The spiritual government is, of course, committed to the bishop and clergy.

The doctrines of the church are summed up in the Apostles' Creed. She believes in God, in Jesus Christ, in the Holy Ghost, the Holy Catholic (or universal) Church, the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting, and does not demand that her children shall believe any more. She does not lay upon men a "yoke which neither we

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nor our fathers were able to bear;" but simply asks of them a profession of belief in this creed, and a sincere and honest desire to live a godly life. Being baptized and confirmed in this faith, she helps men to live an earnest Christian life. The non-essentials of religion are left between every man and his Maker. With malice toward none, and charity toward all, she believes it to be especially her mission to preach primitive Christianity, to help the distressed, to comfort the sorrowful, and to lead erring men back into the path that leads to God.

Such is the history, and such are the objects of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Washington Court House.

THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH.

This church is the creature of the fifth missionary district of the Ohio Missionary Society. It is a mission of the district board. They instructed J. C. Irvin, who is still in charge of the mission, to go to Washington and make a reconnaissance. He visited all the members in the city, and established preaching temporarily in the Baptist Church. This was continued for five mouths.

In December, 1874, Rev. W. W. Sawyer and Mr Irvin, joined in a union service of Baptists and Disciples, which meeting lasted one week ; all intercommunion service was held and friendly relations cultivated. This year several sermons were preached in the city hall.

During the next winter, Elder Robert Moffett, state evangelist, of Cleveland, Ohio, held a meeting of three weeks, in the Baptist house of worship, which was well attended. The interest, good from the beginning, increased to the close. At this meeting, two young ladies were added to the church.

The board, encouraged by this meeting, determined to make the mission permanent. J. C. Irvin was continued in the management. His health failing however, he was not able to preach, and was compelled to abandon active work ; yet he never abandoned the idea of ultimate success. During the year 1878, he held Bible services and social meetings in the temperance hall. These meetings began as early as November, 1877, and have been held regularly ever since.

Organization.—The organization dates from April 6, 1879. There were but six members present, whose names were J. C. Irvin, Mrs. J. C. Irvin, Miss Jennie Davis, Mrs. Maggie C. Hess, Mrs. Julia Benjamin, and S. Eldan Irvin.

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These solemnly covenanted with each other, and with the Great Head of the church, to live as be cometh saints, and to keep the ordinances of the Lord's house. This little band has met regularly, and their members have gradually increased.

Benjamin Rankin and family have permanently settled in the neighborhood, and others having moved into the city, so that the number has increased to about twenty.

In November, 1880, a Sunday-school was organized in the city hall, and the meetings removed to that place. The school has succeeded well and is in a flourishing condition at present. The attendance is about sixty-five.

The church since its organization has had a slow but steady growth. Since which Elder A. A. Knight of Wilmington, J. S. Hughes of Dayton, and Dr. Oliver Hixon of Iowa, have preached for the organization.

The weekly meetings are conducted by J. C. Irvin, assisted by Benjamin Rankin.

Since the election of General James A. Garfield to the presidency of the United States, public attention has been called to this denomination of Christians so prominently, that we feel justified in giving a somewhat extended view of their faith and practice. This will be the purpose of the brief sketch which follows :

It is proper to state that this denomination of Christians prefer the simple term Christian Church, but do not wish to assume a designation that might seem to deny the appellation to others. They are willing to be known as Disciples, or to be distinguished by any term that is applied to the Church of Christ in the New Testament. Their aim is to bring Christianity back to what it was in the beginning. They reject all symbols of faith except the Bible, desiring to restore the primitive simplicity of the Gospel, as preached under the supervision of the heaven inspired apostles of Jesus Christ.

Previous to the inauguration of this movement, the condition of religion in this country was truly to be deplored. The religious parties of those times were extremely selfish, and were the bitter antagonists of each other. The spirit of rivalry and of sect had largely supplanted the Spirit of Christ. Ignorance and superstition were more prized than an intelligent knowledge of the word of God. Human creeds were the standards of faith and practice ; while the Divine creed was regarded as a dead letter. The result

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was that the very life of religion became subject to a selfish despotism which was cruel and unrelenting.

The careful and impartial reader of the history of these times must see that a reformation was greatly needed. The success of Christianity in the world depended upon a movement that would break down this ecclesiasticism, and bring the people back again to the true knowledge of Christ. Early in the present century an attempt at this was made. But before entering upon a notice of this movement, it is proper to call attention to what had previously been accomplished.

Luther's was a noble work, but it was principally confined to one thing, namely : the restoration of the freedom of thought, freedom of speech, and the right of individual interpretation. This was his distinctive work. It broke the fetters of the papacy which bound the human soul, and gave liberty once more to the individual conscience.

Calvin restored to the church the idea of God's sovereignty. This had been partially obscured by the works of supererogation which Catholicism enjoined upon its subjects; and it was necessary to any satisfactory progress in the restoration of primitive Christianity, that the Great Father should be properly recognized as the author of " every good and perfect gift." Extremes beget extremes, is the universal testimony of history. Hence, under the influence of Calvin's teachings, it was not long before the religious consciousness swung round to the extreme of a cold, lifeless formalism, which entirely ignored the human side in the plan of salvation, and left every thing to the unalterable fate of what were called the Divine decrees.

Wesley restored to the church the idea of human responsibility. He taught that there was something for man himself to do in order to salvation. Hence his teaching infused new life into the religious convictions of the people, and give a new energy to the work of converting the world.

To sum up the work of these reformations, it is sufficient to say, that Luther restored conscience to its proper place ; Calvin restored the Divine sovereignty, and Wesley human responsibility, as part of the remedial system.

Two things yet remained to be done : the word of God must be restored to its proper authority, and such an adjustment made of the elements eliminated by the reformations just referred to as

510 - HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY.

would secure a rapid and harmonious development of the religion of Christ in the world. This of course would involve a complete restoration of the primitive order of things, and this was the work proposed by the reformation of the nineteenth century. A few words concerning the origin and character of this movement are necessary at this point.

In the year 1807, Thomas Campbell, a Presbyterian minister, of the north of Ireland, arrived in the United States. He soon conceived a plan of Christian union upon the basis of the Bible alone. In the advocacy of this plan, he published the celebrated " Declaration and address," and a " Prospectus of a religious reformation." The burden of these papers was the inefficiency of denominational organizations, and the necessity of a return to apostolic teaching and practice, before the world could be converted to Christ; discarding all human creeds and confessions of faith.

A society was formed in Washington, Pennsylvania, for the purpose of propagating these sentiments. Soon after two churches were organized, and these agreed in the purpose of absolute and entire rejection of human authority in matters of religion, and the determination to stand by each other upon the proposition that the Holy Scriptures are all sufficient, and alone sufficient as the subject matter of faith and rule of conduct, and that therefore, they would require nothing as a matter of faith or rule of conduct, for which they could not give a " thus with the Lord," either in express terms or by approved precedent. This was the beginning of the great reformatory movement known as the great reformation of the nineteenth century. Since this early beginning it has spread into all the states and territories of the federal union, where the number of communicants is now six hundred thousand. They are also numerous in Canada, Jamaica, the British Isles, Australia, and a few are to be found in France, Norway and Turkey.,

They also control a large number of fine colleges and schools. Among these may be named Bethany College, founded by Alexander Campbell, in West Virginia; Butler University, Indiana; Kentucky University; Hiram College, Ohio; Oskaloosa College, Iowa; with others too tedious to mention.

They also have their share of men in public places in the government, both state and federal. The most prominent among these is James A. Garfield, president of the United States, and Judge Jeremiah Black, of the supreme bench.

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They are fairly represented in congress, having a larger number of representatives than any other church, except one.

SCHOOLS OF WASHINGTON.

The first school in Washington was taught in 1813, by Samuel Loof borrow, in a double log house (one part of which he used for a dwelling), on the corner of Paint and Hind stree